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This paper addresses the problem of estimating the distributed state (i.e., current and voltage) along lossy transmission line (TL). The TL is represented by the hyperbolic-type partial differential equation (PDE), also known as Telegraph equations. To this end, we develop an observer that provides online estimates of the variables of interest, based only on collocated measurements at the ingoing boundary. The observer design relies on backstepping method involving input error injections entering the domain and boundary equations. The resulting collocated observer have explicit spatially varying gains. The distributed observer features exponential convergence and, in addition, proves to be useful for fault detection of the most frequent practical scenario, i.e., the single-phase to ground short-circuit. The observer performances are also highlighted by simulation results that illustrate the observer ability to detect and localize the fault precisely.

With the increasing railway vehicle speed, pantograph–catenary (PAC) system has become an important part as its incidents still stand among the principal causes of railway traffic interruption. Indeed, when a rail vehicle moves, the pantograph should constantly press against the underside of the catenary. Nonetheless, it is difficult to get around the complexity of the physical interaction between the pantograph and the contact wire, which could deteriorate the quality of the electricity transfer. Thus, PAC system performances could dramatically be reduced because of bad current collection. Therefore, in this paper, we present an output feedback solution in order to design an active control of PAC system. The proposed solution is based on the backstepping control and an adaptive observer that estimates both the (unknown) catenary parameters and the system state. All synthesis steps are given and the closed-loop analysis shows asymptotic tracking behavior regardless of the time-varying catenary stiffness. Furthermore, a numerical example shows that the PAC contact can be regulated with desired effect.

2019 JUN 8 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week -- Data detailed on Proteins - Extracellular Matrix Proteins have been presented. According [...]

2016 APR 9 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week -- Investigators publish new report on Neurology. According to news originating from Toronto, [...]