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Objective Cystoscopy is a common urologic procedure. Analgesics are often used to reduce any pain associated with this procedure. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy in reducing pain and the cost-effectiveness of two forms of lidocaine gel in patients undergoing cystoscopy.Methods In this double-blind, randomized clinical trial, 77 male patients who were referred for double J removal, urethral dilatation, or cystoscopy were enrolled. The patients were divided into two groups: Dispogel and Cathejell. All patients received 20 mL of intraurethral lidocaine gel 2% and cystoscopy was performed 5 minutes thereafter. The primary outcome was the pain score (visual analogue scale, VAS) during and 5 minutes after cystoscopy.Results There were no statistically significant differences between the VAS scores, blood pressure, and pulse rate in the groups in either observation period. No patient required additional anesthetic agents or sedatives for insufficient pain relief.Conclusion The results of this study show that the analgesic efficacy of Dispogel and Cathejell in the treatment of pain during and after elective cystoscopy was the same, but Dispogel was more cost-effective.

Objective This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of dextranomer/cross-linked hyaluronic acid (Hyadex) in patients with a clinical diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR).Methods In this cross-sectional multicenter observational study, Hyadex was used in four different centers for the endoscopic treatment of VUR from 2020 to 2022. The study involved 74 patients (93 renal units) who were diagnosed with VUR according to voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) findings and were considered suitable for subureteric endoscopic treatment. The follow-up time (control VCUG time) was 3 months.Results In the VCUG evaluation, grade I VUR was found in 13 renal units, grade II in 23 renal units, grade III in 42 renal units, and grade IV in 12 renal units. The success rates of Hyadex treatment according to the degree of VUR were as follows: 84.6% for grade I, 82.6% for grade II, 71.4% for grade III, and 66.0% for grade IV. No major complications were observed.Conclusion Endoscopic subureteric Hyadex injection had high success rates in appropriately selected patients with VUR and may be used as the first-line treatment for children with VUR.