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Broadband photodetectors covering ultraviolet (UV) to near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths play an essential role in communications, imaging, and biosensing. Developing a single photodetector with a broadband optical response operating at room temperature can significantly reduce the complexity and cost of receiver systems for multispectral applications. In this work, utilizing the porous structure characteristics of Cs2AgBiBr6:Sn thin films, a self-powered detector with broad spectral response (UV–vis-NIR) was achieved by constructing an effective Cs2AgBiBr6:Sn/PDPP3T heterojunction. This photodetector possesses a broad response spectrum from 350 to 950 nm with an average detection rate exceeding 1011Jones and maintains excellent photoelectric performance over two months. Sn2+doping effectively reduces the bandgap of Cs2AgBiBr6, enhancing its near-infrared absorption and optimizing energy level alignment with conjugated polymer (diketopyrrolopyrrole-terthiophene, PDPP3T). More importantly, the porous structure derived from Sn doping significantly improves carrier extraction and transport under a near-infrared light response at the heterojunction interface. Utilizing its broad spectral response characteristics in the UV–vis-NIR range, a novel information transfer and encryption system employing full optical modulation has been realized within a single perovskite photodetector. This work provides a new approach to fabricating lead-free double perovskite broadband photodetectors with potential applications in photonic devices.

Despite success in hematologic malignancies, the treatment landscape of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy for solid tumors remains limited. Claudin18.2 (CLDN18.2)-redirected CAR T cells showed promising efficacy against gastric cancer (GC) in a preclinical study. Here we report the interim analysis results of an ongoing, open-label, single-arm, phase 1 clinical trial of CLDN18.2-targeted CAR T cells (CT041) in patients with previously treated, CLDN18.2-positive digestive system cancers (NCT03874897). The primary objective was safety after CT041 infusion; secondary objectives included CT041 efficacy, pharmacokinetics and immunogenicity. We treated 37 patients with one of three CT041 doses: 2.5 × 108, 3.75 × 108or 5.0 × 108cells. All patients experienced a grade 3 or higher hematologic toxicity. Grade 1 or 2 cytokine release syndrome (CRS) occurred in 94.6% of patients. No grade 3 or higher CRS or neurotoxicities, treatment-related deaths or dose-limiting toxicities were reported. The overall response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) reached 48.6% and 73.0%, respectively. The 6-month duration of response rate was 44.8%. In patients with GC, the ORR and DCR reached 57.1% and 75.0%, respectively, and the 6-month overall survival rate was 81.2%. These initial results suggest that CT041 has promising efficacy with an acceptable safety profile in patients with heavily pretreated, CLDN18.2-positive digestive system cancers, particularly in those with GC.

Renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is one of the most common acute kidney injuries, but there is still a lack of effective treatment in the clinical setting. Trehalose (Tre), a natural disaccharide, has been demonstrated to protect against oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. However, whether it could protect against IR-induced renal injury needs to be investigated. In an in vivo experiment, C57BL/6J mice were pretreated with or without Tre (2 g/kg) through a daily single intraperitoneal injection from 3 days before renal IR surgery. Renal function, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation were analyzed to evaluate kidney injury. In an in vitro experiment, mouse proximal tubular cells were treated with or without Tre under a hypoxia/reoxygenation condition. Western blot analysis, autophagy flux detection, and apoptosis assay were performed to evaluate the level of autophagy and antiapoptotic effect of Tre. The in vivo results showed that the renal damage induced by IR was ameliorated by Tre treatment, as renal histology and renal function were improved and the enhanced protein levels of kidney injury molecule-1 and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin were blocked. Moreover, autophagy was activated by Tre pretreatment along with inhibition of the IR injury-induced apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. The in vitro results showed that Tre treatment activated autophagy and protected against hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced tubular cell apoptosis and oxidative stress. Our results demonstrated that Tre protects against IR-induced renal injury, possibly by enhancing autophagy and blocking oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, suggesting its potential use for the clinical treatment of renal IR injury.

Efficiency promotion has been severely constrained by charge recombination in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Interface modification has been proved to be an effective way to reduce the interfacial charge recombination. In this work, a mesoporous TiO2(mp-TiO2) layer was modified by an ultrathin BaTiO3layer to suppress charge recombination in PSCs. The ultrathin BaTiO3modification layer was prepared by the spin coating method using a barium salt solution. The concentration of the barium salt solution was optimized, and the effect of the BaTiO3modification layer on the performance of the cells was also investigated. The modification layer can not only successfully retard charge recombination but also effectively boost the rate of electron extraction at the interface, resulting in enhanced open-circuit voltage (Voc), short circuit current density (Jsc), and fill factor. Furthermore, the hysteresis of the PSCs was also significantly reduced after the modification. By optimizing and employing the BaTiO3modification layer, the power conversion efficiency of the cells was increased from 16.13 to 17.87%.

The incorporation of an endogenous safety switch represents a rational strategy for the control of toxicities following the administration of adoptive T cell therapies. An ideal safety switch should be capable of depleting the transferred T cells with minimal injury to normal tissues. We generated a fusion receptor by engineering a cryptic 806 epitope of human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) into the N terminus of the full-length human folate receptor 1 (FOLR1), designated as FR806. The expression of FR806 allows transduced T cells to be targeted with CH12, a monoclonal antibody recognizing the 806 epitope, but not wild-type EGFR in healthy tissues. FR806, therefore, constitutes a specific cell-surface marker for the elimination of transduced T cells. We demonstrate that the antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) CH12-MMAF is efficiently internalized by FR806-expressing T cells and has the potential to eliminate them. Transfected T cells could, furthermore, be efficiently detected and purified using CH12 antibodies. In immuno-compromised mice, CH12-MMAF eliminated the majority of transferred T cells expressing FR806 and anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR). The selectivity for the 806 epitope and internalization capacity of FOLR1 makes FR806 an efficient safety switch, which may additionally be used as a detection and purification biomarker for human T cell immunotherapies.

Amyloid-b (Ab) peptides are important and reliable molecular biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of Alzheimer's disease. Aggregation and fibrillation of Ab peptides on ganglioside GM1 (GM1)-containing lipid membranes is considered a cause of neurodegenerative disease. Because GM1 is abundant in the central nervous system and plays a key role in the aggregation of Ab, the interaction of Ab with supported planar lipid bilayers (SPBs) containing GM1 is of great significance. We prepared SPBs containing GM1 in order to study the electrochemical characteristics of GM1/sphingomyelin/cholesterol SPBs and their interaction with Ab(1-40) by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results suggested that SPBs formed an insulating layer on the surface of the electrode and were damaged by Ab(1-40), thereby reducing the resistance of SPBs and enhancing the capacity and rate of ion transport. The results obtained from EIS correlated well with Thioflavin T fluorescence and atomic force microscopy, which proved that EIS is a promising method for analyzing the interaction between Ab peptides and lipid membranes.

Objective: We investigated whether or not there are autoantibodies for DKK1 (Dickkopf-1) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and whether this autoantibody can be used for cancer detection.Methods: The levels of DKK1 autoantibodies were determined in 93 NSCLC patients and 87 healthy controls.Results: We found that, in the sera, the presence of autoantibody against DKK1 was highly correlated with NSCLC. High anti-DKK1 autoantibody titres were found in the sera of NSCLC patients, whereas low or negative titres were found in the control group. The ROC curve results showed that autoantibody immunoassay exhibited 62% sensitivity and 84% specificity. The sensitivity for the detection of NSCLC in stage I also reach 64.3%. Furthermore, a combined ELISA assays for both DKK1 and autoantibody DKK1 increased sensitivity and classified 81.7% (76/93) of the NSCLC patients as positive, whereas only 13.8 % (12/87) of healthy volunteers were falsely diagnosed as positive.Conclusions: Our results suggest that the detection of circulating DKK1 autoantibody could potentially serve as a useful non-invasive marker for determining lung cancer status.

Extending photoelectric response to the near-infrared (NIR) region using upconversion luminescent (UCL) materials is one promising approach to obtain high-efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, challenges remain due to the shortage of highly efficient UCL materials and device structure. NaCsWO3nanocrystals exhibit near-infrared absorption arising from the local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect, which can be used to boost the UCL of rare-earth-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs). In this study, using NaCsWO3as the LSPR center, NaCsWO3@NaYF4@NaYF4:Yb,Er nanoparticles were synthesized and the UCL intensity could be enhanced by more than 124 times when the amount of NaCsWO3was 2.8 mmol %. Then, such efficient UCNPs were not only doped into the hole transport layer but also used to modify the perovskite film in PSCs, resulting in the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) reaching 18.89% (that of the control device was 16.01% and the PCE improvement was 17.99%). Possible factors for the improvement of PSCs were studied and analyzed. It is found that UCNPs can broaden the response range of PSCs to the NIR region due to the LSPR-enhanced UCL and increase the visible light reabsorption of PSCs due to the scattering and reflection effect, which generate more photocurrent in PSCs. In addition, UCNPs modify the perovskite film by effectively filling the holes and gaps at the grain boundary and eliminating the perovskite surface defects, which lead to less carrier recombination and then effectively improve the performance of PSC devices.

Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides are important and reliable molecular biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of Alzheimer's disease. Aggregation and fibrillation of Aβ peptides on ganglioside GM1 (GM1)-containing lipid membranes is considered a cause of neurodegenerative disease. Because GM1 is abundant in the central nervous system and plays a key role in the aggregation of Aβ, the interaction of Aβ with supported planar lipid bilayers (SPBs) containing GM1 is of great significance. We prepared SPBs containing GM1 in order to study the electrochemical characteristics of GM1/sphingomyelin/cholesterol SPBs and their interaction with Aβ(1-40) by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results suggested that SPBs formed an insulating layer on the surface of the electrode and were damaged by Aβ(1-40), thereby reducing the resistance of SPBs and enhancing the capacity and rate of ion transport. The results obtained from EIS correlated well with Thioflavin T fluorescence and atomic force microscopy, which proved that EIS is a promising method for analyzing the interaction between Aβ peptides and lipid membranes.