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Fog harvesting is considered a promising freshwater collection strategy for overcoming water scarcity, because of its environmental friendliness and strong sustainability. Typically, fogging occurs briefly at night and in the early morning in most arid and semiarid regions. However, studies on water collection from short-term fog are scarce. Herein, we developed a patterned surface with highly hydrophilic interconnected microchannels on a superhydrophobic surface to improve droplet convergence driven by the Young–Laplace pressure difference. With a rationally designed surface structure, the optimized water collection rate from mild fog could reach up to 67.31 g m–2h–1(6.731 mg cm–2h–1) in 6 h; this value was over 130% higher than that observed on the pristine surface. The patterned surface with interconnected microchannels significantly shortened the startup time, which was counted from the fog contact to the first droplet falling from the fog-harvesting surface. The patterned surface was also facilely prepared via a controllable strategy combining laser ablation and chemical vapor deposition. The results obtained in outdoor environments indicate that the rationally designed surface has the potential for short-term fog harvesting. This work can be considered as a meaningful attempt to address the practical issues encountered in fog-harvesting research.

Hindered phenolic antioxidants have been extensively recognized and applied to boost the heat resistance and oxidative aging performance of poly(propylene) (PP) composites. Low-molecular-weight antioxidants are easy to volatilize, migrate, and be extracted from PP or PP-based products, which can directly reduce the antithermal oxidative aging effect of PP and its composites, and it can contaminate food or drugs under its packaging. The design of an efficient and durable antioxidant with antimigration performance has drawn the attention of researchers. Currently, three main approaches are explored: (I) enhancement of molecular weight, that is, high molecular weight of antioxidants can stimulate the structure stability and the resistance toward migration; (II) inorganic immobilization, which involves immobilizing the antioxidants on inorganic substrate to enhance the dispersion and the antimigration performance; and (III) intercalation-mediated assembly, which involved intercalating low-molecular-weight antioxidants into the interlayer region of a layered host to boost antimigration performance based on the host–guest interaction.

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In this study, the crystal form transition and semicrystalline morphology evolution of quenched polyamide 1012 (PA1012) during heating were investigated. Quenched PA1012 displayed a pseudohexagonal γ′ form at room temperature, in which the methylene segments adopted a transconformation, the methylene group directly attached to the amide group was twisted, and the hydrogen bonding pointed in all directions. During heating, the γ′ form gradually transformed into the γ form as the transmethylene sequences that are away from the amide group further twisted, and the dihedral angle between the amide and methylene plane exhibited a narrow distribution. The transition onset temperature was near the glass transition temperature of quenched PA1012. The semicrystalline morphology of quenched PA1012 was characterized as a loose network consisting of a disordered arrangement of thin lamellae with poorly defined boundaries. As the annealing temperature increased, the lamellae became more perfect and thicker, while the morphological type remained the same.

In continuous multiphase flow photochemical reactions, the generation of insoluble materials can significantly reduce the efficiency of material and light energy transfer between interfaces due to numerous interfaces within the hybrid system. The problem of solids blocking pipelines further compounds this issue. This study presents the design and construction of an optical-ultrasonic coupled continuous flow reactor to synthesize the insoluble α-bromoketone (4,4′-bis(2-bromoacetyl)biphenyl) is continuously produced in situ for synthesis, eliminating the need for large quantities of toxic bromine. A flowing cooling medium enhanced the ultrasound power transfer and eliminated the thermal effects of the ultrasound and light sources under TR= 2.1 min, T= 20 °C, and a flow cooling medium thickness of 1.5 cm. The reactants were converted to 92.4% and yielded up to 90.2%, significantly better than the batch reactor results. The experimental results show that the product particles are reduced considerably under ultrasound, eliminating the blockage. Free radical capture experiments investigated the stepwise bromination mechanism, kinetic parameters were calculated, and the reaction rate expressions derived from the basic steps were consistent with the kinetic model. These findings provide valuable insights into the reaction process, contributing to a more comprehensive understanding.

Due to the problems of few fault samples and large data fluctuations in the blast furnace (BF) ironmaking process, some transfer learning-based fault diagnosis methods are proposed. The vast majority of such methods perform distribution adaptation by reducing the distance between data distributions and applying a classifier to generate pseudo-labels for self-training. However, since the training data is dominated by labeled source domain data, such classifiers tend to be weak classifiers in the target domain. In addition, the features generated after domain adaptation are likely to be at the decision boundary, resulting in a loss of classification performance. Hence, we propose a novel method called Minimax Entropy-Based Co-training (MMEC) that adversarially optimizes a transferable fault diagnosis model for the BF. The structure of MMEC includes a dual-view feature extractor, followed by two classifiers that compute the feature’s cosine similarity to representative vector of each class. Knowledge transfer is achieved by alternately increasing and decreasing the entropy of unlabeled target samples with the classifier and the feature extractor, respectively. Transfer BF fault diagnosis experiments show that our method improves accuracy by about 5% over state-of-the-art methods.

With the increasing power consumption of electronic devices, this leads to a huge challenge in terms of heat dissipation. In order to solve the problem of heat dissipation in electronic equipment and to improve the stability and life of electronic equipment. This paper reports polypropylene (PP)/carbon fiber (CF)/Al2O3, PP/CF, PP/CF/SiO2composites with excellent properties, which are prepared by two different methods: injection molding (IM) and injection compression (IC). The PP/CF/Al2O3and PP/CF/SiO2composites contain a constant 5 wt% of Al2O3and SiO2fillers. Different processing methods are used to prepare the composites in order to investigate the effect of different processing methods on the mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of the composites. The PP/CF/Al2O3composite (0.475 W/(m⋅K)) prepared by IC method (6 × 0.5 mm) has good thermal conductivity, 15.90% higher than that of the PP/CF/Al2O3composite (0.410 W/(m⋅K)) prepared by IM method. In addition, the PP/CF/Al2O3composite has good mechanical properties (tensile strength and elongation at break are 4.22% and 14.176 MPa respectively). This method of IM has great potential for the continuous production of thermally conductive composites.

In wild-type Caenorhabditis elegans,the gonad is a complex epithelial tube that consists of long arms composed predominantly of germline tissue as well as somatic structures specialized for particular reproductive functions. In gon-1mutants, the adult gonad is severely disorganized with essentially no arm extension and no recognizable somatic structure. The developmental defects in gon-1mutants are limited to the gonad; other cells, tissues, and organs appear to develop normally. Previous work defined the regulatory “leader” cells as crucial for extension of the gonadal arms (J. E. Kimble and J. G. White, 1981, Dev. Biol.81, 208–219). In gon-1mutants, the leader cells are specified correctly, but they fail to migrate and gonadal arms are not generated. In addition, gon-1is required for morphogenesis of the gonadal somatic structures. This second role appears to be independent of that required for leader migration. Parallel studies have shown that gon-1encodes a secreted metalloprotease (R. Blelloch and J. Kimble, 1999, Nature399, 586–590). We discuss how a metalloprotease may control two aspects of gonadal morphogenesis.

The C. elegans lag-2 gene is required for several cell-cell interactions that rely on the receptors GLP-1 and LIN-12. In this paper, we report that lag-2 encodes a putative membrane protein with sequence similarity to Drosophila Delta, a proposed ligand for the Notch receptor. Furthermore, we show that the lag-2 promoter drives expression of a reporter protein in the signaling distal tip cell (DTC) of the DTC/germline interaction. By in situ hybridization, we have found that endogenous lag-2 mRNA is present in the DTC but not the germ line. One fusion protein, called LAG-2::β-gal(intra), rescues a lag-2 null mutant and can be detected in both DTC and germ line. Taking these results together, we propose that lag-2 may encode a signaling ligand for GLP-1/LIN-12 and that the entire LAG-2 protein may be taken up into the receiving cell during induction by GLP-1 and lateral signaling by LIN-12.