Author: "Gandhi, Rajiv" / Publication Type: Magazines - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

Your search keyword '"Gandhi, Rajiv"' showing total 58 results

Start Over Author "Gandhi, Rajiv" Publication Type Magazines

58 results on '"Gandhi, Rajiv"'

1. Performance analysis of ensemble learning algorithms in intrusion detection systems: A survey

Author: Anitha and Gandhi, Rajiv
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

2. Total Knee Arthroplasty Versus Education and Exercise for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Propensity‐Matched Analysis

Author: Young, James J., Zywiel, Michael G., Skou, Søren T., Chandran, Vinod, Davey, J. Rod, Gandhi, Rajiv, Mahomed, Nizar N., Syed, Khalid, Veillette, Christian J. H., Rampersaud, Y. Raja, and Perruccio, Anthony V.
Abstract: We estimate the treatment effect of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) versus an education and exercise (Edu+Ex) program on pain, function, and quality of life outcomes 3 and 12 months after treatment initiation for knee osteoarthritis (OA). Patients with knee OA who had undergone TKA were matched on a 1:1 ratio with participants in an Edu+Ex program based on a propensity score fitted to a range of pretreatment covariates. After matching, between‐group differences in improvement (the treatment effect) in Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score 12‐item version (0, worst to 100, best) pain, function, and quality of life from baseline to 3 and 12 months were estimated using linear mixed models, adjusting for unbalanced covariates, if any, after matching. The matched sample consisted of 522 patients (Edu+Ex, n = 261; TKA, n = 261) who were balanced on all pretreatment characteristics. At 12‐month follow‐up, TKA resulted in significantly greater improvements in pain (mean difference [MD] 22.8; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 19.7–25.8), function (MD 21.2; 95% CI 17.7–24.4), and quality of life (MD 18.3; 15.0–21.6). Even so, at least one‐third of patients receiving Edu+Ex had a clinically meaningful improvement in outcomes at 12 months compared with 75% of patients with TKA. TKA is associated with greater improvements in pain, function, and quality of life, but these findings also suggest that Edu+Ex may be a viable alternative to TKA in a meaningful proportion of patients, which may reduce overall TKA need. Confirmatory trials are needed.
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

3. Surgical management of hip osteoarthritis

Author: Gandhi, Rajiv, Perruccio, Anthony V., and Mahomed, Nizar N.
Subjects: Osteoarthritis -- Care and treatment -- Patient outcomes -- Forecasts and trends, Market trend/market analysis, Health
Abstract: Osteoarthritis is a leading cause of pain, disability and health care use among adults. The hip is the second most common large joint affected by osteoarthritis. (1-3) Although research has [...]
Published: 2014
Full Text: View/download PDF

4. Femoroacetabular impingement: a consideration in younger adults with hip pain

Author: Hansen, Heather, Taylor-Gjevre, Regina, Obaid, Haron, Gandhi, Rajiv, and King, Anthony
Subjects: Hip joint -- Care and treatment, Pain -- Care and treatment, Osteoarthritis -- Diagnosis -- Care and treatment -- Case studies, Health
Abstract: A 32-year-old woman with a family history of rheumatoid arthritis was referred to a rheumatology clinic with symptoms of right knee and hip discomfort. These joint symptoms had been progressive [...]
Published: 2013
Full Text: View/download PDF

5. Painful diabetic neuropathy is associated with greater autonomic dysfunction than painless diabetic neuropathy

Author: Gandhi, Rajiv A., Marques, Jefferson L.B., Selvarajah, Dinesh, Emery, Celia J., and Tesfaye, Solomon
Subjects: Heart beat -- Analysis, Diabetic neuropathies -- Analysis, Health
Abstract: OBJECTIVE--Although a clear link between diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and autonomic neuropathy is recognized, the relationship of autonomic neuropathy with subtypes of DPN is less clear. This study aimed to [...]
Published: 2010
Full Text: View/download PDF

6. Large-fiber dysfunction in diabetic peripheral neuropathy is predicted by cardiovascular risk factors

Author: Elliott, Jackie, Tesfaye, Solomon, Chaturvedi, Nish, Gandhi, Rajiv A., Stevens, Lynda K., Emery, Celia, and Fuller, John H.
Subjects: Cholesterol -- Health aspects -- Research, Medical research -- Health aspects, Medicine, Experimental -- Health aspects, Diabetic foot -- Research -- Risk factors -- Health aspects, Cardiovascular diseases -- Research -- Risk factors -- Health aspects, Diabetics -- Health aspects -- Research, Health
Abstract: OBJECTIVE--Diabetic large-nerve fiber dysfunction, as measured by vibration perception threshold (VPT), predicts foot ulceration, amputation, and mortality. Thus, determination of modifiable risk factors is of great clinical importance. RESEARCH DESIGN [...]
Published: 2009

7. Comparison of amitriptyline supplemented with pregabalin, pregabalin supplemented with amitriptyline, and duloxetine supplemented with pregabalin for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain (OPTION-DM): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised crossover trial

Author: Tesfaye, Solomon, Sloan, Gordon, Petrie, Jennifer, White, David, Bradburn, Mike, Julious, Steven, Rajbhandari, Satyan, Sharma, Sanjeev, Rayman, Gerry, Gouni, Ravikanth, Alam, Uazman, Cooper, Cindy, Loban, Amanda, Sutherland, Katie, Glover, Rachel, Waterhouse, Simon, Turton, Emily, Horspool, Michelle, Gandhi, Rajiv, Maguire, Deirdre, Jude, Edward B, Ahmed, Syed H, Vas, Prashanth, Hariman, Christian, McDougall, Claire, Devers, Marion, Tsatlidis, Vasileios, Johnson, Martin, Rice, Andrew S C, Bouhassira, Didier, Bennett, David L, and Selvarajah, Dinesh
Abstract: Diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain (DPNP) is common and often distressing. Most guidelines recommend amitriptyline, duloxetine, pregabalin, or gabapentin as initial analgesic treatment for DPNP, but there is little comparative evidence on which one is best or whether they should be combined. We aimed to assess the efficacy and tolerability of different combinations of first-line drugs for treatment of DPNP.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

8. Microvascular perfusion abnormalities of the thalamus in painful but not painless diabetic polyneuropathy: a clue to the pathogenesis of pain in type 1 diabetes

Author: Selvarajah, Dinesh, Wilkinson, Iain D., Gandhi, Rajiv, Griffiths, Paul D., and Tesfaye, Solomon
Subjects: Thalamic diseases -- Risk factors -- Diagnosis -- Research, Type 1 diabetes -- Complications and side effects -- Diagnosis -- Research, Diabetic neuropathies -- Risk factors -- Diagnosis -- Research, Health
Abstract: OBJECTIVE--The pathogenesis of painful diabetic neuropathy (DN) remains undetermined, with both central and peripheral mechanisms implicated. This study investigates whether thalamic perfusion abnormalities occur in painful DN. RESEARCH DESIGN AND [...]
Published: 2011
Full Text: View/download PDF

9. Randomized placebo-controlled double-blind clinical trial of cannabis-based medicinal product (sativex) in painful diabetic neuropathy: depression is a major confounding factor

Author: Selvarajah, Dinesh, Gandhi, Rajiv, Emery, Celia J., and Tesfaye, Solomon
Subjects: Depression, Mental -- Care and treatment, Medicine, Botanic -- Health aspects, Medicine, Herbal -- Health aspects, Diabetic neuropathies -- Care and treatment, Cannabis -- Health aspects -- Patient outcomes, Health
Abstract: OBJECTIVE--To assess the efficacy of Sativex, a cannabis-based medicinal extract, as adjuvant treatment in painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--In this randomized controlled trial, 30 subjects with [...]
Published: 2010
Full Text: View/download PDF

10. Noninvasive evaluation of neural impairment in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance

Author: Putz, Zsuzsanna, Tabak, Adam G., Toth, Nelli, Istenes, Ildiko, Nemeth, Nora, Gandhi, Rajiv A., Hermanyi, Zsolt, Keresztes, Katalin, Jermendy, Gyorgy, Tesfaye, Solomon, and Kempler, Peter
Subjects: Glucose intolerance -- Complications and side effects -- Research -- Risk factors -- Diagnosis, Cardiovascular diseases -- Risk factors -- Research -- Complications and side effects -- Diagnosis, Diabetic neuropathies -- Risk factors -- Diagnosis -- Research -- Complications and side effects, Health, Diagnosis, Complications and side effects, Research, Risk factors
Abstract: OBJECTIVE--To evaluate neural dysfunction in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--For this study, 46 subjects with IGT and 45 healthy volunteers underwent detailed neurological assessment. Cardiovascular [...]
Published: 2009

11. Reducing mortality and morbidity following hip fracture: is expedited surgery the way to go?

Author: Gandhi, Rajiv and Perruccio, Anthony V.
Subjects: Mortality -- Research -- Canada, Hip replacement arthroplasty -- Research -- Health aspects -- Patient outcomes, Hip fractures -- Research -- Risk factors -- Statistics, Health
Abstract: Hip fractures secondary to osteoporosis are considered to be the most debilitating type of fragility fracture. (1) Although comprising 14% of osteoporotic fractures, hip fractures account for 72% of fracture-related [...]
Published: 2016
Full Text: View/download PDF

12. Clicking hip in a postmenopausal woman

Author: Kelly, Len, Gandhi, Rajiv, and Panu, Anukul
Subjects: Postmenopausal women -- Health aspects, Decision-making -- Analysis, Pain -- Analysis, Health
Abstract: A 55-year-old postmenopausal woman experiences intermittent anterior clicking and locking of her hip while walking. The clicking is painful and comes on without warning, causing her to stop walking for [...]
Published: 2016
Full Text: View/download PDF

13. Sex‐Modified Effects of Depression, Low Back Pain, and Comorbidities on Pain After Total Knee Arthroplasty for Osteoarthritis

Author: Perruccio, Anthony V., Fitzpatrick, Jessica, Power, J. Denise, Gandhi, Rajiv, Rampersaud, Y. Raja, Mahomed, Nizar N., Davey, J. Roderick, Syed, Khalid, Veillette, Christian, and Badley, Elizabeth M.
Abstract: The influence of sex on post–total knee arthroplasty (TKA) outcomes has been variable in the literature. Though sex is often reported as an averaged effect, we undertook this study to investigate whether sex modified the influence of presurgery characteristics on post‐TKAknee pain. This was a prospective study with data derived from 477 TKAosteoarthritis patients (279 women, 198 men). Questionnaires were completed presurgery and at 3 months postsurgery. The association between 3‐month post‐TKAknee pain and presurgery covariates (body mass index, comorbidity count, symptomatic joint count, low back pain, knee pain, and depressive symptoms) was assessed by linear regression. Sex‐specific effects were evaluated using interactions. Women had significantly worse presurgery knee pain, joint count, and depressive symptoms, and worse postsurgery knee pain, than men. With simple covariate adjustment, no sex effect on pain was found. However, sex was found to moderate the effects of comorbidities (worse for women [P= 0.013]), presence of low back pain (worse for men [P= 0.003]), and depressive symptoms (worse for men [P< 0.001]) on postsurgery pain. Worse presurgery pain was associated with worse postsurgery pain similarly for women and men. The influence of some patient factors on early post‐TKApain cannot be assumed to be the same for women and men; average effects may mask underlying associations. Results suggest a need to consider sex differences in understanding TKAoutcomes, which may have important implications for prognostic tool development in TKA.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

14. Same-Day Discharge Following Total Joint Arthroplasty: Examining Trends, Discharge Dispositions, and Complications Over Time

Author: Clouette, Julien, Agarwalla, Avinesh, Ravi, Bheeshma, Gandhi, Rajiv, Maldonado-Rodriguez, Naomi, Saltzman, Bryan M., Romeo, Anthony A., and Leroux, Timothy S.
Abstract: Administrative database studies have reported on the safety of same-day discharge (SDD) following total joint arthroplasty (TJA); however, most patient cohorts have been defined by length of stay (LOS), and the proportion discharged directly home remains unknown. The purpose of this investigation was to (1) determine common dispositions for patients undergoing SDD TJA; (2) understand changes in discharge disposition over time; and (3) determine the safety of SDD TJA, stratified by discharge disposition. The PearlDiver Database was reviewed for patients who underwent SDD TJA (LOS of 0 days) from 2011 to 2016. Patients were stratified by discharge disposition, and rates and complications following SDD TJA were assessed accordingly. Chi-square analysis was performed to compare demographics and complications between patient groups stratified by disposition. From 2011 to 2016, there was an exponential increase in the annual rate of SDD TJA from 0.95% to 20.5%, respectively; however, the annual proportion of patients discharged directly home remained unchanged (approximately 68%), with the remaining discharged directly to an alternate care facility, most commonly inpatient rehabilitation. Patients discharged to an alternate facility were significantly older (Administrative database studies have reported on the safety of same-day discharge (SDD) following total joint arthroplasty (TJA); however, most patient cohorts have been defined by length of stay (LOS), and the proportion discharged directly home remains unknown. The purpose of this investigation was to (1) determine common dispositions for patients undergoing SDD TJA; (2) understand changes in discharge disposition over time; and (3) determine the safety of SDD TJA, stratified by discharge disposition. The PearlDiver Database was reviewed for patients who underwent SDD TJA (LOS of 0 days) from 2011 to 2016. Patients were stratified by discharge disposition, and rates and complications following SDD TJA were assessed accordingly. Chi-square analysis was performed to compare demographics and complications between patient groups stratified by disposition. From 2011 to 2016, there was an exponential increase in the annual rate of SDD TJA from 0.95% to 20.5%, respectively; however, the annual proportion of patients discharged directly home remained unchanged (approximately 68%), with the remaining discharged directly to an alternate care facility, most commonly inpatient rehabilitation. Patients discharged to an alternate facility were significantly older (P<.001), had significantly higher comorbidity scores (P<.001), and had significantly more complications (P<.001) than those patients discharged directly home. Although the annual rate of SDD TJA is increasing, up to one-third of patients are not discharged directly home—a proportion unchanged over time. Moving forward, administrative database studies examining SDD TJA must account for discharge disposition; moreover, there is a need to understand the practice of SDD TJA to an alternate care facility. [Orthopedics. 2020;43(4):204–208.]
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

15. Cannabis Use and Sport: A Systematic Review

Author: Docter, Shgufta, Khan, Moin, Gohal, Chetan, Ravi, Bheeshma, Bhandari, Mohit, Gandhi, Rajiv, and Leroux, Timothy
Abstract: Context: Cannabis use has increased, in large part due to decriminalization. Despite this increase in usage, it remains unclear what proportion of athletes use cannabis and what effect it has on athletic performance and recovery.Objective: To systematically review cannabis use among athletes, including epidemiology, effect on performance and recovery, and regulations for use in sport.Data Sources: PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases were queried from database inception through November 15, 2018. A hand search of policies, official documents, and media reports was performed for relevant information.Study Selection: All studies related to cannabis use in athletes, including impact on athletic performance or recovery, were included.Study Design: Systematic review.Level of Evidence: Level 4.Data Extraction: Demographic and descriptive data of included studies relating to epidemiology of cannabis use in athletes were extracted and presented in weighted means or percentages where applicable.Results: Overall, 37 studies were included, of which the majority were cross-sectional studies of elite and university athletes. Among 11 studies reporting use among athletes (n = 46,202), approximately 23.4% of respondents reported using cannabis in the past 12 months. Two studies found a negative impact on performance, while another 2 studies found no impact. There was no literature on the influence of cannabis on athletic recovery. Across athletic organizations and leagues, there is considerable variability in acceptable thresholds for urine tetrahydrocannabinol levels (>15 to 150 ng/mL) and penalties for athletes found to be above these accepted thresholds.Conclusion: Overall, these results suggest that approximately 1 in 4 athletes report using cannabis within the past year. Based on the available evidence, cannabis does not appear to positively affect performance, but the literature surrounding this is generally poor. Given the variability in regulation across different sport types and competition levels, as well as the growing number of states legalizing recreational cannabis use, there is a need to improve our understanding of the effects of cannabis use on the athlete and perhaps adopt a clearer and overarching policy for the use of cannabis by athletes in all sports and at all levels.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

16. Synovial fluid monocyte/macrophage subsets and their correlation to patient-reported outcomes in osteoarthritic patients: a cohort study

Author: Gómez-Aristizábal, Alejandro, Gandhi, Rajiv, Mahomed, Nizar, Marshall, K., and Viswanathan, Sowmya
Abstract: Chronic, low-grade inflammation of the synovium (synovitis) is a hallmark of osteoarthritis (OA), thus understanding of OA immunobiology, mediated by immune effectors, is of importance. Specifically, monocytes/macrophages (MΦs) are known to be abundantly present in OA joints and involved in OA progression. However, different subsets of OA MΦs have not been investigated in detail, especially in terms of their relationship with patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). We hypothesized that levels of synovial fluid (SF) MΦ subsets are indicative of joint function and quality of life in patients with OA, and can therefore serve as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for OA. In this cohort study, synovial fluid leukocytes (SFLs, N= 86) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (n= 53) from patients with knee OA were characterized. Soluble MΦ receptors and chemokine (sCD14, sCD163, CCL2, CX3CL1) levels were detected in SF using immunoassays. Linear models, adjusted for sex, age and body mass index, were used to determine associations between SF MΦs and soluble factors with PROMs (N= 83). Pearson correlation was calculated to determine correlation between MΦ subsets, T cells and soluble factors. SF MΦs were the most abundant SFLs. Within these, the double-positive CD14+CD16+-MΦ subset is enriched in knee OA SF compared to the circulation. Importantly, MΦ subset ratios correlated with PROMs, specially stiffness, function and quality of life. Interestingly, the SF CD14+CD16+-MΦ subset ratio correlated with SF chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) levels but not with levels of sCD163 or sCD14; we found no association between PROMs and either SF CCL2, sCD163, sCD14 or CX3CL1 (which was below detection levels). All SF MΦs displayed high levels of HLA-DR, suggesting an activated phenotype. Correlation between OA SF MΦ subsets and activated CD4+T cell subsets suggests modulation of CD4+T cell activation by MΦs. SF MΦ subsets are associated with knee OA PROMs and display an activated phenotype, which may lead to modulation of CD4+T cell activation. Knee OA SF MΦ subsets could serve as knee OA function biomarkers and as targets of novel therapeutics.
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

17. Factors Associated With Opioid Use in Presurgical Knee, Hip, and Spine Osteoarthritis Patients

Author: Power, J. Denise, Perruccio, Anthony V., Gandhi, Rajiv, Veillette, Christian, Davey, J. Roderick, Lewis, Stephen J., Syed, Khalid, Mahomed, Nizar N., and Rampersaud, Y. Raja
Abstract: To evaluate rates of prescription opioid use among patients with presurgical knee, hip, and spine osteoarthritis (OA) and associations between use and sociodemographic and health status characteristics. Participants were patients with presurgical, end‐stage OAof the knee (n = 77), hip (n = 459), and spine (n = 168). Data were collected on current use of opioids and other pain medications, as well as measures of sociodemographic and health status variables and depression and pain (0–10 numeric rating scale). Rates of opioid use were calculated by sex, age, and surgical site. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine associations between opioid use (sometimes/daily versus never) and other study variables. The mean age of participants was 65.6 years; 55.5% were women, 15% of patients reported “sometimes” using opioids, and 15% reported “daily use.” Use of opioids was highest among patients with spine OA(40%) and similar among patients with knee and hip OA(28% and 30%, respectively). Younger women (ages <65 years) reported the greatest use of opioids overall, particularly among patients with spine OA. From multivariable logistic regression, greater likelihood of opioid use was significantly associated with spine OA(versus knee OA), obesity, being a current or former smoker, higher symptomatic joint count, greater depressive symptoms, greater pain, and current use of other prescription pain medication. Nearly one‐third of patients with presurgical OAused prescription opioid medication. Given the questionable efficacy of opioids in OAand risk of adverse effects, higher opioid use among younger individuals and those with depressive symptoms is of concern and warrants further investigation.
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

18. Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Treatment in Patients with Osteoarthritis Results in Overall Improvement in Pain and Symptoms and Reduces Synovial Inflammation

Author: Chahal, Jaskarndip, Gómez‐Aristizábal, Alejandro, Shestopaloff, Konstantin, Bhatt, Shashank, Chaboureau, Amélie, Fazio, Antonietta, Chisholm, Jolene, Weston, Amanda, Chiovitti, Julia, Keating, Armand, Kapoor, Mohit, Ogilvie‐Harris, Darrell J., Syed, Khalid A., Gandhi, Rajiv, Mahomed, Nizar N., Marshall, Kenneth W., Sussman, Marshall S., Naraghi, Ali M., and Viswanathan, Sowmya
Abstract: Patients with late‐stage Kellgren‐Lawrence knee osteoarthritis received a single intra‐articular injection of 1, 10, or 50 million bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM‐MSCs) in a phase I/IIa trial to assess safety and efficacy using a broad toolset of analytical methods. Besides safety, outcomes included patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs): Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC); contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for cartilage morphology (Whole Organ MRI Scores [WORMS]), collagen content (T2 scores), and synovitis; and inflammation and cartilage turnover biomarkers, all over 12 months. BM‐MSCs were characterized by a panel of anti‐inflammatory markers to predict clinical efficacy. There were no serious adverse events, although four patients had minor, transient adverse events. There were significant overall improvements in KOOS pain, symptoms, quality of life, and WOMAC stiffness relative to baseline; the 50 million dose achieved clinically relevant improvements across most PROMs. WORMS and T2 scores did not change relative to baseline. However, cartilage catabolic biomarkers and MRI synovitis were significantly lower at higher doses. Pro‐inflammatory monocytes/macrophages and interleukin 12 levels decreased in the synovial fluid after MSC injection. The panel of BM‐MSC anti‐inflammatory markers was strongly predictive of PROMs over 12 months. Autologous BM‐MSCs are safe and result in significant improvements in PROMs at 12 months. Our analytical tools provide important insights into BM‐MSC dosing and BM‐MSC reduction of synovial inflammation and cartilage degradation and provide a highly predictive donor selection criterion that will be critical in translating MSC therapy for osteoarthritis. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2019;8:746&757 Through anti‐inflammatory effects, bone‐marrow‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells decrease pain and improve function in patients with knee osteoarthritis.
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

19. Dulaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes (REWIND): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial

Author: Gerstein, Hertzel C, Colhoun, Helen M, Dagenais, Gilles R, Diaz, Rafael, Lakshmanan, Mark, Pais, Prem, Probstfield, Jeffrey, Riesmeyer, Jeffrey S, Riddle, Matthew C, Rydén, Lars, Xavier, Denis, Atisso, Charles Messan, Dyal, Leanne, Hall, Stephanie, Rao-Melacini, Purnima, Wong, Gloria, Avezum, Alvaro, Basile, Jan, Chung, Namsik, Conget, Ignacio, Cushman, William C, Franek, Edward, Hancu, Nicolae, Hanefeld, Markolf, Holt, Shaun, Jansky, Petr, Keltai, Matyas, Lanas, Fernando, Leiter, Lawrence A, Lopez-Jaramillo, Patricio, Cardona Munoz, Ernesto German, Pirags, Valdis, Pogosova, Nana, Raubenheimer, Peter J, Shaw, Jonathan E, Sheu, Wayne H-H, Temelkova-Kurktschiev, Theodora, Abella, Mercedes, Alebuena, Andrea, Almagro, Sandra, Amoroso, Eduardo, Anadon, Paula, Andreu, Elizabeth, Aristimuño, Guillermo, Arzadun, Maria, Barbieri, Maria, Barcudi, Raul, Bartolacci, Ines, Bolobanich, Gabriel, Bordonava, Anselmo, Bustamante Labarta, Miguel, Bustos, Betina, Caccavo, Alberto, Camino, Alejandra, Cantero, Maria, Carignano, Maria, Cartasegna, Luis, Cipullo, Marcela, Commendatore, Víctor, Conosciuto, Victoria, Costamagna, Osvaldo, Crespo, Claudia, Cuello, Jose, Cuneo, Carlos, Cusimano, Sandra, Dean, Sofia, Dituro, Claudio, Dominguez, Andrea, Farah, Miguel, Fernandez, Alberto, Fernandez, Florencia, Ferrari, Adriana, Flammia, Patricia, Fuentealba, Jose, Gallardo, Karina Beatriz, Garcia, Celso, Garcia Duran, Ruben, Garrido, Marcelo, Gavicola, Rodolfo, Gerbaudo, Claudio, Gilli, Graciela, Giotto, Ana Paula, Godoy Bolzán, Pedro, Gomez Vilamajo, Oscar, Guerlloy, Fernando, Guridi, Cristian, Gutierrez Garrido, Narcisa, Hasbani, Eduardo, Hermida, Sonia, Hominal, Miguel, Hrabar, Adrian, Ingaramo, Adrián, Izzicupo, Alejandra, Krynski, Mario, Lagrutta, Mariana, Lanchiotti, Paulina, Langhe, Maria, Leonard, Veronica, Llanos, Javier, Lopez Santi, Ricardo, Lowenstein, Jorge, Luquez, Cecilia, Mackinnon, Ignacio, Mana, Melina, Manzur, Sara, Marino, Javier, Martella, Carolina, Martinez, Roger, Matias, Re, Matkovich, Javier, Meritano, Monica, Montaña, Oscar, Mulazzi, María, Ochoa, Juan, Paterlini, Gustavo, Pelagagge, María, Peralta Lopez, Maria Elena, Prado, Aldo, Pruyas, Lorena, Racca, Martín, Ricotti, Carola, Rodriguez, Carolina, Romero Vidomlansky, Mariano, Ronderos, Ricardo, Sadowski, Ana Laura, Sala, Jorgelina, Sánchez, Alejandro, Santoro, Andrea, Schiavi, Lilia, Sein, Mariano, Sernia, Virginia, Serra, Leonardo, Sicer, Maximiliano, Smith, Tomas, Soso, Leonardo, Sposetti, Georgina, Steinacher, Andrea, Stival, Jorge, Tedesco, Jorge, Tonin, Hugo, Tortolo, Mauro, Ulla, Maria, Vallejos, Julio, Vico, Marisa, Virgillito, Luciana, Visco, Virginia, Vogel, Daniel, Waisman, Florencia, Zaidman, César, Zucchiatti, Noemi, Badshah, Imran, Cohen, Neale, Colman, Peter, Colquhoun, David, Davis, Timothy, Fourlanos, Spiros, Fulcher, Greg, Hamlyn, Jane, Haywood, Cilla, Hocking, Samantha, Huchinson, Maeve, Jeffries, William, Kyl, Mervyn, Lo, Clement, Mah, PeakMann, Makepeace, Ashley, Marope, Dolly, Nanayakkar, Natalie, Nankervis, Alison, Palmer, Neil, Palolus, Barbara, Pillai, Satish, Price, Sarah, Price, Sarah, Proietto, Joseph, Reutens, Anne, Rodrigo, Natassia, Sheikh, Abdul, Smith, Greg, So, Michelle, Soldatos, Georgia, Stuckey, Bronwyn, Sumithran, Priya, Teede, Helena, Vora, Parind, Williams, Lyn, Abib, Eduardo, Adão Poço, Christiani, Alves, Érica Ferreira, Andreatta Bernardi Barea, Janaina, Avezum Oliveira, Livia, Castro, Denise Ludovico da Costa de, Correa da Cruz, Ivan, Costa, Midiã, Cruz, Ivan, Cunha, Sidney, Da Silva, Marco Antonio Vieira, de Carvalho Camara Bona, Renata, de Paula, Bruna, Eliaschewitz, Freddy, Fazolli, Guilherme, Ferreira Filho, Carlos Alberto, Fortes, Jose, França, Cesar, Franco, Denise Reis, Genestreti, Paulo Roberto, Giorgeto, Flavio, Gonçalves, Rodrigo Marques, Grossman, Michele Elka, Henrique Marcelino, Ana Claudia, Hernandes, Mauro, Horta, Ana, Jaeger, Cristiano, Kaneblai, Midia, Kauffman Rutenberg, Cecilia, Kerr Saraiva, Jose Francisco, Lemos, Maria Angelica, Maia, Lilia, Manenti, Euler Roberto, Marques, Mariana, Melissa Valerio, Cynthia, Moreira, Rodrigo, Mothé, Flávia, Mouco, Osana Maria, Moura, Philip, Moura Jorge, José Carlos, Nakashima, Carlos, Nakazone, Marcelo, Napoli, Thiago, Nunes, Cristiane, Nunes Salles, Joao Eduardo, Oliveira, Karla, Oliveira, Marcela, Pantano, Gracielly de Souza, Petri, Fabio, Piazza, Leonardo, Pires, Andreia Carla, Pizzato, Patricia, Prata, Sergio, Precoma, Dalton, Rech, Rafael, Reis, Gilmar, Reis, Heleno, Resende, Elisabete, Ribas Fortes, Jose, Rodovalho, Sylka, Rossi dos Santos, Fabio, Salles, Joao Eduardo, Sampaio, Célia Regina, Santos, Thiago, Santos dos Santos, Vanessa, Silva e Quadros, Tulio, Silveira, Daniel, Siqueira, Katia Nunes, Teireira, M, Uehara, Marcelo, Valerio, C, Vianna, Henrique, Vidotti, Maria Helena, Visconti, Guilherme de Lima, Zanella, Maria Teresa, Andreeva, Viktoriya, Borisov, Radoslav, Botushanov, Nikolay, Dimitrov, Georgi, Dimova, Kameliya, Dragoychev, Tsvetan, Grigorova, Valentina, Gushterova, Valentina, Ivanov, Ivaylo, Kocelova, Tatyana, Kurktschiev, Dimo, Miletieva, Milena, Nenkova-Gugusheva, Neli, Pancheva, Ralitsa, Pavlova, Maria, Raev, Dimitar, Spasova, Vesela, Stoikov, Anastas, Troev, Dimitar, Yanev, Todor, Yoncheva-Mihaylova, Mariana, Abitbol, Alexander, Ajala, Buki, Alguwaihes, Abdullh, Ardilouze, Jean-Luc, Aris-Jilwan, Nahla, Arnaout, Amel, Aronson, Ronnie, Aslam, Nadeem, Babin, Sandra, Bailargeon, Jean-Patrice, Bailey, Allan, Bajaj, Harpreet, Beauchesne, Christian, Beca, Sorin, Belanger, Andre, Bell, Alan, Bellabarba, Diego, Berard, Lori, Berenbaum, Brian, Bergeron, Vincent, Berlingieri, Joseph, Bernier, Frédéric, Bishara, Phoebe, Blank, David, Blumer, Ian, Brault, Suzanne, Breton, Donald, Carpentier, André, Cha, James, Chandra, Prakash, Chiasson, Jean-Louis, Conway, James R, Couture, Ghyslaine, Couture, Nathalie, Dagenais, Gilles, Datta, Dyotirmoy, D'Ignazio, Giuseppe, Dumas, Richard, Fay, Didier, Frechette, Andre, Frenette, Louise, Fung, Daisy, Gagnon, Nathalie, Galter, Meri, Garon, Jean, Gauthier, Jean Sebastien, Geadah, Christian, Gilbert, Jeremy, Girard, Ronald, Goldenberg, Ronald, Grossman, Loren David, Gupta, Nikhil, Halle, Jean-Pierre, Hivert, Marie-France, Houde, Ghislaine, Houlden, Robyn, Hramiak, Irene, Jablonski, Ted, Jain, Akshay Jain, Khandwala, Hasnain, Khosla, Munish, Lachance, C, Laflamme, Emilie, Langlois, Marie-France, Larivee, Luc, Liutkus, Joanne, Lochnan, Heather, Malik, Saleem, McDonald, Charlotte, Mehta, Pravinsagar, Mihailidis, John, Milot, Alain, Narula, Priya, Nault, Patrice, Nayar, Arun, Nisker, William, Ouellet, Gilles, Palardy, Jean, Patel, Minta, Paul, Terri, Pedersen, Sue, Perron, Patrice, Pesant, Marie-Hélène, Poirier, Paul, Poulin, Marie-Claude, Punthakee, Zubin, Rehman, Waheed, Ross, Stuart, Sagar, P, Saliba, Nouhad, Sandler, Sam, Schiffrin, Alicia, Schlosser, Robert, Seth-Sharma, Anila, Sherman, Mark, Sionit, David, Sivakumar, Tharsan, Soto, Juan, St-Amour, Eric, Steen, Oren, Sussman, Jack, Telner, Adam, Tobe, Sheldon, Twum-Barima, David-Yaw, Van Zanten, Audrey, VanRossum, Nicole, Vecchiarelli, Jonathan, Ward, Rick, Wessengel, John, Weisnagel, Stanley, Wilderman, Igor, Woo, Vincent, Yakubovich, Natalia, Yale, Jean-Francois, Yared, Zeina, Acevedo, Monica, Aguirre, Maria Loreto, Aizman, Andres, Barroso, Maria Soledad, Cobos, Leonardo, Danin Vargas, Alfredo, Descalzi, Barbara, Godoy, Gonzalo, Grumberg, Elio, Lahsen, Rodolfo, Larenas, Gladys, Ortiz, Eugenia, Paredes, Javier, Potthoff, Sergio, Retamal, Eva, Rojas, Luis, Salgado, Manuel, Santibanez, Claudio, Solis, Carmen, Stokins, Benjamin, Accini, Jose, Acebedo, Javier, Agudelo Baena, Lina Maria, Alarcon, Soraya, Angel, Juliana, Arcos, Edgar, Aroca Martinez, M, Atuesta, Leonor, Balaguera, Jose, Ballestas, Doris, Barrera, Sandra Isabel, Barrios Reyes, Rosmy, Bayona, Adolfo, Bermudez, Andres, Bernal, Diego Zarate, Blanquicett, Marco, Bravo, Victor, Bueno, Wendy, Burbano Delgado, Alvaro, Cadena, Alberto, Cadena, Andres, Caicedo, Sandra, Celemin, Carlos, Consuegra, Ricardo, Contreras Pimienta, Cristhian, Corredor, Kelly Johenis, Cure, Carlos, De La Hoz Rueda, Lizeth Dayana, Delgado, Erika, Diaz, Sarahy, Diego, Marta, Donado, Anabell, Encinales Sanabria, William, Escobar, Juliana, Escorcia, Gillian, Forero, Leonardo, Fuentes, Laura, Garcia, Maria, Garcia Lozada, Henry, Garcia Ortiz, Luis, Giraldo, Angela, Gomez Gonzalez, Laura, Granada, Javier, Gutierrez, Corina, Henao, Natalia, Hernandez, Edwin, Herrera Uejbe, Olga Maria, Higuera Cobos, Juan Diego, Ibarra Gómez, Jaime, Jaimes, Edwin Hernandez, Jaramillo, Monica, Jaramillo, Nicolas, Jaramillo Gomez, Carlos, Jaramillo Sanchez, Monica, Jarava Durán, Ivonne, Lopez Ceballos, Catalina, Madrid, Claudia, María Amastha, Elias, Mercado, Jennifer, Molina, Dora Ines, Molina Soto, Jessica, Montoya, Carlos, Morales, Alexander, Muñoz, Carolina, Orozco, Luis Alejandro, Osorio, Oscar, Palmera Sanchez, Jorge Mario, Peña, Adwar, Perez, Jose, Perez Agudelo, Juan, Pérez Amador, Germán, Pertuz, Carlos, Posada, Irina, Puerta, Carlos, Quintero, Adalberto, Quiroz, Diana, Rendon, Carmen, Reyes, Alberto, Reyes, Alvaro, Ripoll, Diana, Rivera, Carlos, Rocha, Maria, Rodriguez, Jose F, Rodriguez Villanueva, Kervis Asid, Rodriguez Zabala, Javier Emilio, Rojas, Sindy, Romero, Maria, Rosero, Ricardo, Rosillo Cardenas, Angelica Rocio, Rueda, Lina, Sanchez, Gregorio, Sanchez, Tatiana, Sotomayor Herazo, Arístides, Suarez, Monica, Torres, Mariana, Trujillo, Freddy, Urina, Miguel, Van Strahlen, Lazaro, Velandia, Carlos, Velasquez Guzman, Carolina, Velazquez, Elizabeth, Vidal Prada, Tatiana, Yepez Alvaran, Juan Pablo, Zarate, Diego, Andelova, Jana, Benesova, Radka, Buzova, Barbara, Cech, Vladimir, Chodova, Ida, Choura, Miroslav, Dufka, Antonin, Gamova, Andrea, Gorgol, Jakub, Hala, Tomas, Havlova, Hana, Hlavkova, Dagmar, Horanska, Petra, Ilcisin-Valova, Juliana, Jenickova, Petra, Jerabek, Ondrej, Kantorova, Ilona, Kolomaznikova, Katerina, Kopeckova, Iva, Kopeckova, Miroslava, Linhart, Karel, Linhart, Tomas, Malecha, Jan, Malicherova, Emilia, Neubauerova, Dana, Oznerova, Martina, Partys, Radan, Pederzoliova, Eva, Petrusova, Maria, Prymkova, Vera, Racicka, Eva, Reissova, Ida, Roderova, Eva, Stanek, Libor, Striova, Alena, Svarcova, Dana, Svoboda, Petr, Szeghy Malicharova, Emilia, Urge, Jan, Vesely, Ladislav, Wasserburger, Bedich, Wasserburgerova, Hilde, Zahumensky, Emil, Zamrazil, Vaclav, Alawi, Hasan, Anastasiadis, Ernestos, Axthelm, Elisabeth, Bieler, Tasso, Buhrig, Christina, Degtyareva, Elizaveta, Dellanna, Frank, Derwahl, Karl-Michael, Diessel, Stephan, Dogiami, Barbara, Dorn-Weitzel, Kirsten, Ernst, Monika, Faulmann, Grit, Fetscher, Baerbel, Forst, Thomas, Freyer-Lahres, Gabriele, Funke, Klaus, Ganz, Xenia, Gleixner, Christiane, Hanefeld, Christoph, Heinrichs, Sven, Helleberg, Stephanie, Henkel, Elena, Hetzel, Gerd Ruediger, Hoffmann, Caren, Jacob, Frohmut, Jacob, Stephan, John, Franziska, Jonczyk, Antonius, Kamke, Wolfram, Klein, Christiane, Kleinhardt, Martina, Kleophas, Werner, Kosch, Christine, Kreutzmann, Kristin, Kühn, Achim, Lee-Barkey, Young Hee, Lier, Alexander, Maatouk, Sarah, Minnich, Joachim, Mitry, Michael, Muessig, Ilona, Nicula, Diana, Niemann, Martina, Nothroff, Joerg, Ott, Petra, Pfuetzner, Andreas, Pfützner, Andreas, Pistrosch, Frank, Pohl, Wildgard, Prochazkova, Zdenka, Retkowska, Marlena, Rosin, Heiko, Sachsenheimer, Daniela, Samer, Holger, Sanuri, Mazin, Schaefer, Axel, Schaper, Frank, Schulze, Erik-Delf, Schulze, Marita, Schumann, Martina, Segiet, Thomas, Sowa, Veronika, Stahl, Hans-Detlev, Steinfeldt, Franziska, Teige, Madlen, Trieb, Bjoern, Tschoepe, Diethelm, Uebel, Peter, Warken, Bernd, Weigmann, Ingo, Weyland, Klaus, Wilhelm, Klara, Balo, Timea, Balsay, Miklos, Bende, Ilona, Bezzegh, Katalin, Birkus, Zita, Buday, Barbara, Csomai, Melinda, Deak, Laszlo, Dezso, Eniko, Faludi, Peter, Faluvegi, M, Fazekas, Ilona, Feher, Agota, Fejer, Csaba, Finta, Ervin, Fulcz, Agnes, Gaal, Zsolt, Gurzo, Mihaly, Hati, Krisztina, Herczeg, Gabriella, Jozsef, Ildiko, Juhasz, Marta, Keltai, Katalin, Koranyi, Laszlo, Kulcsar, Eniko, Kun, Krisztina, Laczko, Andrea, Literáti-Nagy, Botond, Mezo, Izabella, Mileder, Margit, Moricz, I, Nagy, Károly, Nagybaczoni, Bela, Nemeth, Csaba, Oze, Agnes, Pauer, Jozsef, Peterfai, Eva, Polocsanyi, Bela, Poor, Ferenc, Reiber, István, Salamon, Csaba, Sebestyen, Julia, Torok, Ildiko, Tuu, Marianna, Varga, Andrea, Vass, Viktor, Ahn, Chul Min, Ahn, Chulwoo, ByungWon, Park, Chang, Hyuk-Jae, Chang, Kiyuk, Choi, Eui-Young, Choi, Han Seok, Chung, Jin-Wook, Hong, Bum- Kee, Hong, Young Joon, Hyon, Min Su, Jeong, Myung Ho, Kang, Shinae, Kim, Byeong-Keuk, Kim, Ji-Hyun, Kim, Ju Han, Kim, Kee-Sik, Kim, Kee-Sik, Kim, Moo Hyun, Kim, Pum-Joon, Kim, Soon-Kil, Kim, Yong-Seok, Kim, Young Kwon, Koh, Yoon Seok, Kwon, Hyuck Moon, Lee, Byoung Kwon, Lee, Byung-Wan, Lee, Jin Bae, Lee, Myoung-Mook, Lim, Young-Mee, Min, Pil Ki, Park, Jong Sung, Park, Jongsuk, Park, Keun Ho, Park, Sungha, Pyun, Wook Bum, Rim, Se Joong, Ryu, Dong-Ryeol, Seo, Hong-Seog, Seung, Ki Bae, Shin, Dong-Ho, Sim, Doo Sun, Yoon, Young Won, Andersone, Ilze, Babicka, Kristine, Balcere, Inga, Barons, Roberts, Capkovska, Inguna, Geldnere, Kristine, Grigane, Inese, Jegere, Baiba, Lagzdina, Ilze, Mora, Lija, Pastare, Sigita, Ritenberga, Rota, Romanova, Janina, Saknite, Inta, Sidlovska, Natalja, Sokolova, Jelena, Steina, Sandra, Strizko, Iveta, Teterovska, Dace, Vizina, Brigita, Barsiene, Lina, Belozariene, Gintare, Daugintyte-Petrusiene, Laura, Drungiliene, Nijole, Garsviene, Nijole, Grigiene, Ala, Grizas, Vytautas, Jociene, Virginija, Kalvaitiene, Dalia, Kaupiene, Jugeta, Kavaliauskiene, Jurate, Kozloviene, Dalia, Lapteva, Ilona, Maneikiene, Birute, Marcinkeviciene, Jolanta, Markauskiene, Vaidilija, Meiluniene, Salomeja, Norkus, Almantas, Norviliene, Rita, Petrenko, Vladimiras, Radzeviciene, Ruta, Sakalyte, Gintare, Urbonas, Gediminas, Urbutiene, Skaiste, Vasiliauskas, Donatas, Velickiene, Dzilda, Aguilar, Carlos, Alcocer, Marco, Avalos-Ramirez, Juan Antonio, Banda-Elizondo, Ramiro, Bricio-Ramirez, Rubria, Cardenas Mejia, Karla, Cavazos, Francisco, Chapa, Jesus, Cienfuegos, Erika, De la Peña, Astrid, de la Peña Topete, Gilberto, De los Rios Ibarra, Manuel Odin, Elias, Daniel, Flores-Moreno, Claudia, Garcia Hernandez, Pedro, Gonzalez, Luis Gerardo, Guerra Moya, Rosa Linda, Guerra-Lopez, Arturo, Hernandez Baylon, Raymundo, Herrera Colorado, Carolina, Herrera-Marmolejo, Marisol, Islas-Palacios, Neri, Lopez, Esteban, Lopez, Fernando, Lopez Alvarado, Agustin, Luna Ceballos, Rosa Isela, Morales Villegas, Enrique, Moreno-Virgen, Gualberto, Parra Perez, Rosa Linda, Pascoe Gonzalez, Sara, Peralta-Cantu, Irving, Previn, Roopa, Ramirez, Rosa, Ramirez, Rubria, Ramos Zavala, Maria Guadalupe, Rodriguez, Monica, Salgado-Sedano, Rocio, Sanchez-Aguilar, Ana Claudia, Santa Rosa Franco, Edith, Sauque-Reyna, Leobardo, Suarez Otero, Rodrigo, Torres, Ivonne, Velarde-Harnandez, Enrique, Villagordoa, Juan, Villeda-Espinoza, Efrain, Vital-Lopez, Jorge, Zavala- Bello, Cristian Jair, Baker, John, Barrington-Ward, Elaine, Brownless, Thomas, Carroll, Richard, Carson, Simon, Choe, Michelle, Corin, Andrew, Corley, Brian, Cutfield, Richard, Dalaman, Neelam, Dixon, Paul, Drury, Paul, Dyson, Keith, Florkowski, Chris, Ford, Monica, Frengley, William, Helm, Colin, Katzen, Colin, Kerr, Jane, Khanolkar, Manish, Kim, David, Koops, Renata, Krebs, Jeremy, Leikis, Robert, Low, Kwan, Luckey, Alison, Luke, Richard, Macaulay, Susan, Marks, Rodney, McNamara, Catherine, Millar-Coote, Dean, Miller, Steven, Mottershead, Naomi, Reid, James, Robertson, Narcisa, Rosen, Ian, Rowe, David, Schmiedel, Ole, Scott, Russell, Sebastian, Jeffrey, Sheahan, Davitt, Stiebel, Victoria, Ternouth, Ian, Tofield, Chris, Venter, Dirk, Williams, Michael, Williams, Miles, Wu, Fiona, Young, Simon, Arciszewska, Malgorzata, Bochenek, Anna, Borkowski, Piotr, Borowy, Przemyslaw, Chrzanowski, Tomasz, Czerwinski, Edward, Dwojak, Marek, Grodzicka, Agnieszka, Janiec, Izabela, Jaruga, Joanna, Jazwinska-Tarnawska, Ewa Krystyna, Jedynasty, Krystyna, Juzwiak-Czapiewska, Danuta, Karczewicz-Janowska, Jadwiga, Konieczny, Jan, Konieczny, Marek, Korol, Marek, Kozina, Maciej, Krzyzagorska, Ewa, Kucharczyk-Petryka, Ewa, Laz, Roman, Majchrzak, Anna, Mrozowska, Zdzislawa, Mularczyk, Michal, Nowacka, Elzbieta, Peczynska, Jadwiga, Petryka, Robert, Pietrzak, Radoslaw, Pisarczyk-Wiza, Dorota, Rozanska, Aleksandra, Ruzga, Zofia, Rzeszotarska, Emilia, Sacha, Malgorzata, Sekulska, Marzenna, Sidorowicz-Bialynicka, Anna, Stasinska, Teresa, Strzelecka-Sosik, Agnieszka, Swierszcz, Teresa, Szymkowiak, Katarzyna Miroslawa, Turowska, Olga, Wisniewska, Krystyna, Wiza, Maciej, Wozniak, Iwona, Zelazowska, Katarzyna, Ziolkowska-Gawron, Bernadetta, Zytkiewicz-Jaruga, Danuta, Albota, Adrian, Alexandru, Carmina, Avram, Rodica, Bala, Cornelia, Barbonta, Diana, Barbu, Roxana, Braicu, Daniela, Calutiu, Nicoleta, Catrinoiu, Doina, Cerghizan, Anca, Ciorba, Alina, Craciun, Anca, Doros, Rodica, Duma, Livia, Dumitrache, Ancuta, Ferariu, Ioana, Ferician Moza, Anca, Ghergan, Alexandrina, Ghise, Gheorghe, Graur, Mariana, Gribovschi, Mihaela, Mihai, Bogdan, Mihalache, Laura, Mihalcea, Madalina, Mindrescu, Nicoleta, Morosanu, Magdalena, Morosoanu, Andrea, Mota, Maria, Moza, Anca, Nafornita, Valerica, Natea, Narcisa, Nicodim, Simona, Nita, Cristina, Onaca, Adriana, Onaca, Mircea, Pop, Cristina, Pop, Lavinia, Popa, Amorin, Popescu, Alexandrina, Pruna, Luchiana, Roman, Gabriela, Rosu, Mihaela, Sima, Alexandra, Sipciu, Doina, Sitterli-Natea, Carmen Narcisa, Szilagyi, Iosif, Tapurica, Minodora, Tase, Adrian, Tutescu, Adriana-Carmen, Vanghelie, Luminita, Verde, Ioana, Vlad, Adrian, Zarnescu, Mihaela, Akhmetov, Roman, Allenova, Irina, Avdeeva, Irina, Baturina, Oksana, Biserova, Irina, Bokovin, Nikolay, Bondar, Irina, Burova, Natalia, Chufeneva, Galina, Chumachek, Elena, Demidova, Marina, Demin, Alexander, Drobysheva, Vera, Egorova, Irina, Esenyan, Lev, Gelig, Ekaterina, Gilyarevsky, Sergey, Golshmid, Maria, Goncharov, Arseniy, Gorbunova, Anastasia, Gordeev, Ivan, Gorelysheva, Vera, Goryunova, Tatiana, Grebenshchikova, Irina, Ilchenko, Roman, Ivannikova, Maria, Karabalieva, Saule, Karpeeva, Juliya, Khaykina, Elena, Kobalava, Zhanna, Kononenko, Irina, Korolik, Oxana, Korshunova, Anna, Kostenko, Victor, Krasnopevtseva, Irina, Krylova, Ludmila, Kulkova, Polina, Kuzmina, Irina, Ledyaeva, Alla, Levashov, Sergey, Lokhovinina, Natalia, Lvov, Vadim, Martirosyan, Narine, Nedogoda, Sergey, Nilk, Rostislav, Osmolovskaya, Yulia, Panov, Alexey, Paramonova, Olga, Pavlova, Ekaterina, Pekareva, Elena, Petunina, Nina, Ponamareva, Svetlana, Reshedko, Galina, Salasyuk, Alla, Sepkhanyan, Malvina, Serebrov, Alexandr, Shabelnikova, Olesya, Skvortsov, Andrey, Smirnova, Olga, Spiridonova, Oxana, Strogova, Svetlana, Taratukhin, Evgeny, Tereschenko, Sergey, Trukhina, Lubov, Tsarkova, Olga, Tsoma, Vera, Tumarov, Farid, Tyan, Natalya, Tyurina, Tatiana, Villevalde, Svetlana, Yankovaya, Elena, Zarutskaya, Ludmila, Zenkova, Elena, Badat, Aysha, Bester, Frederik, Blignaut, Suzanne, Blom, Dirk, Booysen, Susan, Boyd, Warren, Brice, Brigitte, Brown, Susan, Burgess, Lesley, Cawood, Reina, Coetzee, Kathleen, Conradie, Hillet, Cronje, Tanja, de Jong, Douwe, Ellis, Graham, Emanuel, Shaunagh, Engelbrecht, Ingrid, Foulkes, Sharne, Fourie, Done, Gibson, Gilbert, Govender, Thirumani, Hansa, Sumayah, Hemus, Allana Colleen, Hendricks, Firzana, Heradien, Marshall, Holmgren, Chantelle, Hoosain, Zaheer, Horak, Emile, Howard, Johannes, Immink, Ignatius, Janari, E., Jivan, Daksha, Klusmann, Karl, Labuschagne, Weik, Lai, Yen-yu, Latiff, Gulam, Lombaard, J., Lottering, Hanlie, Meeding, Ronel, Middlemost, Shirley, Mitha, Haroon, Mitha, Ismail, Mkhwanazi, Sandile, Moodley, Rajendran, Murray, Almeri, Musungaie, Dany, Osman, Yasmin, Peacey, Kirsten, Pillay-Ramaya, Larisha, Pretorius, Catharina, Prozesky, Hans, Sarvan, Mahomed, Scholtz, E, Sebesteny, Attila, Skinner, Bianca, Skriker, Michael, Smit, M, Stapelberg, Anna-Marie, Swanepoel, Nicolaas, Urbach, Dorothea, van Aswegen, Dina, van Zyl, Francois, Van Zyl, Louis, Venter, Esme, Wadvalla, Shahid, Wing, Jeffrey, Wolmarans, Karen, Abreu, Cristina, Aguilà, Pilar, Aguilera, Eva, Alonso, Nuria, Alvarez, Carmen, Cajas, Priscila, Castro, Jose Carlos, Codinachs, Roger, Contreras, Jose, Coves, Maria Jose, Fajardo, Carmen, Ferrer, Juan Carlos, Font, Neus, Garcia, Mar, Gil, Maria Apolonia, Gomez, Fernando, Gomez, Lluis Alberto, Gonzalbez, Jose, Griera, Jose Luis, Masmiquel, Luís, Mauricio, Didac, Narejos Perez, Silvia, Nicolau, Juana Ana, Noheda Contreras, Olga, Olivan, Josefina, Olivares, Josefina, Ortega, Emilio, Pellitero, Silvia, Pertusa, Salvador, Rius, Ferran, Rodriguez, Irene, Sánchez-Juan, Carlos, Santos, Dolores, Soldevila, Berta, Subias, David, Terns, Manel, Trescoli, Carlos, Vilaplana, Judith, Villanueva, Alicia, Albo, Jaan, Antus, Kjell, Axelsson, Mattias, Bergström, Lisa, Binsell-Gerdin, Emil, Boman, Kurt, Botond, Fabian, Dotevall, Annika, Graipe, Anna, Jarnet, C, Kaminska, Jessica, Kempe, Anders, Korhonen, Michael, Linderfalk, Carina, Liu, Bo, Ljungstroem, Karl, Ljungström, Karl, Malmqvist, Lennart, Mellbin, Linda, Mooe, Thomas, Nicol, Peter, Norrby, Anders, Ohlsson, Ake, Rosengren, Annika, Saaf, Jan, Salmonsson, Staffan, Strandberg, Olof, Svensson, Karl-Axel, Tengmark, Bengt-Olov, Tsatsaris, Georgios, Ulvenstam, Anders, Vasko, Peter, Chang, Chwen-Tzuei, Chang, Hsin-Mei, Chen, Jung-Fu, Chen, To-Pang, Chung, Ming-Min, Fu, Chia-Po, Hsia, Te-Lin, Hua, Shih-Che, Kuo, Ming-Chun, Lee, Chia-ln, Lee, I-Te, Liang, Kae-Woei, Lin, Shih Yi, Lu, Chieh-Hsiang, Ma, Wen-Ya, Pei, Dee, Shen, Feng-Chih, Su, Ching-Chieh, Su, Shuo-Wei, Tai, Tsai-Sung, Tsai, Wan-Ni, Tsai, Yi-Ting, Tung, Shih-Chen, Wang, Jun-Sing, Yu, Hui-I, Al-Qaissi, Ahmed, Arutchelvam, Vijayaraman, Atkin, Stephen, Au, Simon, Aye, Myint Myint, Bain, Stephen, Bejnariu, Cristina, Bell, Patrick, Bhatnagar, Deepak, Bilous, Rudy, Black, Neil, Brennan, Ursula, Brett, Barbara, Bujanova, Jana, Chow, Elaine, Collier, Andrew, Combe, Amanda, Courtney, Christopher, Courtney, Hamish, Crothers, James, Eavis, Patrick, Elliott, Jackie, Febbraro, Salvatore, Finlayson, Jim, Gandhi, Rajiv, Gillings, Sharon, Hamling, Jonathan, Harper, Roy, Harris, Tim, Hassan, Kahal, Heller, Simon, Jane, Alison, Javed, Zeeshan, Johnson, Tim, Jones, Stephen, Kennedy, Adele, Kerr, David, Kilgallon, Brian, Konya, Judith, Lindsay, John, Lomova-Williams, Lina, Looker, Helen, MacFarlane, David, Macrury, Sandra, Malik, Iqbal, McCrimmon, Rory, McKeith, Douglas, McKnight, John, Mishra, Biswa, Mukhtar, Racha, Mulligan, Ciara, O'Kane, Maurice, Olateju, Tolu, Orpen, Ian, Richardson, Tristan, Rooney, Desmond, Ross, Shorsha Bae, Sathyapalan, Thozhukat, Siddaramaiah, Naveen, Sit, Lee Euan, Stephens, Jeffrey, Turtle, Frances, Wakil, Ammar, Walkinshaw, Emma, Ali, Asem, Anderson, Robert, Arakaki, Richard, Aref, Omar, Ariani, Mehrdad Kevin, Arkin, David, Banarer, Salomon, Barchini, George, Bhan, Arti, Branch, Kelley, Brautigam, Donald, Brietzke, Stephen, Brinas, Maridez, Brito, Yudit, Carter, Casey, Casagni, Kimberely, Casula, Sabina, Chakko, Simon, Charatz, Seth, Childress, Dale, Chow, Lisa, Chustecka, Malgorzata, Clarke, Subha, Cohen, Lisa, Collins, Barry, Colon Vega, Gildred, Comulada-Rivera, Angel, Cortes-Maisonet, Gregorio, Davis, Matthew, de Souza, Jose, Desouza, Cyrus, Dinnan, Mary, Duffy-Hidalgo, Bobbi, Dunn, Barbara, Dunn, Julia, Elman, Marshall, Felicetta, James, Finkelstein, Stuart, Fitz-Patrick, David, Florez, Hermes, Forker, Alan, Fowler, Wayne, Fredrickson, Sonja, Freedman, Zachary, Gainey Narron, Brooke, Gainey-Ferree, Kristin, Gardner, Michael, Gastelum, Christian, Giddings, Stephen, Gillespie, Eve, Gimness, Michael Paul, Goldstein, Gary, Gomes, Maria, Gomez, Nelson, Gorman, Timothy, Goswami, Ketan, Graves, Arthur, Hacking, Scott, Hall, Charles, Hanson, Lenita, Harman, Sherman, Heber, David, Henry, Robert, Hiner, Janette, Hirsch, Irl, Hollander, Priscilla, Hooker, Thomas, Horowitz, Barry, Hoste, Laura, Huang, Loli, Huynh, Minh, Hyman, Dan, Idriss, Soha, Iranmanesh, Ali, Karounos, Dennis, Kashyap, Moti, Katz, Lois, Kaye, William, Khaiton, Yevgeniy, Khardori, Romesh, Kitchen, Timothy, Klein, Andrew, Knffem, Wendi, Kosiborod, Mikhail, Kreglinger, Nicola, Kruger, Davida, Kumar, Anubhav, Laboy, Ivan, Larrabee, Patricia, Larrick, Laura, Lawson, Donna, Ledet, Mike, Lenhard, James, Levy, James, Li, George, Li, Zhaoping, Lieb, David, Limcolioc, April, Lions-Patterson, Jane, Lorber, Daniel, Lorch, Daniel, Lorrello, Michael, Lu, Peter, Lucas, Kathryn Jean, Ma, Siu-Ling, MacAdams, Michael, Magee, Michelle, Magno, Alexander, Mahakala, Aparna Reddy, Marks, Jennifer, McCall, Anthony, McClanahan, William, McClary, Carole, Melendez, Lydia, Melish, John, Michaud, Deanna, Miller, Christopher, Miller, Neil, Mora, Pablo, Moten, Marriyam, Mudaliar, Sunder, Myrick, Gregory, Narayan, Puneet, Nassif, Mike, Neri, Karena, Newton, Tabitha, Niblack, Patricia, Nicol, Philip, Nyenwe, Ebenezer, Odugbesan, A. Ola, Okorocha, Yolanda, Ortiz Carrasquillo, Ramón, Osei, Kwame, Palermo, Coromoto, Patel, Hiren, Patel, Krishna, Pau, Cindy, Perley, Michael, Plevin, Sanford, Plummer, Elena, Powell, Richard, Qintar, Mohammed, Rawls, Rex, Reyes-Castano, John, Reynolds, Lillian, Richards, Robert, Rosenstock, Julio, Rowe, Caroline, Saleh, Jahandar, Sam, Sony, Sanchez, Alfredo, Sander, Donald, Sanderson, Bruce, Savin, Virginia, Seaquist, Elizabeth, Shah, Jayendra, Shi, Serena, Shivaswamy, Vijay, Shlotzhauer, Tammi, Shore, David, Skukowski, Bobbie, Soe, Kyaw, Solheim, Vesna, Soufer, Joseph, Steinberg, Helmut, Steinsapir, Jaime, Tarkington, Phillip, Thayer, Debra, Thomson, Stephen, Thrasher, James, Tibaldi, Joseph, Tjaden, Jeff, Tores, Oberto, Trence, Dace, Trikudanathan, Subbulaxmi, Ullal, Jagdeesh, Uwaifo, Gabriel, Vo, Anthony, Vu, Kenny, Walia, Damandeep, Weiland, Karen, Whitehouse, Fred, Wiegmann, Thomas, Wyne, Kathleen, Wynne, Alan, Yuen, Kevin, Zaretzky, Joel, Zebrack, James, Zieve, Franklin, and Zigrang, William
Abstract: Three different glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists reduce cardiovascular outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk with high glycated haemoglobin A1c(HbA1c) concentrations. We assessed the effect of the GLP-1 receptor agonist dulaglutide on major adverse cardiovascular events when added to the existing antihyperglycaemic regimens of individuals with type 2 diabetes with and without previous cardiovascular disease and a wide range of glycaemic control.
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

20. Dulaglutide and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes: an exploratory analysis of the REWIND randomised, placebo-controlled trial

Author: Gerstein, Hertzel C, Colhoun, Helen M, Dagenais, Gilles R, Diaz, Rafael, Lakshmanan, Mark, Pais, Prem, Probstfield, Jeffrey, Botros, Fady T, Riddle, Matthew C, Rydén, Lars, Xavier, Denis, Atisso, Charles Messan, Dyal, Leanne, Hall, Stephanie, Rao-Melacini, Purnima, Wong, Gloria, Avezum, Alvaro, Basile, Jan, Chung, Namsik, Conget, Ignacio, Cushman, William C, Franek, Edward, Hancu, Nicolae, Hanefeld, Markolf, Holt, Shaun, Jansky, Petr, Keltai, Matyas, Lanas, Fernando, Leiter, Lawrence A, Lopez-Jaramillo, Patricio, Cardona Munoz, Ernesto German, Pirags, Valdis, Pogosova, Nana, Raubenheimer, Peter J, Shaw, Jonathan E, Sheu, Wayne H-H, Temelkova-Kurktschiev, Theodora, Abella, Mercedes, Alebuena, Andrea, Almagro, Sandra, Amoroso, Eduardo, Anadon, Paula, Andreu, Elizabeth, Aristimuño, Guillermo, Arzadun, Maria, Barbieri, Maria, Barcudi, Raul, Bartolacci, Ines, Bolobanich, Gabriel, Bordonava, Anselmo, Bustamante Labarta, Miguel, Bustos, Betina, Caccavo, Alberto, Camino, Alejandra, Cantero, Maria, Carignano, Maria, Cartasegna, Luis, Cipullo, Marcela, Commendatore, Víctor, Conosciuto, Victoria, Costamagna, Osvaldo, Crespo, Claudia, Cuello, Jose, Cuneo, Carlos, Cusimano, Sandra, Dean, Sofia, Dituro, Claudio, Dominguez, Andrea, Farah, Miguel, Fernandez, Alberto, Fernandez, Florencia, Ferrari, Adriana, Flammia, Patricia, Fuentealba, Jose, Gallardo, Karina Beatriz, Garcia, Celso, Garcia Duran, Ruben, Garrido, Marcelo, Gavicola, Rodolfo, Gerbaudo, Claudio, Gilli, Graciela, Giotto, Ana Paula, Godoy Bolzán, Pedro, Gomez Vilamajo, Oscar, Guerlloy, Fernando, Guridi, Cristian, Gutierrez Garrido, Narcisa, Hasbani, Eduardo, Hermida, Sonia, Hominal, Miguel, Hrabar, Adrian, Ingaramo, Adrián, Izzicupo, Alejandra, Krynski, Mario, Lagrutta, Mariana, Lanchiotti, Paulina, Langhe, Maria, Leonard, Veronica, Llanos, Javier, Lopez Santi, Ricardo, Lowenstein, Jorge, Luquez, Cecilia, Mackinnon, Ignacio, Mana, Melina, Manzur, Sara, Marino, Javier, Martella, Carolina, Martinez, Roger, Matias, Re, Matkovich, Javier, Meritano, Monica, Montaña, Oscar, Mulazzi, María, Ochoa, Juan, Paterlini, Gustavo, Pelagagge, María, Peralta Lopez, Maria Elena, Prado, Aldo, Pruyas, Lorena, Racca, Martín, Ricotti, Carola, Rodriguez, Carolina, Romero Vidomlansky, Mariano, Ronderos, Ricardo, Sadowski, Ana Laura, Sala, Jorgelina, Sánchez, Alejandro, Santoro, Andrea, Schiavi, Lilia, Sein, Mariano, Sernia, Virginia, Serra, Leonardo, Sicer, Maximiliano, Smith, Tomas, Soso, Leonardo, Sposetti, Georgina, Steinacher, Andrea, Stival, Jorge, Tedesco, Jorge, Tonin, Hugo, Tortolo, Mauro, Ulla, Maria, Vallejos, Julio, Vico, Marisa, Virgillito, Luciana, Visco, Virginia, Vogel, Daniel, Waisman, Florencia, Zaidman, César, Zucchiatti, Noemi, Badshah, Imran, Cohen, Neale, Colman, Peter, Colquhoun, David, Davis, Timothy, Fourlanos, Spiros, Fulcher, Greg, Hamlyn, Jane, Haywood, Cilla, Hocking, Samantha, Huchinson, Maeve, Jeffries, William, Kyl, Mervyn, Lo, Clement, Mah, PeakMann, Makepeace, Ashley, Marope, Dolly, Nanayakkar, Natalie, Nankervis, Alison, Palmer, Neil, Palolus, Barbara, Pillai, Satish, Price, Sarah, Price, Sarah, Proietto, Joseph, Reutens, Anne, Rodrigo, Natassia, Sheikh, Abdul, Smith, Greg, So, Michelle, Soldatos, Georgia, Stuckey, Bronwyn, Sumithran, Priya, Teede, Helena, Vora, Parind, Williams, Lyn, Abib, Eduardo, Adão Poço, Christiani, Alves, Érica Ferreira, Andreatta Bernardi Barea, Janaina, Avezum Oliveira, Livia, Castro, Denise Ludovico da Costa de, Correa da Cruz, Ivan, Costa, Midiã, Cruz, Ivan, Cunha, Sidney, Da Silva, Marco Antonio Vieira, de Carvalho Camara Bona, Renata, de Paula, Bruna, Eliaschewitz, Freddy, Fazolli, Guilherme, Ferreira Filho, Carlos Alberto, Fortes, Jose, França, Cesar, Franco, Denise Reis, Genestreti, Paulo Roberto, Giorgeto, Flavio, Gonçalves, Rodrigo Marques, Grossman, Michele Elka, Henrique Marcelino, Ana Claudia, Hernandes, Mauro, Horta, Ana, Jaeger, Cristiano, Kaneblai, Midia, Kauffman Rutenberg, Cecilia, Kerr Saraiva, Jose Francisco, Lemos, Maria Angelica, Maia, Lilia, Manenti, Euler Roberto, Marques, Mariana, Melissa Valerio, Cynthia, Moreira, Rodrigo, Mothé, Flávia, Mouco, Osana Maria, Moura, Philip, Moura Jorge, José Carlos, Nakashima, Carlos, Nakazone, Marcelo, Napoli, Thiago, Nunes, Cristiane, Nunes Salles, Joao Eduardo, Oliveira, Karla, Oliveira, Marcela, Pantano, Gracielly de Souza, Petri, Fabio, Piazza, Leonardo, Pires, Andreia Carla, Pizzato, Patricia, Prata, Sergio, Precoma, Dalton, Rech, Rafael, Reis, Gilmar, Reis, Heleno, Resende, Elisabete, Ribas Fortes, Jose, Rodovalho, Sylka, Rossi dos Santos, Fabio, Salles, Joao Eduardo, Sampaio, Célia Regina, Santos, Thiago, Santos dos Santos, Vanessa, Silva e Quadros, Tulio, Silveira, Daniel, Siqueira, Katia Nunes, Teireira, M, Uehara, Marcelo, Valerio, C, Vianna, Henrique, Vidotti, Maria Helena, Visconti, Guilherme de Lima, Zanella, Maria Teresa, Andreeva, Viktoriya, Borisov, Radoslav, Botushanov, Nikolay, Dimitrov, Georgi, Dimova, Kameliya, Dragoychev, Tsvetan, Grigorova, Valentina, Gushterova, Valentina, Ivanov, Ivaylo, Kocelova, Tatyana, Kurktschiev, Dimo, Miletieva, Milena, Nenkova-Gugusheva, Neli, Pancheva, Ralitsa, Pavlova, Maria, Raev, Dimitar, Spasova, Vesela, Stoikov, Anastas, Troev, Dimitar, Yanev, Todor, Yoncheva-Mihaylova, Mariana, Abitbol, Alexander, Ajala, Buki, Alguwaihes, Abdullh, Ardilouze, Jean-Luc, Aris-Jilwan, Nahla, Arnaout, Amel, Aronson, Ronnie, Aslam, Nadeem, Babin, Sandra, Bailargeon, Jean-Patrice, Bailey, Allan, Bajaj, Harpreet, Beauchesne, Christian, Beca, Sorin, Belanger, Andre, Bell, Alan, Bellabarba, Diego, Berard, Lori, Berenbaum, Brian, Bergeron, Vincent, Berlingieri, Joseph, Bernier, Frédéric, Bishara, Phoebe, Blank, David, Blumer, Ian, Brault, Suzanne, Breton, Donald, Carpentier, André, Cha, James, Chandra, Prakash, Chiasson, Jean-Louis, Conway, James R, Couture, Ghyslaine, Couture, Nathalie, Dagenais, Gilles, Datta, Dyotirmoy, D'Ignazio, Giuseppe, Dumas, Richard, Fay, Didier, Frechette, Andre, Frenette, Louise, Fung, Daisy, Gagnon, Nathalie, Galter, Meri, Garon, Jean, Gauthier, Jean Sebastien, Geadah, Christian, Gilbert, Jeremy, Girard, Ronald, Goldenberg, Ronald, Grossman, Loren David, Gupta, Nikhil, Halle, Jean-Pierre, Hivert, Marie-France, Houde, Ghislaine, Houlden, Robyn, Hramiak, Irene, Jablonski, Ted, Jain, Akshay Jain, Khandwala, Hasnain, Khosla, Munish, Lachance, C, Laflamme, Emilie, Langlois, Marie-France, Larivee, Luc, Liutkus, Joanne, Lochnan, Heather, Malik, Saleem, McDonald, Charlotte, Mehta, Pravinsagar, Mihailidis, John, Milot, Alain, Narula, Priya, Nault, Patrice, Nayar, Arun, Nisker, William, Ouellet, Gilles, Palardy, Jean, Patel, Minta, Paul, Terri, Pedersen, Sue, Perron, Patrice, Pesant, Marie-Hélène, Poirier, Paul, Poulin, Marie-Claude, Punthakee, Zubin, Rehman, Waheed, Ross, Stuart, Sagar, P, Saliba, Nouhad, Sandler, Sam, Schiffrin, Alicia, Schlosser, Robert, Seth-Sharma, Anila, Sherman, Mark, Sionit, David, Sivakumar, Tharsan, Soto, Juan, St-Amour, Eric, Steen, Oren, Sussman, Jack, Telner, Adam, Tobe, Sheldon, Twum-Barima, David-Yaw, Van Zanten, Audrey, VanRossum, Nicole, Vecchiarelli, Jonathan, Ward, Rick, Wessengel, John, Weisnagel, Stanley, Wilderman, Igor, Woo, Vincent, Yakubovich, Natalia, Yale, Jean-Francois, Yared, Zeina, Acevedo, Monica, Aguirre, Maria Loreto, Aizman, Andres, Barroso, Maria Soledad, Cobos, Leonardo, Danin Vargas, Alfredo, Descalzi, Barbara, Godoy, Gonzalo, Grumberg, Elio, Lahsen, Rodolfo, Larenas, Gladys, Ortiz, Eugenia, Paredes, Javier, Potthoff, Sergio, Retamal, Eva, Rojas, Luis, Salgado, Manuel, Santibanez, Claudio, Solis, Carmen, Stokins, Benjamin, Accini, Jose, Acebedo, Javier, Agudelo Baena, Lina Maria, Alarcon, Soraya, Angel, Juliana, Arcos, Edgar, Aroca Martinez, M, Atuesta, Leonor, Balaguera, Jose, Ballestas, Doris, Barrera, Sandra Isabel, Barrios Reyes, Rosmy, Bayona, Adolfo, Bermudez, Andres, Bernal, Diego Zarate, Blanquicett, Marco, Bravo, Victor, Bueno, Wendy, Burbano Delgado, Alvaro, Cadena, Alberto, Cadena, Andres, Caicedo, Sandra, Celemin, Carlos, Consuegra, Ricardo, Contreras Pimienta, Cristhian, Corredor, Kelly Johenis, Cure, Carlos, De La Hoz Rueda, Lizeth Dayana, Delgado, Erika, Diaz, Sarahy, Diego, Marta, Donado, Anabell, Encinales Sanabria, William, Escobar, Juliana, Escorcia, Gillian, Forero, Leonardo, Fuentes, Laura, Garcia, Maria, Garcia Lozada, Henry, Garcia Ortiz, Luis, Giraldo, Angela, Gomez Gonzalez, Laura, Granada, Javier, Gutierrez, Corina, Henao, Natalia, Hernandez, Edwin, Herrera Uejbe, Olga Maria, Higuera Cobos, Juan Diego, Ibarra Gómez, Jaime, Jaimes, Edwin Hernandez, Jaramillo, Monica, Jaramillo, Nicolas, Jaramillo Gomez, Carlos, Jaramillo Sanchez, Monica, Jarava Durán, Ivonne, Lopez Ceballos, Catalina, Madrid, Claudia, María Amastha, Elias, Mercado, Jennifer, Molina, Dora Ines, Molina Soto, Jessica, Montoya, Carlos, Morales, Alexander, Muñoz, Carolina, Orozco, Luis Alejandro, Osorio, Oscar, Palmera Sanchez, Jorge Mario, Peña, Adwar, Perez, Jose, Perez Agudelo, Juan, Pérez Amador, Germán, Pertuz, Carlos, Posada, Irina, Puerta, Carlos, Quintero, Adalberto, Quiroz, Diana, Rendon, Carmen, Reyes, Alberto, Reyes, Alvaro, Ripoll, Diana, Rivera, Carlos, Rocha, Maria, Rodriguez, Jose F, Rodriguez Villanueva, Kervis Asid, Rodriguez Zabala, Javier Emilio, Rojas, Sindy, Romero, Maria, Rosero, Ricardo, Rosillo Cardenas, Angelica Rocio, Rueda, Lina, Sanchez, Gregorio, Sanchez, Tatiana, Sotomayor Herazo, Arístides, Suarez, Monica, Torres, Mariana, Trujillo, Freddy, Urina, Miguel, Van Strahlen, Lazaro, Velandia, Carlos, Velasquez Guzman, Carolina, Velazquez, Elizabeth, Vidal Prada, Tatiana, Yepez Alvaran, Juan Pablo, Zarate, Diego, Andelova, Jana, Benesova, Radka, Buzova, Barbara, Cech, Vladimir, Chodova, Ida, Choura, Miroslav, Dufka, Antonin, Gamova, Andrea, Gorgol, Jakub, Hala, Tomas, Havlova, Hana, Hlavkova, Dagmar, Horanska, Petra, Ilcisin-Valova, Juliana, Jenickova, Petra, Jerabek, Ondrej, Kantorova, Ilona, Kolomaznikova, Katerina, Kopeckova, Iva, Kopeckova, Miroslava, Linhart, Karel, Linhart, Tomas, Malecha, Jan, Malicherova, Emilia, Neubauerova, Dana, Oznerova, Martina, Partys, Radan, Pederzoliova, Eva, Petrusova, Maria, Prymkova, Vera, Racicka, Eva, Reissova, Ida, Roderova, Eva, Stanek, Libor, Striova, Alena, Svarcova, Dana, Svoboda, Petr, Szeghy Malicharova, Emilia, Urge, Jan, Vesely, Ladislav, Wasserburger, Bedich, Wasserburgerova, Hilde, Zahumensky, Emil, Zamrazil, Vaclav, Alawi, Hasan, Anastasiadis, Ernestos, Axthelm, Elisabeth, Bieler, Tasso, Buhrig, Christina, Degtyareva, Elizaveta, Dellanna, Frank, Derwahl, Karl-Michael, Diessel, Stephan, Dogiami, Barbara, Dorn-Weitzel, Kirsten, Ernst, Monika, Faulmann, Grit, Fetscher, Baerbel, Forst, Thomas, Freyer-Lahres, Gabriele, Funke, Klaus, Ganz, Xenia, Gleixner, Christiane, Hanefeld, Christoph, Heinrichs, Sven, Helleberg, Stephanie, Henkel, Elena, Hetzel, Gerd Ruediger, Hoffmann, Caren, Jacob, Frohmut, Jacob, Stephan, John, Franziska, Jonczyk, Antonius, Kamke, Wolfram, Klein, Christiane, Kleinhardt, Martina, Kleophas, Werner, Kosch, Christine, Kreutzmann, Kristin, Kühn, Achim, Lee-Barkey, Young Hee, Lier, Alexander, Maatouk, Sarah, Minnich, Joachim, Mitry, Michael, Muessig, Ilona, Nicula, Diana, Niemann, Martina, Nothroff, Joerg, Ott, Petra, Pfuetzner, Andreas, Pfützner, Andreas, Pistrosch, Frank, Pohl, Wildgard, Prochazkova, Zdenka, Retkowska, Marlena, Rosin, Heiko, Sachsenheimer, Daniela, Samer, Holger, Sanuri, Mazin, Schaefer, Axel, Schaper, Frank, Schulze, Erik-Delf, Schulze, Marita, Schumann, Martina, Segiet, Thomas, Sowa, Veronika, Stahl, Hans-Detlev, Steinfeldt, Franziska, Teige, Madlen, Trieb, Bjoern, Tschoepe, Diethelm, Uebel, Peter, Warken, Bernd, Weigmann, Ingo, Weyland, Klaus, Wilhelm, Klara, Balo, Timea, Balsay, Miklos, Bende, Ilona, Bezzegh, Katalin, Birkus, Zita, Buday, Barbara, Csomai, Melinda, Deak, Laszlo, Dezso, Eniko, Faludi, Peter, Faluvegi, M, Fazekas, Ilona, Feher, Agota, Fejer, Csaba, Finta, Ervin, Fulcz, Agnes, Gaal, Zsolt, Gurzo, Mihaly, Hati, Krisztina, Herczeg, Gabriella, Jozsef, Ildiko, Juhasz, Marta, Keltai, Katalin, Koranyi, Laszlo, Kulcsar, Eniko, Kun, Krisztina, Laczko, Andrea, Literáti-Nagy, Botond, Mezo, Izabella, Mileder, Margit, Moricz, I, Nagy, Károly, Nagybaczoni, Bela, Nemeth, Csaba, Oze, Agnes, Pauer, Jozsef, Peterfai, Eva, Polocsanyi, Bela, Poor, Ferenc, Reiber, István, Salamon, Csaba, Sebestyen, Julia, Torok, Ildiko, Tuu, Marianna, Varga, Andrea, Vass, Viktor, Ahn, Chul Min, Ahn, Chulwoo, ByungWon, Park, Chang, Hyuk-Jae, Chang, Kiyuk, Choi, Eui-Young, Choi, Han Seok, Chung, Jin-Wook, Hong, Bum- Kee, Hong, Young Joon, Hyon, Min Su, Jeong, Myung Ho, Kang, Shinae, Kim, Byeong-Keuk, Kim, Ji-Hyun, Kim, Ju Han, Kim, Kee-Sik, Kim, Kee-Sik, Kim, Moo Hyun, Kim, Pum-Joon, Kim, Soon-Kil, Kim, Yong-Seok, Kim, Young Kwon, Koh, Yoon Seok, Kwon, Hyuck Moon, Lee, Byoung Kwon, Lee, Byung-Wan, Lee, Jin Bae, Lee, Myoung-Mook, Lim, Young-Mee, Min, Pil Ki, Park, Jong Sung, Park, Jongsuk, Park, Keun Ho, Park, Sungha, Pyun, Wook Bum, Rim, Se Joong, Ryu, Dong-Ryeol, Seo, Hong-Seog, Seung, Ki Bae, Shin, Dong-Ho, Sim, Doo Sun, Yoon, Young Won, Andersone, Ilze, Babicka, Kristine, Balcere, Inga, Barons, Roberts, Capkovska, Inguna, Geldnere, Kristine, Grigane, Inese, Jegere, Baiba, Lagzdina, Ilze, Mora, Lija, Pastare, Sigita, Ritenberga, Rota, Romanova, Janina, Saknite, Inta, Sidlovska, Natalja, Sokolova, Jelena, Steina, Sandra, Strizko, Iveta, Teterovska, Dace, Vizina, Brigita, Barsiene, Lina, Belozariene, Gintare, Daugintyte-Petrusiene, Laura, Drungiliene, Nijole, Garsviene, Nijole, Grigiene, Ala, Grizas, Vytautas, Jociene, Virginija, Kalvaitiene, Dalia, Kaupiene, Jugeta, Kavaliauskiene, Jurate, Kozloviene, Dalia, Lapteva, Ilona, Maneikiene, Birute, Marcinkeviciene, Jolanta, Markauskiene, Vaidilija, Meiluniene, Salomeja, Norkus, Almantas, Norviliene, Rita, Petrenko, Vladimiras, Radzeviciene, Ruta, Sakalyte, Gintare, Urbonas, Gediminas, Urbutiene, Skaiste, Vasiliauskas, Donatas, Velickiene, Dzilda, Aguilar, Carlos, Alcocer, Marco, Avalos-Ramirez, Juan Antonio, Banda-Elizondo, Ramiro, Bricio-Ramirez, Rubria, Cardenas Mejia, Karla, Cavazos, Francisco, Chapa, Jesus, Cienfuegos, Erika, De la Peña, Astrid, de la Peña Topete, Gilberto, De los Rios Ibarra, Manuel Odin, Elias, Daniel, Flores-Moreno, Claudia, Garcia Hernandez, Pedro, Gonzalez, Luis Gerardo, Guerra Moya, Rosa Linda, Guerra-Lopez, Arturo, Hernandez Baylon, Raymundo, Herrera Colorado, Carolina, Herrera-Marmolejo, Marisol, Islas-Palacios, Neri, Lopez, Esteban, Lopez, Fernando, Lopez Alvarado, Agustin, Luna Ceballos, Rosa Isela, Morales Villegas, Enrique, Moreno-Virgen, Gualberto, Parra Perez, Rosa Linda, Pascoe Gonzalez, Sara, Peralta-Cantu, Irving, Previn, Roopa, Ramirez, Rosa, Ramirez, Rubria, Ramos Zavala, Maria Guadalupe, Rodriguez, Monica, Salgado-Sedano, Rocio, Sanchez-Aguilar, Ana Claudia, Santa Rosa Franco, Edith, Sauque-Reyna, Leobardo, Suarez Otero, Rodrigo, Torres, Ivonne, Velarde-Harnandez, Enrique, Villagordoa, Juan, Villeda-Espinoza, Efrain, Vital-Lopez, Jorge, Zavala- Bello, Cristian Jair, Baker, John, Barrington-Ward, Elaine, Brownless, Thomas, Carroll, Richard, Carson, Simon, Choe, Michelle, Corin, Andrew, Corley, Brian, Cutfield, Richard, Dalaman, Neelam, Dixon, Paul, Drury, Paul, Dyson, Keith, Florkowski, Chris, Ford, Monica, Frengley, William, Helm, Colin, Katzen, Colin, Kerr, Jane, Khanolkar, Manish, Kim, David, Koops, Renata, Krebs, Jeremy, Leikis, Robert, Low, Kwan, Luckey, Alison, Luke, Richard, Macaulay, Susan, Marks, Rodney, McNamara, Catherine, Millar-Coote, Dean, Miller, Steven, Mottershead, Naomi, Reid, James, Robertson, Narcisa, Rosen, Ian, Rowe, David, Schmiedel, Ole, Scott, Russell, Sebastian, Jeffrey, Sheahan, Davitt, Stiebel, Victoria, Ternouth, Ian, Tofield, Chris, Venter, Dirk, Williams, Michael, Williams, Miles, Wu, Fiona, Young, Simon, Arciszewska, Malgorzata, Bochenek, Anna, Borkowski, Piotr, Borowy, Przemyslaw, Chrzanowski, Tomasz, Czerwinski, Edward, Dwojak, Marek, Grodzicka, Agnieszka, Janiec, Izabela, Jaruga, Joanna, Jazwinska-Tarnawska, Ewa Krystyna, Jedynasty, Krystyna, Juzwiak-Czapiewska, Danuta, Karczewicz-Janowska, Jadwiga, Konieczny, Jan, Konieczny, Marek, Korol, Marek, Kozina, Maciej, Krzyzagorska, Ewa, Kucharczyk-Petryka, Ewa, Laz, Roman, Majchrzak, Anna, Mrozowska, Zdzislawa, Mularczyk, Michal, Nowacka, Elzbieta, Peczynska, Jadwiga, Petryka, Robert, Pietrzak, Radoslaw, Pisarczyk-Wiza, Dorota, Rozanska, Aleksandra, Ruzga, Zofia, Rzeszotarska, Emilia, Sacha, Malgorzata, Sekulska, Marzenna, Sidorowicz-Bialynicka, Anna, Stasinska, Teresa, Strzelecka-Sosik, Agnieszka, Swierszcz, Teresa, Szymkowiak, Katarzyna Miroslawa, Turowska, Olga, Wisniewska, Krystyna, Wiza, Maciej, Wozniak, Iwona, Zelazowska, Katarzyna, Ziolkowska-Gawron, Bernadetta, Zytkiewicz-Jaruga, Danuta, Albota, Adrian, Alexandru, Carmina, Avram, Rodica, Bala, Cornelia, Barbonta, Diana, Barbu, Roxana, Braicu, Daniela, Calutiu, Nicoleta, Catrinoiu, Doina, Cerghizan, Anca, Ciorba, Alina, Craciun, Anca, Doros, Rodica, Duma, Livia, Dumitrache, Ancuta, Ferariu, Ioana, Ferician Moza, Anca, Ghergan, Alexandrina, Ghise, Gheorghe, Graur, Mariana, Gribovschi, Mihaela, Mihai, Bogdan, Mihalache, Laura, Mihalcea, Madalina, Mindrescu, Nicoleta, Morosanu, Magdalena, Morosoanu, Andrea, Mota, Maria, Moza, Anca, Nafornita, Valerica, Natea, Narcisa, Nicodim, Simona, Nita, Cristina, Onaca, Adriana, Onaca, Mircea, Pop, Cristina, Pop, Lavinia, Popa, Amorin, Popescu, Alexandrina, Pruna, Luchiana, Roman, Gabriela, Rosu, Mihaela, Sima, Alexandra, Sipciu, Doina, Sitterli-Natea, Carmen Narcisa, Szilagyi, Iosif, Tapurica, Minodora, Tase, Adrian, Tutescu, Adriana-Carmen, Vanghelie, Luminita, Verde, Ioana, Vlad, Adrian, Zarnescu, Mihaela, Akhmetov, Roman, Allenova, Irina, Avdeeva, Irina, Baturina, Oksana, Biserova, Irina, Bokovin, Nikolay, Bondar, Irina, Burova, Natalia, Chufeneva, Galina, Chumachek, Elena, Demidova, Marina, Demin, Alexander, Drobysheva, Vera, Egorova, Irina, Esenyan, Lev, Gelig, Ekaterina, Gilyarevsky, Sergey, Golshmid, Maria, Goncharov, Arseniy, Gorbunova, Anastasia, Gordeev, Ivan, Gorelysheva, Vera, Goryunova, Tatiana, Grebenshchikova, Irina, Ilchenko, Roman, Ivannikova, Maria, Karabalieva, Saule, Karpeeva, Juliya, Khaykina, Elena, Kobalava, Zhanna, Kononenko, Irina, Korolik, Oxana, Korshunova, Anna, Kostenko, Victor, Krasnopevtseva, Irina, Krylova, Ludmila, Kulkova, Polina, Kuzmina, Irina, Ledyaeva, Alla, Levashov, Sergey, Lokhovinina, Natalia, Lvov, Vadim, Martirosyan, Narine, Nedogoda, Sergey, Nilk, Rostislav, Osmolovskaya, Yulia, Panov, Alexey, Paramonova, Olga, Pavlova, Ekaterina, Pekareva, Elena, Petunina, Nina, Ponamareva, Svetlana, Reshedko, Galina, Salasyuk, Alla, Sepkhanyan, Malvina, Serebrov, Alexandr, Shabelnikova, Olesya, Skvortsov, Andrey, Smirnova, Olga, Spiridonova, Oxana, Strogova, Svetlana, Taratukhin, Evgeny, Tereschenko, Sergey, Trukhina, Lubov, Tsarkova, Olga, Tsoma, Vera, Tumarov, Farid, Tyan, Natalya, Tyurina, Tatiana, Villevalde, Svetlana, Yankovaya, Elena, Zarutskaya, Ludmila, Zenkova, Elena, Badat, Aysha, Bester, Frederik, Blignaut, Suzanne, Blom, Dirk, Booysen, Susan, Boyd, Warren, Brice, Brigitte, Brown, Susan, Burgess, Lesley, Cawood, Reina, Coetzee, Kathleen, Conradie, Hillet, Cronje, Tanja, de Jong, Douwe, Ellis, Graham, Emanuel, Shaunagh, Engelbrecht, Ingrid, Foulkes, Sharne, Fourie, Done, Gibson, Gilbert, Govender, Thirumani, Hansa, Sumayah, Hemus, Allana Colleen, Hendricks, Firzana, Heradien, Marshall, Holmgren, Chantelle, Hoosain, Zaheer, Horak, Emile, Howard, Johannes, Immink, Ignatius, Janari, E., Jivan, Daksha, Klusmann, Karl, Labuschagne, Weik, Lai, Yen-yu, Latiff, Gulam, Lombaard, J., Lottering, Hanlie, Meeding, Ronel, Middlemost, Shirley, Mitha, Haroon, Mitha, Ismail, Mkhwanazi, Sandile, Moodley, Rajendran, Murray, Almeri, Musungaie, Dany, Osman, Yasmin, Peacey, Kirsten, Pillay-Ramaya, Larisha, Pretorius, Catharina, Prozesky, Hans, Sarvan, Mahomed, Scholtz, E, Sebesteny, Attila, Skinner, Bianca, Skriker, Michael, Smit, M, Stapelberg, Anna-Marie, Swanepoel, Nicolaas, Urbach, Dorothea, van Aswegen, Dina, van Zyl, Francois, Van Zyl, Louis, Venter, Esme, Wadvalla, Shahid, Wing, Jeffrey, Wolmarans, Karen, Abreu, Cristina, Aguilà, Pilar, Aguilera, Eva, Alonso, Nuria, Alvarez, Carmen, Cajas, Priscila, Castro, Jose Carlos, Codinachs, Roger, Contreras, Jose, Coves, Maria Jose, Fajardo, Carmen, Ferrer, Juan Carlos, Font, Neus, Garcia, Mar, Gil, Maria Apolonia, Gomez, Fernando, Gomez, Lluis Alberto, Gonzalbez, Jose, Griera, Jose Luis, Masmiquel, Luís, Mauricio, Didac, Narejos Perez, Silvia, Nicolau, Juana Ana, Noheda Contreras, Olga, Olivan, Josefina, Olivares, Josefina, Ortega, Emilio, Pellitero, Silvia, Pertusa, Salvador, Rius, Ferran, Rodriguez, Irene, Sánchez-Juan, Carlos, Santos, Dolores, Soldevila, Berta, Subias, David, Terns, Manel, Trescoli, Carlos, Vilaplana, Judith, Villanueva, Alicia, Albo, Jaan, Antus, Kjell, Axelsson, Mattias, Bergström, Lisa, Binsell-Gerdin, Emil, Boman, Kurt, Botond, Fabian, Dotevall, Annika, Graipe, Anna, Jarnet, C, Kaminska, Jessica, Kempe, Anders, Korhonen, Michael, Linderfalk, Carina, Liu, Bo, Ljungstroem, Karl, Ljungström, Karl, Malmqvist, Lennart, Mellbin, Linda, Mooe, Thomas, Nicol, Peter, Norrby, Anders, Ohlsson, Ake, Rosengren, Annika, Saaf, Jan, Salmonsson, Staffan, Strandberg, Olof, Svensson, Karl-Axel, Tengmark, Bengt-Olov, Tsatsaris, Georgios, Ulvenstam, Anders, Vasko, Peter, Chang, Chwen-Tzuei, Chang, Hsin-Mei, Chen, Jung-Fu, Chen, To-Pang, Chung, Ming-Min, Fu, Chia-Po, Hsia, Te-Lin, Hua, Shih-Che, Kuo, Ming-Chun, Lee, Chia-ln, Lee, I-Te, Liang, Kae-Woei, Lin, Shih Yi, Lu, Chieh-Hsiang, Ma, Wen-Ya, Pei, Dee, Shen, Feng-Chih, Su, Ching-Chieh, Su, Shuo-Wei, Tai, Tsai-Sung, Tsai, Wan-Ni, Tsai, Yi-Ting, Tung, Shih-Chen, Wang, Jun-Sing, Yu, Hui-I, Al-Qaissi, Ahmed, Arutchelvam, Vijayaraman, Atkin, Stephen, Au, Simon, Aye, Myint Myint, Bain, Stephen, Bejnariu, Cristina, Bell, Patrick, Bhatnagar, Deepak, Bilous, Rudy, Black, Neil, Brennan, Ursula, Brett, Barbara, Bujanova, Jana, Chow, Elaine, Collier, Andrew, Combe, Amanda, Courtney, Christopher, Courtney, Hamish, Crothers, James, Eavis, Patrick, Elliott, Jackie, Febbraro, Salvatore, Finlayson, Jim, Gandhi, Rajiv, Gillings, Sharon, Hamling, Jonathan, Harper, Roy, Harris, Tim, Hassan, Kahal, Heller, Simon, Jane, Alison, Javed, Zeeshan, Johnson, Tim, Jones, Stephen, Kennedy, Adele, Kerr, David, Kilgallon, Brian, Konya, Judith, Lindsay, John, Lomova-Williams, Lina, Looker, Helen, MacFarlane, David, Macrury, Sandra, Malik, Iqbal, McCrimmon, Rory, McKeith, Douglas, McKnight, John, Mishra, Biswa, Mukhtar, Racha, Mulligan, Ciara, O'Kane, Maurice, Olateju, Tolu, Orpen, Ian, Richardson, Tristan, Rooney, Desmond, Ross, Shorsha Bae, Sathyapalan, Thozhukat, Siddaramaiah, Naveen, Sit, Lee Euan, Stephens, Jeffrey, Turtle, Frances, Wakil, Ammar, Walkinshaw, Emma, Ali, Asem, Anderson, Robert, Arakaki, Richard, Aref, Omar, Ariani, Mehrdad Kevin, Arkin, David, Banarer, Salomon, Barchini, George, Bhan, Arti, Branch, Kelley, Brautigam, Donald, Brietzke, Stephen, Brinas, Maridez, Brito, Yudit, Carter, Casey, Casagni, Kimberely, Casula, Sabina, Chakko, Simon, Charatz, Seth, Childress, Dale, Chow, Lisa, Chustecka, Malgorzata, Clarke, Subha, Cohen, Lisa, Collins, Barry, Colon Vega, Gildred, Comulada-Rivera, Angel, Cortes-Maisonet, Gregorio, Davis, Matthew, de Souza, Jose, Desouza, Cyrus, Dinnan, Mary, Duffy-Hidalgo, Bobbi, Dunn, Barbara, Dunn, Julia, Elman, Marshall, Felicetta, James, Finkelstein, Stuart, Fitz-Patrick, David, Florez, Hermes, Forker, Alan, Fowler, Wayne, Fredrickson, Sonja, Freedman, Zachary, Gainey Narron, Brooke, Gainey-Ferree, Kristin, Gardner, Michael, Gastelum, Christian, Giddings, Stephen, Gillespie, Eve, Gimness, Michael Paul, Goldstein, Gary, Gomes, Maria, Gomez, Nelson, Gorman, Timothy, Goswami, Ketan, Graves, Arthur, Hacking, Scott, Hall, Charles, Hanson, Lenita, Harman, Sherman, Heber, David, Henry, Robert, Hiner, Janette, Hirsch, Irl, Hollander, Priscilla, Hooker, Thomas, Horowitz, Barry, Hoste, Laura, Huang, Loli, Huynh, Minh, Hyman, Dan, Idriss, Soha, Iranmanesh, Ali, Karounos, Dennis, Kashyap, Moti, Katz, Lois, Kaye, William, Khaiton, Yevgeniy, Khardori, Romesh, Kitchen, Timothy, Klein, Andrew, Knffem, Wendi, Kosiborod, Mikhail, Kreglinger, Nicola, Kruger, Davida, Kumar, Anubhav, Laboy, Ivan, Larrabee, Patricia, Larrick, Laura, Lawson, Donna, Ledet, Mike, Lenhard, James, Levy, James, Li, George, Li, Zhaoping, Lieb, David, Limcolioc, April, Lions-Patterson, Jane, Lorber, Daniel, Lorch, Daniel, Lorrello, Michael, Lu, Peter, Lucas, Kathryn Jean, Ma, Siu-Ling, MacAdams, Michael, Magee, Michelle, Magno, Alexander, Mahakala, Aparna Reddy, Marks, Jennifer, McCall, Anthony, McClanahan, William, McClary, Carole, Melendez, Lydia, Melish, John, Michaud, Deanna, Miller, Christopher, Miller, Neil, Mora, Pablo, Moten, Marriyam, Mudaliar, Sunder, Myrick, Gregory, Narayan, Puneet, Nassif, Mike, Neri, Karena, Newton, Tabitha, Niblack, Patricia, Nicol, Philip, Nyenwe, Ebenezer, Odugbesan, A. Ola, Okorocha, Yolanda, Ortiz Carrasquillo, Ramón, Osei, Kwame, Palermo, Coromoto, Patel, Hiren, Patel, Krishna, Pau, Cindy, Perley, Michael, Plevin, Sanford, Plummer, Elena, Powell, Richard, Qintar, Mohammed, Rawls, Rex, Reyes-Castano, John, Reynolds, Lillian, Richards, Robert, Rosenstock, Julio, Rowe, Caroline, Saleh, Jahandar, Sam, Sony, Sanchez, Alfredo, Sander, Donald, Sanderson, Bruce, Savin, Virginia, Seaquist, Elizabeth, Shah, Jayendra, Shi, Serena, Shivaswamy, Vijay, Shlotzhauer, Tammi, Shore, David, Skukowski, Bobbie, Soe, Kyaw, Solheim, Vesna, Soufer, Joseph, Steinberg, Helmut, Steinsapir, Jaime, Tarkington, Phillip, Thayer, Debra, Thomson, Stephen, Thrasher, James, Tibaldi, Joseph, Tjaden, Jeff, Tores, Oberto, Trence, Dace, Trikudanathan, Subbulaxmi, Ullal, Jagdeesh, Uwaifo, Gabriel, Vo, Anthony, Vu, Kenny, Walia, Damandeep, Weiland, Karen, Whitehouse, Fred, Wiegmann, Thomas, Wyne, Kathleen, Wynne, Alan, Yuen, Kevin, Zaretzky, Joel, Zebrack, James, Zieve, Franklin, and Zigrang, William
Abstract: Two glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists reduced renal outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes at risk for cardiovascular disease. We assessed the long-term effect of the GLP-1 receptor agonist dulaglutide on renal outcomes in an exploratory analysis of the REWIND trial of the effect of dulaglutide on cardiovascular disease.
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

21. LeucoPatch system for the management of hard-to-heal diabetic foot ulcers in the UK, Denmark, and Sweden: an observer-masked, randomised controlled trial

Author: Game, Frances, Jeffcoate, William, Tarnow, Lise, Jacobsen, Judith L, Whitham, Diane J, Harrison, Eleanor F, Ellender, Sharon J, Fitzsimmons, Deborah, Löndahl, Magnus, Dhatariya, Ketan, Chant, Harvey, Spyer, Gill, Donohoe, Mollie, Uchegbu, Elizabeth, Whitelaw, Donald, Nayar, Rahul, Rossing, Peter, Gottlieb, Hans, Michelsen, Morton, Nielsen, Anna Marie, Houlind, Kim, Sørensen, Jan, Henneberg, Eskild, Jørgensen, Bo, Narayanan, Kilimangalam, Kong, Marie-France, Tarik, Ammar, Gandhi, Rajiv, Hariman, Christian, Oguntolu, Victor, Rayman, Gerry, Siddique, Haroon, D'Costa, Ryan, Maguire, Deidre, Aung, Theingi, Holmer, Helene, Catrina, Sergiu-Bogdan, Ogunko, Arthur, Rajbhandari, Satyan, and Russell, David
Abstract: The LeucoPatch device uses bedside centrifugation without additional reagents to generate a disc comprising autologous leucocytes, platelets, and fibrin, which is applied to the surface of the wound. We aimed to test the effectiveness of LeucoPatch on the healing of hard-to-heal foot ulcers in people with diabetes.
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

22. Disparities in Knee and Hip Arthroplasty Outcomes: an Observational Analysis of the ACS-NSQIP Clinical Registry

Author: Cram, Peter, Hawker, Gillian, Matelski, John, Ravi, Bheeshma, Pugely, Andrew, Gandhi, Rajiv, and Jackson, Timothy
Abstract: Disparities in total joint arthroplasty (TJA) have largely been studied in single center studies and using administrative data. Our objective was to investigate differences in TJA outcomes in white men, black men, white women, and black women using a large international registry. We used 2010–2013 data from the ACS-NSQIP to identify four groups of adults (white men, black men, white women, black women) who underwent primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) or total hip arthroplasty (THA). We compared differences in (1) surgical complications (mortality, pulmonary embolism, wound infection, sepsis, blood loss requiring transfusion, myocardial infarction, pneumonia, acute renal failure, and a composite representing occurrence of one or more adverse outcomes) and (2) discharge to a nursing home. We identified 62,075 TKA and 39,334 THA patients. For TKA, 35.3% were white men, 57.2% white women, 1.9% black men, and 5.6% black women. White and black women were significantly more likely to experience our composite outcome when compared to their male counterparts (16.5 and 14.1% for white women and white men; P< .001) (18.3 and 14.3% for black women and black men; P= .002); higher complications for women were explained by higher transfusion rates in women (14.9 vs 12.2% for white women and men, 16.4 vs 11.7% for black; P< .001 for both). For TKA, blacks (compared to whites) and women (compared to men) were significantly more likely to be discharged to a nursing home. Results were similar for THA. In contrast to prior studies, we found that complications after primary TJA were generally similar among white and black men and women with the exception of markedly higher transfusion rates among women of both racial groups.
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

23. ADAM10-mediated ephrin-B2 shedding promotes myofibroblast activation and organ fibrosis

Author: Lagares, David, Ghassemi-Kakroodi, Parisa, Tremblay, Caroline, Santos, Alba, Probst, Clemens K, Franklin, Alicia, Santos, Daniela M, Grasberger, Paula, Ahluwalia, Neil, Montesi, Sydney B, Shea, Barry S, Black, Katharine E, Knipe, Rachel, Blati, Meryem, Baron, Murray, Wu, Brian, Fahmi, Hassan, Gandhi, Rajiv, Pardo, Annie, Selman, Moisés, Wu, Jiangping, Pelletier, Jean-Pierre, Martel-Pelletier, Johanne, Tager, Andrew M, and Kapoor, Mohit
Abstract: Maladaptive wound healing responses to chronic tissue injury result in organ fibrosis. Fibrosis, which entails excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and tissue remodeling by activated myofibroblasts, leads to loss of proper tissue architecture and organ function; however, the molecular mediators of myofibroblast activation have yet to be fully identified. Here we identify soluble ephrin-B2 (sEphrin-B2) as a new profibrotic mediator in lung and skin fibrosis. We provide molecular, functional and translational evidence that the ectodomain of membrane-bound ephrin-B2 is shed from fibroblasts into the alveolar airspace after lung injury. Shedding of sEphrin-B2 promotes fibroblast chemotaxis and activation via EphB3 and/or EphB4 receptor signaling. We found that mice lacking ephrin-B2 in fibroblasts are protected from skin and lung fibrosis and that a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10) is the major ephrin-B2 sheddase in fibroblasts. ADAM10 expression is increased by transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, and ADAM10-mediated sEphrin-B2 generation is required for TGF-β1-induced myofibroblast activation. Pharmacological inhibition of ADAM10 reduces sEphrin-B2 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage and prevents lung fibrosis in mice. Consistent with the mouse data, ADAM10–sEphrin-B2 signaling is upregulated in fibroblasts from human subjects with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. These results uncover a new molecular mechanism of tissue fibrogenesis and identify sEphrin-B2, its receptors EphB3 and EphB4 and ADAM10 as potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of fibrotic diseases.
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

24. Cross-Sectional Contrast Between Individuals With Foot/Ankle vs Knee Osteoarthritis for Obesity and Low Education on Health-Related Quality of Life

Author: Perruccio, Anthony V., Gandhi, Rajiv, Lau, Johnny T. C., Syed, Khalid A., Mahomed, Nizar N., and Rampersaud, Y. Raja
Abstract: Background: Improving health-related quality of life (HRQoL) necessitates an understanding of the influence of patient characteristics on, and interrelationship among, HRQoL domains. In osteoarthritis (OA), these associations have predominantly been examined in hip/knee populations. We investigated whether there were differences in these associations between foot/ankle and knee OA samples.Methods: Individuals seeking orthopedic care for foot/ankle or knee OA completed a questionnaire pre-consultation, including HRQoL domains (bodily pain [BP], physical [PF] and social functioning [SF], and mental [MH] and general health [GH]), obesity, comorbidity, and sociodemographic characteristics. Associations were examined via stratified path analysis (foot/ankle vs knee). Foot/ankle: n = 180, mean age = 55 (range: 25 to 82), 52% female. Knee: n = 253, mean age = 62 (range: 26 to 92), 51% female.Results: The interrelationship among HRQoL domains was generally similar between groups. However, the influence of patient characteristics differed. Low educational status was associated with worse scores for GH, MH, and SF in the foot/ankle group, whereas no significant effects were found in the knee group. Obesity was associated with worse scores for SF, BP, and GH in the foot/ankle compared to the knee group. Patient characteristics explained considerably more of the variation in domain scores in the foot/ankle group.Conclusion: There are significant differences in the impact of patient characteristics on HRQoL domains in foot/ankle versus knee OA patients. Therefore, a universal approach to patient education/intervention to improve HRQoL in lower-extremity OA is not likely to achieve optimal results. Based on these findings, we recommend joint-specific patient education, with a particular emphasis on patient characteristics among the foot/ankle OA population.Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective comparative study.
Published: 2016
Full Text: View/download PDF

25. Identification of a differential metabolite-based signature in patients with late-stage knee osteoarthritis

Author: Rockel, Jason S., Layeghifard, Mehdi, Rampersaud, Y. Raja, Perruccio, Anthony V., Mahomed, Nizar N., Davey, J. Roderick, Syed, Khalid, Gandhi, Rajiv, and Kapoor, Mohit
Abstract: Multiple disease phenotypes have been identified in knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients based on anthropometric, sociodemographic and clinical factors; however, differential systemic metabolite-based signatures in OA patients are not well understood. We sought to identify differential plasma metabolome signatures in a cross-sectional sample of late-stage knee OA patients.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

26. Selective Nonoperative Management in 1106 Patients With Abdominal Gunshot Wounds

Author: Navsaria, Pradeep H., Nicol, Andrew J., Edu, Sorin, Gandhi, Rajiv, and Ball, Chad G.
Abstract: The primary aim of this study was to delineate the role of computed tomography (CT) in patients undergoing NOM for AGSW.
Published: 2015
Full Text: View/download PDF

27. BMP-2 mRNA Expression After Endothelial Progenitor Cell Therapy for Fracture Healing

Author: Li, Ru, Nauth, Aaron, Gandhi, Rajiv, Syed, Khalid, and Schemitsch, Emil H.
Abstract: Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) represent a population of novel precursor cells with known ability to participate in angiogenesis. Our previous studies have shown that local EPC therapy significantly increased angiogenesis and osteogenesis to promote fracture healing in an animal bone defect model. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which EPC therapy promotes fracture healing remain largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to quantify local bone morphogenetic protein (BMP-2) expression after EPC therapy for a rat segmental bone defect, in hopes of further defining the potential mechanisms by which EPCs promote fracture healing.
Published: 2014
Full Text: View/download PDF

28. Plasma Adipokine Levels and Their Association with Overall Burden of Painful Joints among Individuals with Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis

Author: Perruccio, Anthony V., Mahomed, Nizar N., Chandran, Vinod, and Gandhi, Rajiv
Abstract: Objective.To investigate the association between plasma adipokine levels and the burden of painful joints among individuals with hip and knee osteoarthritis (OA).Methods.Adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, adipsin, resistin) were determined by ELISA (n = 78). Individuals reported painful joints on a homunculus. Associations were examined by sex-stratified Poisson analyses.Results.Adjusted for age, body mass index, and hip/knee OA, higher leptin and adiponectin and lower adipsin levels were associated with greater painful joint burden (i.e., counts) among women (p < 0.01). Among men, higher resistin levels were associated with lower counts (p = 0.03).Conclusion.Findings support the likelihood of a systemic-dependent sex-specific pain burden among individuals with OA.
Published: 2014
Full Text: View/download PDF

29. Circulating microRNAs differentiate fast-progressing from slow-progressing and non-progressing knee osteoarthritis in the Osteoarthritis Initiative cohort

Author: Ali, Shabana Amanda, Espin-Garcia, Osvaldo, Wong, Andy K., Potla, Pratibha, Pastrello, Chiara, McIntyre, Madison, Lively, Starlee, Jurisica, Igor, Gandhi, Rajiv, and Kapoor, Mohit
Abstract: Introduction: The objective of this study is to identify circulating microRNAs that distinguish fast-progressing radiographic knee osteoarthritis (OA) in the Osteoarthritis Initiative cohort by applying microRNA-sequencing.Methods: Participants with Kellgren–Lawrence (KL) grade 0/1 at baseline were included (N= 106). Fast-progressors were defined by an increase to KL 3/4 by 4-year follow-up (N= 20), whereas slow-progressors showed an increase to KL 2/3/4 only at 8-year follow-up (N= 35). Non-progressors remained at KL 0/1 by 8-year follow-up (N= 51). MicroRNA-sequencing was performed on plasma collected at baseline and 4-year follow-up from the same participants. Negative binomial models were fitted to identify differentially expressed (DE) microRNAs. Penalized logistic regression (PLR) analyses were performed to select combinations of DE microRNAs that distinguished fast-progressors. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) were constructed to evaluate predictive ability.Results: DE analyses revealed 48 microRNAs at baseline and 2 microRNAs at 4-year follow-up [false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05] comparing fast-progressors with both slow-progressors and non-progressors. Among these were hsa-miR-320b, hsa-miR-320c, hsa-miR-320d, and hsa-miR-320e, which were predicted to target gene families, including members of the 14-3-3 gene family, involved in signal transduction. PLR models included miR-320 members as top predictors of fast-progressors and yielded AUC ranging from 82.6 to 91.9, representing good accuracy.Conclusion: The miR-320 family is associated with fast-progressing radiographic knee OA and merits further investigation as potential biomarkers and mechanistic drivers of knee OA.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

30. Microarray Analysis of the Infrapatellar Fat Pad in Knee Osteoarthritis: Relationship with Joint Inflammation

Author: GANDHI, RAJIV, TAKAHASHI, MARK, VIRTANEN, CARL, SYED, KHALID, DAVEY, J. RODERICK, and MAHOMED, NIZAR N.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine differences in genes involved in fat metabolism, energy homeostasis, adipogenesis, and inflammation between endstage and early-stage knee osteoarthritis (OA) infrapatellar fat pads (IFP). METHODS: Twenty-nine endstage and 5 early-stage primary OA IFP were harvested at knee surgery. Total RNA was extracted, labeled, and hybridized to whole-genome expression arrays. Unsupervised analysis of all samples using principal components analysis or 2-way hierarchical clustering showed groupings based on tissue source and disease. Statistical testing identified sets of genes that displayed differences between the 2 fat types. Western blot analysis was performed for protein expression of an identified gene of interest. RESULTS: The 29 IFP demonstrated an elevation in the expression of adipokines such as adiponectin and leptin. A statistically significant increased expression was seen for genes of adipogenesis, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2), cluster of differentiation (CD36), and thyroid hormone responsive spot (THRSP) in the severe OA fat pads as compared to the controls. A subset of 5 patients in the endstage OA group were consistently similar in gene expression to early OA tissue. Protein expression of PPAR-γ2 was 5.4-fold and PPAR-γ1 was 1.4-fold greater in endstage versus early OA tissue. CONCLUSION: Endstage OA fat pads demonstrated a significant upregulation of genes for fat metabolism and energy homeostasis and a mixed result for inflammatory cytokines.
Published: 2011

31. Prevalence of Clinically Significant Improvement Following Total Knee Replacement

Author: ALZAHRANI, KHALID, GANDHI, RAJIV, deBEER, JUSTIN, PETRUCCELLI, DANIELLE, and MAHOMED, NIZAR
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Although total knee replacement (TKR) has a high reported success rate, the pain relief and functional improvement after surgery vary. The purpose of our retrospective cohort study was to determine the prevalence of patients showing no clinically important improvement 1 year after TKR, and patient factors that may predict this outcome. METHODS: We reviewed primary TKR registry data that were collected from 2 academic hospitals: the Toronto Western Hospital and the Hamilton Health Sciences Henderson Hospital in Ontario, Canada. Relevant covariates including demographic data, body mass index, and comorbidity were recorded. Knee joint pain and functional status were assessed at baseline and at 1-year followup with the Western Ontario McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and Oxford Knee Score (OKS) to measure the change using the minimal clinically important difference (MCID). Logistic regression modeling was used to identify the predictors of interest. RESULTS: Overall, 11.7% (373/3177) of patients reported no clinically important improvement 1 year after surgery. Logistic regression modeling showed that a greater patient age independently predicted no clinically important improvement on the WOMAC scale 1 year after surgery (p = 0.0003), while being male independently predicted no clinically important improvement on the OKS 1 year after surgery (p = 0.008). CONCLUSION: Awareness of the prevalence of patients who may show no clinically important improvement and factors that predict this outcome will help patients and surgeons set realistic expectations of surgery.
Published: 2011

32. Predicting the Longer-term Outcomes of Total Hip Replacement

Author: GANDHI, RAJIV, DHOTAR, HERMAN, DAVEY, J. RODERICK, and MAHOMED, NIZAR N.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to identify the patient-level predictors (age, sex, body mass index, mental health, and comorbidity) for a sustained functional outcome at a minimum 1 year of followup after total hip replacement (THR). METHODS: We reviewed data from our registry on 636 consecutive patients from 1998 to 2005. Demographic data and the outcome scores of the Western Ontario McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and Medical Outcomes Study Short-form 36 (SF-36) scores were extracted from the database. Longitudinal regression modeling was performed to identify the predictive factors of interest. Fourteen percent of patients were missing outcomes data at 1 year of followup. RESULTS: The mean followup in our cohort was 3.3 years (range 1–6 yrs) and there were no revisions for aseptic loosening performed during this time. Mean clinical outcome scores were found to be relatively constant for the 6 years after surgery. Older age, year of followup, and greater comorbidity were identified as negative prognostic factors for a sustained functional outcome following THR (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Understanding of longterm surgical outcomes should be appropriately used to set realistic patient expectations of surgery.
Published: 2010

33. SUB-COLORING AND HYPO-COLORING INTERVAL GRAPHS

Author: GANDHI, RAJIV, GREENING, BRADFORD, PEMMARAJU, SRIRAM, and RAMAN, RAJIV
Abstract: In this paper, we study the sub-coloringand hypo-coloringproblems on interval graphs. These problems have applications in job scheduling and distributed computing and can be used as "subroutines" for other combinatorial optimization problems. In the sub-coloring problem, given a graph G, we want to partition the vertices of Ginto minimum number of sub-color classes, where each sub-color class induces a union of disjoint cliques in G. In the hypo-coloring problem, given a graph G, and integral weights on vertices, we want to find a partition of the vertices of Ginto sub-color classes such that the sum of the weights of the heaviest cliques in each sub-color class is minimized. We present a "forbidden subgraph" characterization of graphs with sub-chromatic number kand use this to derive a 3-approximation algorithm for sub-coloring interval graphs. For the hypo-coloring problem on interval graphs, we first show that it is NP-complete, and then via reduction to the max-coloring problem, show how to obtain an O(logn)-approximation algorithm for it.
Published: 2010

34. Metabolic Syndrome and the Functional Outcomes of Hip and Knee Arthroplasty

Author: GANDHI, RAJIV, RAZAK, FAHAD, DAVEY, J. RODERICK, and MAHOMED, NIZAR N.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Patients with an elevated systemic inflammatory state are known to report greater pain with knee osteoarthritis (OA). We investigated the influence of risk factors of metabolic syndrome (MetS) on patient function before and after hip and knee replacement surgery. METHODS: A total of 677 consecutive patients with primary knee replacement and 547 consecutive patients with primary hip replacement with at least one MetS risk factor were reviewed from our joint registry. Demographic variables of age, sex, and comorbidity were retrieved. MetS risk factors were defined as body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m2, diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia. Baseline and 1-year Western Ontario McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores were compared across patients by number of MetS risk factors, ranging from 1 to 4. Linear regression modeling was used to evaluate the effects of the MetS risk groups and the individual metabolic abnormalities on predicting baseline and 1-year WOMAC scores. Knee and hip patients were reviewed separately. RESULTS: The knee and hip patients showed a significant difference in sex distribution, BMI, and mean comorbidity across risk groups (p < 0.05). Unadjusted analysis showed that baseline and 1-year WOMAC scores, for both knee and hip patients, increased significantly with increasing number of MetS risk factors (p < 0.05). The linear regression model with the individual metabolic abnormalities was found to be more predictive of outcome than one with the number of MetS risk factors. Hypertension and obesity were the metabolic factors most predictive of a poorer outcome following hip surgery as compared to just obesity for knee patients. CONCLUSION: Patient function following joint replacement surgery, particularly hip surgery, is negatively affected by metabolic abnormalities perhaps secondary to the systemic proinflammatory state. This knowledge should be used when counseling patients prior to surgery.
Published: 2010

35. Patient expectations of second primary joint replacement surgery

Author: Gandhi, Rajiv, Dhotar, Herman, deBeer, Justin, Davey, J. Rod, and Mahomed, Nizar N.
Abstract: Our primary objective was to identify predictive factors for patient expectations of second primary joint replacement surgery on the contralateral side.
Published: 2010
Full Text: View/download PDF

36. Metabolic Syndrome and the Incidence of Symptomatic Deep Vein Thrombosis Following Total Knee Arthroplasty

Author: GANDHI, RAJIV, RAZAK, FAHAD, TSO, PEGGY, DAVEY, J. RODERICK, and MAHOMED, NIZAR N.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: We asked if patients with metabolic syndrome undergoing total knee replacement (TKR) have an increased risk for symptomatic deep vein thrombosis (DVT) at 3 months followup. METHODS: We reviewed 1460 patients from our joint registry undergoing primary, unilateral TKR between 1998–2006. Demographic variables of age, sex, comorbidity, and education were retrieved. Metabolic syndrome was defined as body mass index above 30 kg/m2, diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia. Logistic regression was used to examine the relationship of metabolic syndrome on the incidence of DVT. RESULTS: The overall incidence of symptomatic DVT was 4.4% (65/1460). Patients with metabolic syndrome had an increased incidence of DVT compared to those without metabolic syndrome (15.5% vs 3.4%). Adjusted analysis showed that the risk of symptomatic DVT in patients with metabolic syndrome was 3.2 times [odds ratio 3.2, 95% CI (1.0,15.4), p = 0.04] the risk in those without metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSION: Hospital protocols developed for prophylactic anticoagulation following TKR should give special consideration to patients with metabolic syndrome.
Published: 2009

37. Greater Perceived Helplessness in Osteoarthritis Predicts Outcome of Joint Replacement Surgery

Author: GANDHI, RAJIV, RAZAK, FAHAD, TSO, PEGGY, DAVEY, J. RODERICK, and MAHOMED, NIZAR N.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if there is a difference between male and female patients in their perceived control of osteoarthritis (OA) symptoms at the time of joint replacement surgery, as measured by the Arthritis Helplessness Index (AHI), and how this helplessness affects surgical outcomes at 1 year. METHODS: From a joint replacement registry, 70 male and 70 female patients were randomly selected and matched for age, body mass index, comorbidity, procedure, and education. Patients completed the AHI prior to surgery. Functional status was assessed at baseline and 1-year followup with the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score. Linear regression modeling was used to determine the effect of sex on predicting AHI scores. A second model was constructed to examine the effect of AHI on the 1-year WOMAC change score. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in demographic data or clinically significant differences in AHI scores between sexes. Linear regression modeling showed that female sex was a significant predictor of a greater AHI score prior to surgery (p < 0.05). Moreover, a greater AHI score was an independent predictor of a lower WOMAC change score at 1 year (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Interventions to improve control over arthritis symptoms should be studied with the goal of improving surgical outcomes.
Published: 2009

38. High tibial osteotomy compared with unicompartmental arthroplasty for the treatment of medial compartment osteoarthritis a meta-analysis

Author: Gandhi, Rajiv, Ayeni, Olufemi, Davey, J Roderick, and Mahomed, Nizar N
Abstract: The objective of our meta-analysis was to compare the clinical outcomes of high tibial osteotomy (HTO) and unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) for the treatment of isolated medial compartment osteoarthritis (OA).
Published: 2009
Full Text: View/download PDF

39. Predicting Patient Dissatisfaction Following Joint Replacement Surgery

Author: Gandhi, Rajiv, Davey, J., and Mahomed, Nizar
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The incidence of patient-reported dissatisfaction following total joint arthroplasty can be up to 30%. Our aim was to identify the preoperative patient-level predictors of patient dissatisfaction 1 year after surgery. METHODS: We surveyed 1720 patients undergoing primary hip or knee replacement surgery. Relevant covariates including demographic data, body mass index, sex, comorbidities, and education were recorded. Joint functional status and patient quality of life were assessed at baseline and at 1-year followup with the Western Ontario McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 (SF-36) scales, respectively. Patient satisfaction with surgery was determined with 4 survey questions at 1-year followup. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in demographic data between satisfied (n = 1290) and dissatisfied patients (n = 430). Logistic regression modeling showed that a lower preoperative SF-36 Mental Health score independently predicted patient dissatisfaction with surgery, adjusted for all relevant covariates (p < 0.05). We found no correlation between patient satisfaction and WOMAC change scores at 1-year followup (p = 0.31). CONCLUSION: Preoperative mental health is an important factor to consider when understanding patient satisfaction with surgery. Interventions to reduce psychological distress prior to surgery should be studied to determine if they may improve subjective outcomes of patients undergoing joint replacement surgery.
Published: 2008

40. Ethnic Differences in the Relationship Between Obesity and Joint Pain and Function in a Joint Arthroplasty Population

Author: Gandhi, Rajiv, Razak, Fahad, and Mahomed, Nizar
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: We investigated the influence of obesity on joint pain and function in Asians as compared to Caucasians with degenerative hip and knee arthritis. METHODS: We surveyed 1983 patients (1876 Caucasians and 107 Asians) undergoing primary hip or knee replacement surgery. Relevant covariates including demographic data, body mass index (BMI), sex, comorbidities, education, and ethnicity were recorded. Pain and joint functional status were assessed at baseline and at 1-year followup with the Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain and function scores. RESULTS: Asian patients presented for surgery at a significantly younger age and lower mean BMI, and reported greater pain and dysfunction than Caucasian patients. Multivariate linear regression modeling showed that for every level of BMI, Asian patients reported greater levels of joint pain and dysfunction. At a BMI of 30 kg/m2, this translated to a 16.6% higher WOMAC score (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Among patients with endstage osteoarthritis, at every level of BMI, joint pain and dysfunction are greater in Asians than in Caucasians. This difference is likely mediated through both mechanical and inflammatory effects.
Published: 2008

41. Ethnicity and Patient's Perception of Risk in Joint Replacement Surgery

Author: Gandhi, Rajiv, Razak, Fahad, Davey, J., and Mahomed, Nizar
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Despite much evidence showing racial disparities in the use of surgical procedures, it is unknown whether ethnicity affects perception of surgical risk. METHODS: We surveyed 1609 patients undergoing primary hip or knee replacement surgery. Relevant covariates including demographic data, body mass index (BMI), sex, comorbidities, education, and ethnicity were recorded. Pain and joint functional status were assessed at baseline and at 1-year followup with the Western Ontario McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain and function scores. Risk perception was assessed with 3 survey questions. RESULTS: Non-European patients had greater functional disability and pain prior to surgery and demonstrated significantly greater perception of risk than European patients (p < 0.001). Independent of other covariates, non-European ethnicity was an independent predictor of a greater perception of risk (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Patient ethnicity is an important factor to consider in understanding a patient's perception of risk in joint replacement surgery.
Published: 2008

42. Productivity Improvement in Public Enterprises

Author: Gandhi, Rajiv
Published: 2006
Full Text: View/download PDF

43. Algorithms for Minimizing Response Time in Broadcast Scheduling

Author: Gandhi, Rajiv, Khuller, Samir, Kim, Yoo-Ah, and Wan, Yung-Chun (Justin)
Abstract: Abstract: In this paper we study the following problem. There are n pages which clients can request at any time. The arrival times of requests for pages are known in advance. Several requests for the same page may arrive at different times. There is a server that needs to compute a good broadcast schedule. Outputting a page satisfies all outstanding requests for the page. The goal is to minimize the average waiting time of a client. This problem has recently been shown to be NP-hard. For any fixed α, 0 < α \le ½, we give a 1/α-speed, polynomial time algorithm with an approximation ratio of 1/(1 – α). For example, setting α = ½ gives a 2-speed, 2-approximation algorithm. In addition, we give a 4-speed, 1-approximation algorithm improving the previous bound of 6-speed, 1-approximation algorithm.
Published: 2004
Full Text: View/download PDF

44. Environment and Development∗

Author: Gandhi, Rajiv
Published: 1987
Full Text: View/download PDF

45. New National Policy on Education

Author: Gandhi, Rajiv
Published: 1986
Full Text: View/download PDF

46. Obesity-related Adipokines and Shoulder Osteoarthritis

Author: GANDHI, RAJIV, TAKAHASHI, MARK, RIZEK, RANDY, DESSOUKI, OMAR, and MAHOMED, NIZAR N.
Published: 2012
Full Text: View/download PDF

47. Effect of autotaxin inhibition in a surgically-induced mouse model of osteoarthritis

Author: Datta, Poulami, Gandhi, Rajiv, Nakamura, Sayaka, Lively, Starlee, Rossomacha, Evgeny, Potla, Pratibha, Shestopaloff, Konstantin, Endisha, Helal, Pastrello, Chiara, Jurisica, Igor, Rockel, Jason S., and Kapoor, Mohit
Abstract: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease with no approved disease modifying therapy. The enzyme autotaxin (ATX) converts lysophoshatidylcholine analogues to lysophosphatidic acid. Systemic inhibition of ATX reduces pain in animal models of OA; however, OA disease-modifying effects associated with ATX inhibition remain unknown. Here, we sought to determine whether local (knee joint) injection of an ATX inhibitor attenuates surgically-induced OA in mice.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

48. An Overview of Non-Alignment

Author: Gandhi, Rajiv
Published: 1987
Full Text: View/download PDF

49. Sex differences in the relationship between individual systemic markers of inflammation and pain in knee osteoarthritis

Author: Perruccio, Anthony V., Badley, Elizabeth M., Power, J. Denise, Canizares, Mayilee, Kapoor, Mohit, Rockel, Jason, Chandran, Vinod, Gandhi, Rajiv, Mahomed, Nizar M., Davey, J. Roderick, Syed, Khalid, Veillette, Christian, and Rampersaud, Y. Raja
Abstract: There are suggestions that the relationship between inflammation and pain in osteoarthritis (OA) may differ by sex, yet studies have been limited. We investigated whether the relationship between knee-specific OA pain and systemic inflammatory markers differs by sex.
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

50. Corrigendum: ADAM10-mediated ephrin-B2 shedding promotes myofibroblast activation and organ fibrosis

Author: Lagares, David, Ghassemi-Kakroodi, Parisa, Tremblay, Caroline, Santos, Alba, Probst, Clemens K, Franklin, Alicia, Santos, Daniela M, Grasberger, Paula, Ahluwalia, Neil, Montesi, Sydney B, Shea, Barry S, Black, Katharine E, Knipe, Rachel, Blati, Meryem, Baron, Murray, Wu, Brian, Fahmi, Hassan, Gandhi, Rajiv, Pardo, Annie, Selman, Moisés, Wu, Jiangping, Pelletier, Jean-Pierre, Martel-Pelletier, Johanne, Tager, Andrew M, and Kapoor, Mohit
Abstract: This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/nm.4419
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources

See catalog results

Searchworks

Select search scope, currently: Articles Catalog books, media & more in Jio Institute collections Articles journal articles & other e-resources

Search

Search Constraints

Refine your results

Search Limiters

Topic

Publication Year Range

Language

Publication Type

Journal

Region

Database

Publisher

58 results on '"Gandhi, Rajiv"'

Search Results

Catalog

Select search scope, currently: Articles

Catalog

books, media & more in Jio Institute collections

Articles

journal articles & other e-resources