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This paper introduces a new fault location method for hybrid AC/DC complex transmission grids containing Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) and Modular Multilevel Converter-High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) lines. Digital Fault Recorders (DFR) in the DC grid cannot observe faults occurring in the AC network and vice-versa. The proposed algorithm accurately locates faults irrespective of their location using a subset of DFRs selected by a K-means clustering method. The algorithm is tested using an AC/DC complex transmission network formed by merging the modified IEEE 39 bus transmission system and the CIGRE B4 DC grid test systems under several fault conditions using EMTP-RV and MATLAB as simulation tools.

This paper presents a generalized fault location algorithm that can locate faults for any type of power network configuration. It enhances previous work presented by the authors by reducing the estimation steps but keeping its robustness and redundancy against traveling wave attenuation by power transformers, bad data, voltage signal errors and the impact of Inverter Based Power Sources (IBPSs). This is accomplished by forming arrays containing the network parameters and time-of-arrivals (ToAs) for fault signals captured by Digital Fault Recorders (DFRs), which are used as inputs to the algorithm to compute the accurate fault localization. The IEEE 39-bus system is used to validate the algorithm under different fault conditions using Electromagnetic Transients Program and Matlab as simulation tools.

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