Search

The article discusses the accomplishments in the immunization agenda 2030 (IA2030) of the World Health Organization (WHO), particularly on the reduction of morbidity and mortality from vaccine-preventable diseases (VPD). Topics include the survival of children who did not receive the first dose of diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis-containing vaccine during the first year of life (DTP1), the measles-containing vaccine (MCV1) and polio vaccine.

The article provides estimates and trends in global, regional, and national vaccination coverage, including vaccination dropouts and the World Health Organization and United Nations Children's Fund estimates of global vaccination coverage. Highlights include the estimated number of children around the world who were not fully vaccinated in 2018, the Expanded Programme on Immunization formed in 1974, and the difference in global measles-containing vaccine dose (MCV)1-MCV2 coverage in 2018.

The article provides estimates of global, regional, and national vaccination coverage and trends as of 2017. The numbers of surviving infants who did not receive the third dose of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis-containing vaccine (DTP3) were presented. The article focuses on the 10 countries in which the largest numbers of children did not receive DTP3 in 2017. The number of children who were not vaccinated with DTP3 declined in five of the 10 countries between 2007 and 2017.

In 2002, the UN General Assembly Special Session on Children adopted a goal to reduce deaths owing to measles by half by the end of 2005, compared with 1999 estimates. We describe efforts and progress made towards this goal.

The COVID-19 pandemic and efforts to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission substantially affected health services worldwide. To better understand the impact of the pandemic on childhood routine immunisation, we estimated disruptions in vaccine coverage associated with the pandemic in 2020, globally and by Global Burden of Disease (GBD) super-region.

In 2020, the World Health Assembly endorsed the Immunization Agenda 2030 (IA2030), the 2021--2030 global strategy for a world in which everyone, everywhere, at every age fully benefits from vaccines. This report reviews trends in WHO and United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) estimates of global, regional and national immunization coverage up to 2022 and documents progress in improving coverage to reduce the number of children who have not received the first dose of a diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis--containing vaccine (DTPcv1) (zero-dose children) worldwide by 50% and to increase coverage with 3 DTPcv doses (DTPcv3). Worldwide, coverage with ≥1 dose DTPcv1 increased from 86% in 2021 to 89% in 2022, remaining below the 90% coverage achieved in 2019. Estimated DTPcv3 coverage increased from 81% in 2021 to 84% in 2022 but also remained below the 2019 coverage of 86%. Worldwide in 2022, 14.3 million children were not vaccinated with DTPcv1, a 21% decrease from 18.1 million in 2021 but an 11% increase from 12.9 million in 2019. Most children (84%) who did not receive DTPcv1 in 2022 lived in low- and lower--middle-income countries. Global immunization rates recovered from the reduced levels associated with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in 2022, but progress was unevenly distributed, especially in lowincome countries. Urgent action is needed to provide incompletely vaccinated children with catch-up vaccinations that were missed during the pandemic, restore national vaccination coverage to pre-pandemic levels, strengthen immunization programmes to build resilience to future unforeseen public health events, and further improve coverage to protect children from vaccine-preventable diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Children's Fund global vaccination coverage estimates that describe change in global and regional coverage as of 2016. Topics mentioned include the global coverage estimates for the third dose of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis-containing vaccine, improvements in national immunization programme performance, and the Expanded Programme on Immunization by WHO.

The article reports on the accomplishments of the World Health Organization (WHO) and its partners in the vaccination of older adults against the coronavirus disease worldwide in 2020-2022. Also cited are WHO's publication of its "Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization (SAGE) Values Framework on the use of COVID-19 vaccines, and a comparative analysis of COVID-19 deaths and mortality rates by age groups.

The article provides an updates on the 2000-2013 report on measles control and describes progress towards global control and regional measles elimination during 200-2014. It notes how the progress towards the 2015 milestones for measles control established by the World Health Assembly (WHA) has slowed since 2010 and cites the need to review present strategies and challenges to the improvement of programme performance and raise awareness of measles elimination as a public health goal.

The article discusses the accomplishments of the Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP) program in eliminating measles in five of six World Health Organization (WHO) regions in 2020. Topics include the Immunization Agenda 2021-2030 (IA2030), the Measles-Rubella Strategic Framework 2021-2030, and the Measles Outbreaks Strategic Response Plan 2021-2023.

Worldwide, it is estimated that there are more than 100 000 infants born with congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) each year. In 1998, standard case definitions for surveillance of CRS and rubella were developed by the World Health Organization (WHO). In 2001, 123 countries/territories reported a total of 836 356 rubella cases. In the future more countries are expected to report on rubella as a global measles/rubella laboratory network is further developed under the coordination of the WHO. Operational research is being conducted to improve rubella surveillance. This includes projects on initiating CRS surveillance, comparative studies on diagnostic laboratory methods, and molecular epidemiology research to expand the global understanding of patterns of rubella virus circulation. In 1996 a WHO survey found that 78 of 214 reporting countries/territories (36%) were using rubella vaccine in their routine immunization services. By the end of 2002 a total of 124 of the 214 counties/territories (58%) were using rubella vaccine. Rubella vaccine use varies by stage of economic development: 100% for industrialized countries, 71% for countries with economies in transition, and 48% for developing countries. A safe and effective rubella vaccine is available, and there are proven vaccination strategies for preventing rubella and CRS. A WHO position paper provides guidance on programmatic aspects of rubella vaccine introduction. The introduction of rubella vaccine is cost-effective and cost-beneficial but requires ongoing strengthening of routine immunization services and surveillance systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the accomplishments by the World Health Assembly (WHA) in its goal to eradicate measles in five of six World Health Organization (WHO) regions by 2020. Also cited are the estimated number of measles deaths and averted deaths in 2000-2019, and the coverage of the first dose of measles-containing vaccine (MCV1) and MCV2 in one-year-old children.

The article presents the World Health Organization's (WHO) progress report on controlling and eliminating regional measles globally from 2000-2017. Topics discussed include immunization coverage in 194 countries, reported incidences of measles, and estimated mortality from measles. Also noted are the WHO activities' contribution to an 83% decline in reported measles incidence and an 80% decline in estimated mortality from measles from 2000-2017.

The article discusses the implementation of the hepatitis B birth dose (HepB-BD) vaccination around the world in 2016 as monitored by the World Health Organization (WHO). Topics include the prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in such regions as Western Pacific, Africa, and Europe, and the possible injection of HepB immune globulin (HBIG) as an adjunct to HepB-BD for newborn infants of mothers with chronic HBV infection.

The article describes progress towards global measles control milestones and regional measles elimination goals from 2000 to 2016. Topics mentioned include a target set by the Fourth United Nations Millennium Development Goal 4 to reduce child mortality by two thirds by 2015, the Global Vaccine Action Plan endorsed by the World Health Assembly in 2012, and a decline in measles-containing vaccine coverage from 2012 to 2016 in the European Region.

The article discusses the 2012-2020 Global Measles and Rubella Strategic Plan of the Measles & Rubella Initiative that calls for effective case-based surveillance with laboratory testing for case confirmation. It cites the establishment of the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Measles and Rubella Laboratory Network (GMRLN), the largest globally-coordinated laboratory network whose purpose is to provide high quality laboratory support for surveillance.

The article discusses the global coverage of the four core vaccines including Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccine (BCG) for protection against tuberculosis, diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine (DTP) and polio vaccine. Topics cited include the introduction of additional vaccines into the national immunization programmes and the Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP) that calls on all countries to reach a target of 90% national immunization coverage of all vaccines.