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AbstractWe examine in this work one of the exact solutions of the conservative transport equation for isotropic scattering in spherical geometry, specifically the solution that is singular at the origin and vanishes at infinity. Two representations are known for that solution: one expressed as an infinite divergent series that is derived from the spherical harmonics method and another given by an integral that results from the technique of integration along the particle path and is confirmed here by the method of characteristics. We establish a connection between these representations by showing that the Borel sum of the first reproduces the latter. We also examine computational aspects of the solution expressed in various forms and discuss some standing issues related to it.

Coral-like structures of the Y3–xPrxFe5–yYbyO12, (0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.04, 0.00 ≤ y ≤ 0.02) compound were synthesized using the sol-gel method. Structural investigation certified the YIG cubic crystal structure formation, without any secondary phase. It is shown that, the relatively large ionic radius of the dopant cations results in an expansion of the lattice parameter, variations in the Iona‒O‒Iondangle, Iona‒O, Iond‒O and Ionc‒O bond distances and decrease in the average crystallite size. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman measurements are essential to testify the single-phase formation of YIG crystal structure and are observed changes in the stretching and vibrational modes, respectively. The morphological study, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) spectra and textural properties show coral-like structures, peaks associated with Pr3+and Yb3+atoms and the effect of dopants on surface area, diameter, and pore volume, respectively. The optical analysis from diffuse reflectance spectra witnessed an increase in the optical gap band, a decrease in Urbach energy and blue shift in the charge transfer, correlated with the expansion of the unit cell due to the dopant's insertion in the YIG structure. A typical ferrimagnetic behavior is exhibited by the Y3–xPrxFe5–yYbyO12compound. The saturation magnetization (Ms), cubic anisotropy constant (K1) and coercive field (Hc) increase with the Pr3+cations content, as consequence of their magnetic nature and distribution around of Fe3+ions due to the coexistence with the Yb3+. Finally, for the first time, antibacterial tests by mean of the direct contact method were performed for YIG co-doped with Pr3+and Yb3+and it is shown that, relatively high dosages of Pr3+cations favored the activity against S. aureus, therefore, a new biological property for YIG doped with rare earths is presented.

Production xylanases at low cost and their storage stability are of utmost importance for the animal feed industry. This work aimed to produce fungal xylanases by solid-state cultivation and to immobilize the enzymes in agricultural residues by spray-drying. The enzymes were obtained by cultivating Myceliophthora thermophilaI-1D3b in sugarcane bagasse and wheat bran at 45 °C and 75% moisture content (w.b.) and the titres were as high as 864 U per gram of dry solids. The physical–chemical activity of the enzyme showed to be of interest for the animal feed industry, as the optimal activity was obtained at pH 5.0 and the optimal temperature at 70 °C. The enzymes were spray-dried using soybean meal, wheat bran, and corn bran as carriers, and the most suitable carrier was soybean meal in terms of residual enzyme activity after drying. The operational conditions for soybean meal were optimized, with the outlet temperature, the liquid flow rate, and the total solid content as variables, and only the total solid content was significant. The highest residual enzyme activity was 130.9% after optimization. Experiments for storage of the dry powders of soybean meal showed that the loss of activity was under 30% for storage times up to 45 days. The results here presented are promising for the reduction of costs of xylanases used as feed enzymes and for their preservation for long periods as a dry powder.

Garadacimab (anti-activated factor XII antibody) demonstrated durable protection against hereditary angioedema (HAE) attacks with favorable long-term safety/tolerability profiles in clinical studies. Pharmacometric analyses assessed the relationship between garadacimab pharmacokinetics (PK) and attack rate (AR).

AbstractThe peach-potato aphid Myzus persicae(Sulzer) and the black bean aphid Aphis fabaeScopoli are polyphagous and cosmopolitan hemipterans, therefore they can infest grapevines in all areas of cultivation. Electrical Penetration Graph (EPG) technique was applied to monitor the probing behavior of A. fabaeand M. persicaeon Vitis amurensisRupr., Vitis ripariaMichaux, and Vitis viniferaL. The content of major flavonoids and stilbenoids in grapevine leaves and epidermal thickness, distance between abaxial leaf surface and phloem, and the simulated shortest pathway from epidermis to phloem that might have affected aphid probing were also analyzed. Aphid probing was limited mainly to non-vascular tissues on the three studied grapevine species. Phloem phase occurred in 32%, 14%, and 6% of A. fabaeand in 76%, 39%, and 74% of M. persicaeon V. amurensis, V. ripariaand V. vinifera, respectively. Phloem phase consisted of only salivation into sieve elements and lasted less than 2.5 minutes on average in all aphids. The time to reach the first phloem phase on grapevines was 5.0 hours in A. fabaeand 2.6–3.6 hours in M. persicae. Of the analyzed flavonoids, catechin, epicatechin, and quercetin occurred in all grapevine species, while rutin – in V. amurensisand V. ripariaand isorhamnetin only in V. amurensis. Of the analyzed stilbenoids, piceid occurred in all grapevines, resveratrol in V. amurensisand V. vinifera, and ε-viniferin only in V. vinifera. Aphid behavior demonstrated that V. amurensis, V. ripariaand V. viniferaare not attractive host plants to A. fabaeand M. persicae. It is likely that the content of flavonoids and stilbenoids contributes to the limited susceptibility of the three grapevine species to A. fabaeand M. persicae, while the observed slight differences in the anatomical structure of the leaves seem not significant in this context.

Cryptosporidium is a leading global cause of diarrhoea with many reported outbreaks related to water and zoonotic transmission. This study summarizes data from Public Health Surveillance reports since 2010 in New Zealand to describe exposures associated with human diarrhoea outbreaks caused by Cryptosporidium. We investigate the species and subtypes of cases involved in some of the outbreaks to elucidate transmission routes and the predominant aetiological agents of cryptosporidiosis. For the period 2010–2017, 318 cryptosporidiosis outbreaks were reported in New Zealand resulting in 1634 cases and 20 hospitalizations. The most important mode of transmission was person-to-person (primary infections and secondary or close contacts infections), relating to 260 outbreaks and 1320 cases, followed by 113 outbreaks associated with animals, resulting in 436 human cases. From 2018 to 2021, there were 37 cryptosporidiosis outbreaks associated with 324 cases. We identified the subtypes by using polymerase chain reaction targeting the gp60 gene and the likelihood of mixed subtype infections with the Tracking of Indels by DEcomposition (TIDE) algorithm. Subtype families Ib and Ig of Cryptosporidium hominis and IIa and IId of Cryptosporidium parvum were found among cases; however, C. hominis subtypes occurred in 8 of the 11 outbreaks reviewed where molecular data were available. Examination of the chromatograms showed no mixed subtype infections in the samples assessed. Subtyping data need to be routinely incorporated into national surveillance programmes to better understand the epidemiology, sources, transmission and extent of cryptosporidiosis outbreaks in New Zealand. Our study highlights the value of integrating epidemiological information and molecular typing to investigate and manage clusters of cryptosporidiosis cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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ABSTRACT This paper presents an exhaustive study about the identification and evolution of the mineralogical hydrated phases of ternary Portland cements (TPC), containing thermally activated clay waste (paper sludge) and [...]

ABSTRACT This research work deals with durability aspects of ternary cements containing 79 wt.% ordinary Portland cement (CEM I), 10.5 wt.% coal fly ash and 10.5 wt.% thermally activated paper [...]

ABSTRACT This paper presents for the first time the influence of mixing different thermally activated paper sludges (APS) and fly ash (FA) on the pozzolanic reaction kinetics in APS-FA-Ca[(OH).sub.2] systems [...]

ABSTRACT The texture of the C-S-H gels formed in ternary cement blends containing thermally activated paper sludge (APS), fly ash (FA) from coal combustion and Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) was [...]

AIRSUB is a research project funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology with the aim of exploring the use of advanced underwater robotics technology for the visual inspection [...]

ABSTRACT This work deals with the frost resistance of blended cements containing calcined paper sludge (source for metakaolin) as partial Portland cement replacements. Freeze-thaw tests were performed on blended cement [...]

Abstract The use of paper de-inking sludge in pozzolanic material manufacture permits a disposable residue to be included in the cycle of the materials. A study on the reuse of [...]

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SCARECROW AMY STARED OUT HER bedroom window as the summer sun settled into the flat cornfields, spreading gold fire over the green sea of leaves. Her red hair caught the [...]

Bordering on the Balts are the nations of Estonia. They resemble the Balts in every way but one--women are the ruling sex. Which shows their fall, not just below freedom, [...]

Over the past few decades, neuroimaging has become a ubiquitous tool in basic research and clinical studies of the human brain. However, no reference standards currently exist to quantify individual differences in neuroimaging metrics over time, in contrast to growth charts for anthropometric traits such as height and weight1. Here we assemble an interactive open resource to benchmark brain morphology derived from any current or future sample of MRI data (http://www.brainchart.io/). With the goal of basing these reference charts on the largest and most inclusive dataset available, acknowledging limitations due to known biases of MRI studies relative to the diversity of the global population, we aggregated 123,984 MRI scans, across more than 100 primary studies, from 101,457 human participants between 115 days post-conception to 100 years of age. MRI metrics were quantified by centile scores, relative to non-linear trajectories2of brain structural changes, and rates of change, over the lifespan. Brain charts identified previously unreported neurodevelopmental milestones3, showed high stability of individuals across longitudinal assessments, and demonstrated robustness to technical and methodological differences between primary studies. Centile scores showed increased heritability compared with non-centiled MRI phenotypes, and provided a standardized measure of atypical brain structure that revealed patterns of neuroanatomical variation across neurological and psychiatric disorders. In summary, brain charts are an essential step towards robust quantification of individual variation benchmarked to normative trajectories in multiple, commonly used neuroimaging phenotypes.

AbstractThe analytical discrete ordinates (ADO) method is used to develop a solution to a one-dimensional model of particle transport in ducts that includes wall migration. Particle reemission from the wall is described by a nonlocal, exponential displacement kernel. Since the governing transport equation of the model is not directly amenable to a solution by the ADO method, an alternative transport equation is derived first. For an approximation based on a half-range quadrature of order , the ADO solution of the alternative equation becomes available once techniques of linear algebra are used to solve a quadratic eigenproblem of order for the eigenvalues and eigenvectors. The solution is expressed as a superposition of 4N modes, which are constructed from 2N positive/negative pairs of separation constants (the reciprocals of the square roots of the eigenvalues) and associated eigenvectors. Compatibility conditions that the solution must satisfy in order to also solve the governing equation of the model result in a reduction of the number of relevant modes to 2N + 2, just two in excess of the number of modes in the solution of the problem without wall migration. Highly accurate numerical results for the reflection and transmission probabilities are reported for isotropic and monodirectional incidence.

THE RED STAIR SEAMSTRESSES RACED DEATH to sew Aria into her cloth-of-silver gown. Female dwarves stitched the hems. Ladies-in-waiting did the sleeves and bodice. Pearl trim, silver pins, and ermine [...]

ABSTRACTEnvironmental DNA (eDNA) offers a new avenue for investigating changes in the water microbial community associated with faecal contamination. Faeces in drinking water might include pathogens, which result in serious waterborne diseases in humans. Therefore, drinking water requires comprehensive information about microbial diversity that comes from faecal contamination of different sources to reduce the risk of gastrointestinal diseases. Here, we investigated the microbial diversity of water and faecal samples at 15 recreational campgrounds in New Zealand. In total, 42 faecal (two rabbits, seven ducks, seven ruminants, seven passerines, nine possum and ten Pukeko) and 75 water (37 intakes and 38 taps) samples were analysed using 16S rRNA metabarcoding. Our results suggested that water samples harbour a higher microbial diversity than faeces. Canonical correspondence analysis of bacterial communities and NeighborNet tree of recognised pathogens showed clustering of samples from similar sources. Phylogenetic analyses showed evidence for the presence of Arcobacterand Sulfurospirillumand indicator organisms Escherichiaand enterococci in water, while Campylobacterwas mainly found in faeces. These findings provide novel insights toward understanding the quality of drinking water and allow future use for the identification of faecal contamination in water.

Coronavirus disease-2019 (Covid-19) nonpharmaceutical interventions have proven effective control measures for a range of respiratory illnesses throughout the world. These measures, which include isolation, stringent border controls, physical distancing and improved hygiene also have effects on other human pathogens, including parasitic enteric diseases such as cryptosporidiosis. Cryptosporidium infections in humans are almost entirely caused by two species: C. hominis, which is primarily transmitted from human to human, and Cryptosporidium parvum, which is mainly zoonotic. By monitoring Cryptosporidium species and subtype families in human cases of cryptosporidiosis before and after the introduction of Covid-19 control measures in New Zealand, we found C. hominis was completely absent after the first months of 2020 and has remained so until the beginning of 2021. Nevertheless, C. parvum has followed its typical transmission pattern and continues to be widely reported. We conclude that ~7 weeks of isolation during level 3 and 4 lockdown period interrupted the human to human transmission of C. hominis leaving only the primarily zoonotic transmission pathway used by C. parvum. Secondary anthroponotic transmission of C. parvum remains possible among close contacts of zoonotic cases. Ongoing 14-day quarantine measures for new arrivals to New Zealand have likely suppressed new incursions of C. hominis from overseas. Our findings suggest that C. hominis may be controlled or even eradicated through nonpharmaceutical interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cells of Aspergillus oryzaeIPT-301 rich in fructosyltransferase (FTase) were successfully immobilized by crosslinking with glutaraldehyde and used for the transfructosylation reaction of sucrose. The glutaraldehyde concentration and pH used in the immobilization process were optimized for maximizing the transfructosylation activity (AT) and minimizing the hydrolytic activity (AH). Also, the operational stability and the influence of temperature, pH and sucrose concentration on the enzymatic activities of the free and crosslinked cells were evaluated. Both the maximum ATand minimum AHwere obtained for cells immobilized with glutaraldehyde concentration of 2.1% (v/v) and pH 7.9. Crosslinked cells showed considerably higher AT/AHratio than free cells at several temperatures, pH and sucrose concentrations in the reaction media. Kinetics data suggested that crosslinked cells present higher substrate-enzyme affinity and transfructosylation rate than free cells. Furthermore, after 12 batch reaction cycles the FTase present in the immobilized cell kept 88.9% of its initial AT, demonstrating a considerably higher operational stability than the FTase present in the free cell, which showed 50.3% of its initial AT. These results suggest the potential use of crosslinked cells of Aspergillus oryzaeIPT-301 for the large-scale production of fructooligosaccharides (FOS).

En France, environ 160 000 actes de chirurgie du rachis sont remboursés par an. La chirurgie mini-invasive est apparue dans les années 1980, et avec elle une augmentation de la prise en charge chirurgicale pour les pathologies du rachis (dégénératives, tumorales ou traumatiques). L'objectif principal était d’évaluer l'incidence et la nature des complications survenant au cours de la première année suivant une première chirurgie du rachis en 2018 en France dans le cadre d'une pathologie dégénérative.

Se presenta un caso atípico de epiteliopatía progresiva en ondas consecutiva a tratamiento tópico de una neoplasia intraepitelial conjuntival en 360°. Se usaron colirios de mitomicina (0,2mg/ml) e interferón (1MUI/ml). Presentación atípica con foco limbar principal migratorio, y no claramente delimitado en su sitio horario a través de su evolución. Tratado con flurometolona y lágrimas artificiales, con resultado de resolución completa.

Three-dimensional force microscopy generates atomically resolved 3D images of solid–liquid interfaces. Here, we investigated the components of the interfacial force exerted by a tip on a mica–liquid interface by comparing density functional theory and experiments. The study involved two liquids: an aqueous solution of KCl (polar) and n-octane as a nonpolar solvent. The comparison between theory and experiments shows the presence of oscillatory and monotonically decaying terms. The periodicity of the oscillation arises from entropic effects associated with the molecular packing of the liquid, while its amplitude carries information on the solid surface (substrate and tip)–liquid interactions. The exponent of the monotonic term comes from cohesive interactions between the liquid molecules, while its amplitude reflects the interactions with the solid surfaces.

Parasites sometimes expand their host range and cause new disease aetiologies. Genetic changes can then occur due to host-specific adaptive alterations, particularly when parasites cross between evolutionarily distant hosts. Characterizing genetic variation in Cryptosporidium from humans and other animals may have important implications for understanding disease dynamics and transmission. We analyse sequences from four loci (gp60, HSP-70, COWP and actin) representing multiple Cryptosporidium species reported in humans. We predicted low genetic diversity in species that present unusual human infections due to founder events and bottlenecks. High genetic diversity was observed in isolates from humans of Cryptosporidium meleagridis, Cryptosporidium cuniculus, Cryptosporidium hominis and Cryptosporidium parvum. A deviation of expected values of neutrality using Tajima's D was observed in C. cuniculus and C. meleagridis. The high genetic diversity in C. meleagridis and C. cuniculus did not match our expectations but deviations from neutrality indicate a recent decrease in genetic variability through a population bottleneck after an expansion event. Cryptosporidium hominis was also found with a significant Tajima's D positive value likely caused by recent population expansion of unusual genotypes in humans. These insights indicate that changes in genetic diversity can help us to understand host-parasite adaptation and evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The InSight (Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport) mission landed in Elysium Planitia on Mars on 26 November 2018 and fully deployed its seismometer by the end of February 2019. The mission aims to detect, characterize and locate seismic activity on Mars, and to further constrain the internal structure, composition and dynamics of the planet. Here, we present seismometer data recorded until 30 September 2019, which reveal that Mars is seismically active. We identify 174 marsquakes, comprising two distinct populations: 150 small-magnitude, high-frequency events with waves propagating at crustal depths and 24 low-frequency, subcrustal events of magnitude Mw3–4 with waves propagating at various depths in the mantle. These marsquakes have spectral characteristics similar to the seismicity observed on the Earth and Moon. We determine that two of the largest detected marsquakes were located near the Cerberus Fossae fracture system. From the recorded seismicity, we constrain attenuation in the crust and mantle, and find indications of a potential low-S-wave-velocity layer in the upper mantle.

Mars’s seismic activity and noise have been monitored since January 2019 by the seismometer of the InSight (Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport) lander. At night, Mars is extremely quiet; seismic noise is about 500 times lower than Earth’s microseismic noise at periods between 4 s and 30 s. The recorded seismic noise increases during the day due to ground deformations induced by convective atmospheric vortices and ground-transferred wind-generated lander noise. Here we constrain properties of the crust beneath InSight, using signals from atmospheric vortices and from the hammering of InSight’s Heat Flow and Physical Properties (HP3) instrument, as well as the three largest Marsquakes detected as of September 2019. From receiver function analysis, we infer that the uppermost 8–11 km of the crust is highly altered and/or fractured. We measure the crustal diffusivity and intrinsic attenuation using multiscattering analysis and find that seismic attenuation is about three times larger than on the Moon, which suggests that the crust contains small amounts of volatiles.

The Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model version 6 (WACCM6) is a major update of the whole atmosphere modeling capability in the Community Earth System Model (CESM), featuring enhanced physical, chemical and aerosol parameterizations. This work describes WACCM6 and some of the important features of the model. WACCM6 can reproduce many modes of variability and trends in the middle atmosphere, including the quasi‐biennial oscillation, stratospheric sudden warmings, and the evolution of Southern Hemisphere springtime ozone depletion over the twentieth century. WACCM6 can also reproduce the climate and temperature trends of the 20th century throughout the atmospheric column. The representation of the climate has improved in WACCM6, relative to WACCM4. In addition, there are improvements in high‐latitude climate variability at the surface and sea ice extent in WACCM6 over the lower top version of the model (CAM6) that comes from the extended vertical domain and expanded aerosol chemistry in WACCM6, highlighting the importance of the stratosphere and tropospheric chemistry for high‐latitude climate variability. This manuscript describes the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model Version 6 (WACCM6), a chemistry and climate model which extends up to 140 km in the upper atmosphere. WACCM6 reproduces many important features of the climate system, and the addition of detailed chemistry and the higher than normal model top produces slightly improved simulations of the Arctic region. WACCM6 is a major upgrade to previous versionsWACCM6 can reproduce many modes of variability and trends in the middle atmosphereWACCM6 provides improvements in high‐latitude climate variability at the surface and sea ice extent over a low top model

Exposing individuals to erotic stimuli modifies perceived time horizons, causing subjects to assign greater value to the present than the future. This can be explained by different models, including the theory of visceral factors and evolutionary psychology. Specifically, evolutionary theory analyses the latest reasons as explanatory variables of this behaviour.

The aim of this work is to analyze the robustness and computational effort of particle filter when applied to the attitude and gyro bias estimation problem. The particle filter is based on the sampling method for sequential importance, in which the basic idea is to represent the density function posteriori by a set of random samples (particles) associated with their respective weights. However, after a few interactions, degeneration of particles may occur. To avoid degeneration, the regularized version of the particle filter was applied. In such estimator, the particles with lower weight are discarded and those with greater weight give rise to new particles close to the areas of the highest probability. For analysis, the attitude dynamical model is described by quaternions, and the observation vector, composed by real data of attitude sensors that are on board the CBERS-2 (China–Brazil Earth Resource Satellite). The attitude sensors available are digital sun sensor, infrared Earth sensor, and mechanical gyros. The attitude and bias of gyro estimated by the regularized particle filter are compared with the unscented Kalman filter and the results show that for systems that do not have a high degree of nonlinearity, and under consideration of real data, the unscented Kalman filter has shown better performance than the regularized particle filter.

In this paper, analytical attitude propagators for spin-stabilized satellites are analyzed. For this purpose, external torques are introduced in the motion equations such as solar radiation pressure torque, aerodynamic torque, gravity gradient torque, and magnetic residual and eddy current torques. For the magnetic torques, it used both the dipole and quadripole Earth’s magnetic field models. The obtained analytical solution is applied and compared with actual data for Brazilian data collection satellites SCD1 and SCD2. The results, when a daily data update is applied, based on the INPE-Brazilian Institute for Space Research supplied data, show a good agreement of all involved parameters with the actual deviations in the parameter values within the precision required for the satellite mission. This permits to conclude that the used theory is suitable for the studied problem. Thus, the propagators presented in this work can be applied to predict the rotational motion of spin-stabilized artificial satellites, particularly for SCD1 and SCD2 satellites over the considered time period.

With a provocative new novel and a batch of recent honors, author John Rechy gets sexier all the time With his new novel, The Coming of the Night, John Rechy [...]

After years of struggle, First Run Features thrives with gay and lesbian home video 'If I were making a snort film, I would hope that I was making a gay [...]

There is a direct relationship between bodyweight and risk of diabetes. Lorcaserin, a selective serotonin 2C receptor agonist that suppresses appetite, has been shown to facilitate sustained weight loss in obese or overweight patients. We aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of lorcaserin on diabetes prevention and remission.

Direct, robust, and high-resolution patterning methods are needed to downscale the lateral size of two-dimensional materials to observe new properties and optimize the overall processing of these materials. In this work, we report a fabrication process where the initial microchannel of a few-layer WSe2field-effect transistor is treated by oxygen plasma to form a self-limited oxide layer on top of the flake. This thin oxide layer has a double role here. First, it induces the so-called p-doping effect in the device. Second, it enables the fabrication of oxide nanoribbons with controlled width and depth by oxidation scanning probe lithography (o-SPL). After the removal of the oxides by deionized H2O etching, a nanoribbon-based field-effect transistor is produced. Oxidation SPL is a direct writing technique that minimizes the use of resists and lithographic steps. We have applied this process to fabricate a 5 nm thick WSe2field-effect transistor, where the channel consists in an array of 5 parallel 350 nm half-pitch nanoribbons. The electrical measurements show that the device presents an improved conduction level compared to the starting thin-layer transistor and a positive threshold voltage shift associated to the p-doping treatment. The method enables to pattern devices with sub-50 nm feature sizes. We have patterned an array of 10 oxide nanowires with 36 nm half-pitch by oxidation SPL.

The association between intake of fruits, vegetables, and legumes with cardiovascular disease and deaths has been investigated extensively in Europe, the USA, Japan, and China, but little or no data are available from the Middle East, South America, Africa, or south Asia.

The relationship between macronutrients and cardiovascular disease and mortality is controversial. Most available data are from European and North American populations where nutrition excess is more likely, so their applicability to other populations is unclear.

The relation between dietary nutrients and cardiovascular disease risk markers in many regions worldwide is unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of dietary nutrients on blood lipids and blood pressure, two of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular disease, in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries.

A high-velocity fluid stream ejected from an orifice or nozzle is a common mechanism to produce liquid jets in inkjet printers or to produce sprays among other applications. In the present research, we show the generation of liquid jets of controllable direction produced within a sessile water droplet by thermocavitation. The jets are driven by an acoustic shock wave emitted by the collapse of a hemispherical vapor bubble at the liquid-solid/substrate interface. The generated shock wave is reflected at the liquid-air interface due to acoustic impedance mismatch generating multiple reflections inside the droplet. During each reflection, a force is exerted on the interface driving the jets. Depending on the position of the generation of the bubble within the droplet, the mechanical energy of the shock wave is focused on different regions at the liquid-air interface, ejecting cylindrical liquid jets at different angles. The ejected jet angle dependence is explained by a simple ray tracing model of the propagation of the acoustic shock wave inside the droplet.