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The energy loss of charged particles, including electrons, protons, and α-particles with tens keV initial energy E0, traveling in the hot dense carbon (C) plasma for densities from 2.281 to 22.81 g/cm3and temperatures from 400 to 1500 eV is systematically and quantitatively studied by using the dimensional continuation method. The behaviors of different charged particles are readily distinguishable from each other. Firstly, because an ion is thousands times heavier than an electron, the penetration distance of the electron is much longer than that of proton and α-particle traveling in the plasma. Secondly, most energy of electron projectile with E0< 100 keV deposits into the electron species of C plasma, while for the cases of proton and α-particle with E0< 100 keV, about more than half energy transfers into the ion species of C plasma. A simple decreasing law of the penetration distance as a function of the plasma density is fitted, and different behaviors of each projectile particle can be clearly found from the fitted data. We believe that with the advanced progress of the present experimental technology, the findings shown here could be confirmed in ion-stopping experiments in the near future.

Abstract: The orbital magnetization of the electron gas on a two-dimensional kagomé lattice under a perpendicular magnetic field is theoretically investigated. The interplay between the lattice geometry and magnetic field induces nontrivial k-space Chern invariant in the magnetic Brillouin zone, which turns to result in profound effects on the magnetization properties. We show that the Berry-phase term in the magnetization gives a paramagnetic contribution, while the conventional term brought about by the magnetic response of the magnetic Bloch bands produces a diamagnetic contribution. As a result, the superposition of these two components gives rise to a delicate oscillatory structure in the magnetization curve when varying the electron filling factor. The relationship between this oscillatory behavior and the Hofstadter energy spectrum is revealed by selectively discussing the magnetization and its two components at the commensurate fluxes of f = 1/4, 1/3, and 1/6, respectively. In particular, we reveal as a typical example the fractal structure in the magnetic oscillations by tuning the commensurate flux around f = 1/4. The finite-temperature effect on the magnetization is also discussed.