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Introduction: Bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF) and dolutegravir plus lamivudine (DTG + 3TC) are well tolerated and effective in clinical trials. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of these two schemes in a real-world setting and to obtain the first dataset for switching to BIC/FTC/TAF and DTG + 3TC in a Chinese population. Methods: This retrospective single-center cohort study in China included participants who switched to DTG + 3TC or BIC/FTC/TAF between January 2020 and February 2023. The main endpoint was the proportion of participants with HIV-1 RNA levels of ≥ 50 copies/mL. Safety, tolerance, and the incidence of low-level viremia (LLV) were evaluated. Results: A total of 525 participants were included, 454 of whom were included in the PP analysis. At week 48, the proportions of participants with HIV-1 RNA ≥ 50 copies/mL were 4.4% (10/225) for DTG + 3TC and 6.1% (14/229) for BIC/FTC/TAF; virological efficacy did not differ significantly between the two groups. Consistent results were obtained in an intent-to-treat (ITT) analysis. The incidences of LLV were 3.6% (7/193) and 4.9% (10/206), respectively. During the study, none of the participants stopped taking drugs because of a lack of efficacy or adverse reactions. Conclusions: Both regimens are well tolerated and effective for switching HIV-1 infection therapy. However, the detection of genotypic drug resistance should be considered when baseline virological non-suppression is observed.

Introduction: Ainuovirine/lamivudine/tenofovir is a novel antiretroviral therapy regimen used to treat human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection. This study aimed to compare the pharmacokinetics of ainuovirine/lamivudine/tenofovir in HIV-1-infected patients aged ≥ 65 (elderly patients) and ≤ 40 years (young patients). Methods: This prospective, open-label, parallel controlled clinical study included 15 young and 15 elderly patients. Blood (1 mL) was collected 30 min before dosing and at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 24 h after dosing, to measure the plasma concentrations of ainuovirine/lamivudine/tenofovir. Safety was assessed by monitoring the adverse events, physical examinations, and clinical laboratory tests. Results: Plasma concentrations of each ainuovirine/lamivudine/tenofovir component reached peak levels 1–4 h after dosing and gradually decreased during the remaining observation period. Compared with the young group, ainuovirine had significantly higher T1/2Ke, AUC0–24, and AUC0–inf(all P< 0.05) in the elderly group, whereas Ke(P= 0.002) was significantly lower. However, the Cmaxand Tmaxof ainuovirine did not differ significantly. Lamivudine and tenofovir also had a significantly higher Cmax(p= 0.004 and p= 0.008, respectively) and AUC0–inf(P= 0.014 and P= 0.006, respectively) in the elderly group, whereas there was no significant difference in Tmax, Ke, and T1/2Ke. Ainuovirine/lamivudine/tenofovir was well tolerated in both the young and elderly groups. Conclusion: This study suggests that the ainuovirine/lamivudine/tenofovir regimen might be an effective and safe treatment regimen for HIV-1-infected patients aged ≥ 65 years and ≤ 40 years. Further studies are needed to confirm these results and develop optimal dosing regimens for elderly HIV-1-infected patients.

The release source term of radioactivity becomes a critical foundation for emergency response and accident consequence assessment after a nuclear accident Rapidly and accurately inverting the source term remains an urgent scientific challenge. Today source term inversion based on meteorological data and gamma dose rate measurements is a common method. But gamma dose rate actually includes all nuclides information, and the composition of radioactive nuclides is generally uncertain. This paper introduces a novel nuclear accident source term inversion model, which is Improve Snow Ablation Optimizer-Sensitivity Analysis Pruning Extreme Learning Machine (ISAO-SAELM) model. The model inverts the release rates of 11 radioactive nuclides (I-131, Xe-133, Cs-137, Kr-88, Sr-91, Te-132, Mo-99, Ba-140, La-140, Ce-144, Sb-129). It does not require the use of the physical field of the reactor to obtain prior information and establish a dispersion model. And the robustness is validated through noise analysis test. The mean absolute errors of the release rates of 11 nuclides are 15.52 %, 15.28 %, 15.70 %, 14.99 %, 14.85 %, 15.61 %, 15.96 %, 15.42 %, 15.84 %, 15.13 %, 17.72 %, which show the significant superiority of ISAO-SAELM. ISAO-SAELM model not only achieves notable advancements in accuracy but also receives validation in terms of practicality and feasibility.

Coal mining disturbed land is the main sources of land reclamation in China. With the rapid increase of economy and coal production, more and more land has been disturbed by construction and coal mining; thus, land reclamation has become highlights in the past 10 years, and China is boosting land reclamation in mining areas. Disturbance characteristics vary from region to region, according to natural and geological conditions, coal mining area land reclamation was divided into 3 zones, which are eastern, western and southern. Reclamation strategies are focused on prime farmland protection in eastern and ecological restoration in western and southern zones, respectively. Several innovative reclamation technologies and theories for the past 10 years were introduced in this paper, including concurrent mining and reclamation, Yellow river sediments backfilling, self-reclamation, and topsoil alternatives in opencast mines. Besides, in the government regulation and legal system building respect, several important laws and regulations were issued and implemented in the past 5 years, promoting land reclamation management and supervision greatly. Land reclamation is and will still be one of the most important parts of coal industry in the future, and more efforts and funds are expected to get involved.

To investigate the potential rules and knowledge of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Western Medicine (WM) treatment on chronic urticaria (CU) based on data-mining methods.