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A new optical method for assigning glass viscosity values in the softening temperature range is presented. In this method, an irregular particle, a few millimeters in size, laying on an alumina plate, is heated up to temperature T, and then remains at this temperature. T should be within the softening temperature range of the glass. There are no external applied shear stresses, the only acting shear forces are those coming from the particle's own surface energy. At the fixed temperature T, the surface free energy of the sample decreases by viscous flow while its shape evolves from a polyhedron or irregular shape towards a spherical or rounded shape. This shape evolution is recorded using a photographic camera. From each image, the sample's roundness is determined, obtaining a characteristic time τ from the roundness against time. Simultaneously, using the available software, a value for the viscosity η was calculated, at temperature T, allowing for building sets of T, τ, η, namely three data values. Accordingly, if T, τ are considered as independent variables, a master function η = η (T, τ) can be built. Now, if we measure T, τ data on a glass of an unknown viscosity, the master function makes it possible to assign a η value. When incipient crystallization or liquid–liquid phase separations are present, effective viscosity values are obtained. This method requires a high temperature microscope, as well as tridimmensional samples with a few cubic millimeters of volume. Each isothermal τ determination can take from minutes to several hours. We tested the method with two glasses of known viscosity values: borosilicate glass (VG98) and alumimoborosilicate glass (SG7), both of which are used for radioactive waste immobilization and have assigned log(η) values between 6 and 7.3 with η in Pa s. The discrepancy between the log(η) values assigned here and those values fitted with a VFT function on the values measured for the SG7 and VG98 glasses were within ±14%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Minuartia altoandina has been described as an endemic species for northwestern Argentina, and later transferred to the genus Sabulina. In this contribution and based on morphological observations and molecular data, Sabulina altoandina is proposed here as a heterotypic synonym of Arenaria pycnophylloides, a native species to the high Andean regions of Bolivia and northwestern Argentina; as a consequence, the genus Sabulina is excluded from the Argentinian Flora. On the other hand, A. pycnophylloides var. compacta is synonymized under A. pycnophylloides, and in addition, the name of this variety is lectotypified. A morphological description of A. pycnophylloides and a photographic plate of the taxon are provided to facilitate identification of the species. Additionally, a distribution map of the species is provided and is excluded from the Peruvian Flora. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Broiler meat is the second world's most consumed meat, and the increase in consumption by 2027 is forecasted to be near 35 kg/capita/year. Brazil ranks third in broiler production globally and is the world's largest exporter of chicken meat. To reach proper rearing conditions, broiler farms need to meet good practices of husbandry and welfare. The present study aimed to develop a performance classification model using data mining to evaluate broiler farmers based on detailed flock housing and performance information. The input dataset from 49 broiler farms from a cooperative in Northeastern Brazil was organized with details on the housing characteristics, rearing environment, management, and performance data from flocks. We also added the cooperative technical classification retrieved from the housing conditions and the production index. The input classification had weights attributed to each housing feature. The output variable (target) was defined as the performance classification (PC) index. The dataset was processed using Rapidminer® software using 80% of training and 20% for implementing the random forest algorithm. The prominent variables in classifying the performance were the feed conversion, the daily weight gain, the productivity index, and the cooperative classification criteria. The developed model pointed out a way to auto-classify farms and allow the cooperative to evaluate the farmers' production based on the broiler production and management practices. It was possible to create 'If-Then' rules that enable appropriate decisionmaking by broiler farmers to comply with good practices' norms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the calculation of the short-distance power corrections to the CP-violation parameter εK coming from dimension-8 operators in the ∆S = 2 effective Hamiltonian. A first estimate of this contribution, obtained for large-Nc and in the chiral limit, was provided in ref. [1]. Here we evaluate and include the O m K 2 / m c 2 and O Λ QCD 2 / m c 2 contributions that, a priori, could induce O (1) corrections to previous estimates, as mK is numerically of order ΛQCD. Our computation shows that there are several dimension-8 operators besides the one considered before. Their effect on εK, however, accidentally cancels out to a large extent, leaving the final correction at the level of 1%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The product of extraction in the mining planning of ornamental stone consist in blocks closest to regulars with several dimensions. The paper done has been objective to analyze the mining planning for tipping over of the several geometric configurations of the blocks. These have been classified into quadrangular or rectangular regular prism without "Boca de Lobo" (B.L), oblique with upper declivity without B.L, oblique with upper declivity and with B.L, and quadrangular or rectangular regular prism with B.L, applied the conservation of the mechanics energy theory and quantity of movement with to obtain the angular velocity (ω). Has been conclude that a scalar magnitude ω, in rad/s, obtain the biggest influence when the blocks have the characteristics with presence of upper part declivity as a show the results with velocities ω = 1,52 rad/s to the dimension stone of type (2) and ω = 1, 906 rad/s to the dimension stone of type (3). It was concluded that the angular velocity has a greater influence on the blocks with slope on their upper face, suggesting an optimization in the geometry of the blocks to maximize the production chain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we report the synthesis of graft copolymers based on casein and N -isopropylacrylamide, which can self-assemble into biodegradable micelles of approximately 80 nm at physiological conditions. The obtained copolymers were degraded by trypsin, an enzyme that is overexpressed in several malignant tumors. Moreover, graft copolymers were able to load doxorubicin (Dox) by ionic interaction with the casein component. In vitro release experiments showed that the in situ assembled micelles can maintain the cargo at plasma conditions but release Dox immediately after their exposition at pH 5.0 and trypsin. Cellular uptake and cytotoxicity assays revealed the efficient delivery to the nucleus and antiproliferative efficacy of Dox in the breast cancer cell line MDA231. Both delivery and therapeutic activity were enhanced in presence of trypsin. Overall, the prepared micelles hold a great potential for their utilization as dual responsive trypsin/pH drug delivery system. Unlabelled Image • Casein/NIPA graft copolymers were prepared by free radical polymerization. • Graft polymers can thermally self-assemble into micelles at physiological pH. • Casein acted as an enzymatic and pH responsive block in the micelles. • Doxorubicin delivery from micelles was activated by trypsin and acidic pH. • Micelles were able to transport Dox to nucleus of MD231 cells and destroy them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

" Community Radio – a different kind of radio, we work with our people. Together we plan, together we decide; together we implement. We work with our people " (GCRN Community Radio Anthem) 1. This practice-based article presents the experiences and reflections of two pioneer organizations which are continuously innovating with the use of community radio. We share reflections on its use as a tool for building inclusive communities that are able to seek accountability, especially for those facing intersecting inequalities deriving from identity-based as well as other social, economic and spatial drivers. These organizations are Radio Ada–based in the Greater Accra region in Ghana, founding member of the Ghana Community Radio Network (GCRN) and the Soroti Justice and Peace Commission (SOCAJAPIC) in North Eastern Uganda. Both organizations see community radio as central to their participatory practice, through which they articulate and promote the right to communicate as fundamental for inclusion and accountability 2. They partnered with the Institute of Development Studies (IDS) in the UK to explore how participatory action research processes can contribute to building sustainable social inclusion and pathways to accountability for the most marginalized (see Shaw, Howard and López Franco (2020) Article in this issue). The article is primarily based on an interview with Wilna Quarmyne, Kofi Larweh, Ben Boham Okiror and John Elyanu, founding members and leaders of Radio Ada and SOCAJAPIC, respectively, but also draws on research data and from previous stages of work with both organizations as part of the Participate initiative's research on accountability for those most marginalized (Burns, Ikita, López Franco, Shahrokh, (2015) Citizen Participation and Accountability for Sustainable Development, IDS, Brighton; Howard, López Franco and Wheeler (2017) Participatory Monitoring and Accountability and the Sustainable Development Goals: A Learning Report of the Participate Network, Participate Network, Brighton. Find the full report at: https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/bitstream/handle/123456789/13326/Participate%5fLearningReport%5fFinal.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y). Other reflective moments and dialogue, resulting through rounds of feedback to drafts of this article, have also shaped the outcome. The piece is organized in four sections in an aim to explain how community radio has been a key driver of accountability for populations confronting intersecting inequalities, through combining this with different expressions of participatory performing arts 3 , simplified here as processes whereby " participants instigate and realise their own creative idea. They are the directors/curators of the piece. Professional artist/s are involved if it is the participants" decision to do so' (Tiller 2013 p11). The first section introduces the work of Radio Ada and SOCAJAPIC, explaining their approach to community radio, performing arts and social change, by each organization. Section 2 presents reflections on using radio as a means for shifting social norms in the quest for building inclusion. Section 3 speaks to the ways that community radio is being used to support multiple marginalized groups in seeking accountability. Section 4 presents some limitations and obstacles emerging for community radio stations to maintain their work towards sustained social change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Espírito Santo state is the main producer of ornamental rock in the country, being this sector responsible for 10% of its PIB, despite all the importance of the sector we see a low level of automation and mechanization in the segment. So much of the work done on the extraction fronts happens empirically, to minimize this problem, we perform a study and apply Newton's laws, such as the first law that is inertia, the second law that tells us that Fr = M x a, and the third law that shows us that for every action there is a reaction of equal strength but opposite sense. With the application of these laws and some knowledge acquired during the study, it was possible to create a sizing model, able to standardize this type of work avoiding the breaking of the material in the process of overturning of the workbench. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the application of a simple control technique for reaching a stable rotational motion of the parametrically driven pendulum, starting from non-rotating responses. The control action consists of an assistance torque, which is provided conveniently to a pendulum wheel in order to increase its angular velocity. The magnitude of this torque is defined as inversely proportional to the magnitude of the angular velocity of the pendulum, which is computed in real time from angular position measurements. Maximum torque is applied when velocity is zero, while decreasing linearly as velocity increases. The assistance torque takes a very low value when the magnitude of the velocity reaches a threshold, which is defined in terms of the dynamics of the unforced pendulum. The direction of torque application depends on the sign of the angular velocity. The experiments show that rotations can be reached and maintained by means of this technique under a simple harmonic forcing and under an irregular forcing. Besides, since the control law is not dependent on the forcing period, it is intuited that it has the potential to produce good results under pseudo-stochastic forcing. This is of particular importance, with a view to a possible use in ocean wave energy converters, which is nowadays a promising engineering application of parametric pendulum systems. This is in line with the main motivation of this work, which is the implementation of this control technique to maintain the rotational motion of a pendulum-based wave energy converter. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the sensitivity and specificity of two- (2D) and three- (3D) dimensional transperineal ultrasound (TPUS) and 3D endovaginal ultrasound (EVUS) with the gold standard 3D endoanal ultrasound (EAUS) in detecting residual defects after primary repair of obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS).Methods: External (EAS) and internal (IAS) anal sphincters were evaluated by the four ultrasound modalities in women with repaired OASIS. 2D-TPUS was evaluated in real-time, whereas 3D-TPUS, 3D-EVUS and 3D-EAUS volumes were evaluated offline by six blinded readers. The presence/absence of any tear in EAS or IAS was recorded and defects were scored according to the Starck system. Sensitivity, specificity and predictive values were calculated, using 3D-EAUS as reference standard. Inter- and intraobserver analyses were performed for all 3D imaging modalities. Association between patients' symptoms (Wexner score) and ultrasound findings (Starck score) was calculated.Results: Images from 55 patients were analyzed. Compared with findings on 3D-EAUS, the agreement for EAS evaluation was poor for 3D-EVUS (κ = 0.01), fair for 2D-TPUS (κ = 0.30) and good for 3D-TPUS (κ = 0.73). The agreement for IAS evaluation was moderate for both 3D-EVUS (κ = 0.41) and 2D-TPUS (κ = 0.52) and good for 3D-TPUS (κ = 0.66). Good intraobserver (3D-EAUS, κ = 0.73; 3D-TPUS, κ = 0.78) and interobserver (3D-EAUS, κ = 0.68; 3D-TPUS, κ = 0.60) agreement was reported. Significant association between Starck and Wexner scores was found only for 3D-EAUS (Spearman's rho = 0.277, P = 0.04).Conclusions: 2D-TPUS and 3D-EVUS are not accurate modalities for the assessment of anal sphincters after repair of OASIS. 3D-TPUS shows good agreement with the gold standard 3D-EAUS and a high sensitivity in detecting residual defects. It, thus, has potential as a screening tool after primary repair of OASIS. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims An early genetic diagnosis of neonatal diabetes guides clinical management and results in improved treatment in ~ 40% of patients. In the offspring of individuals with neonatal diabetes, a prenatal diagnosis allows accurate estimation of the risk of developing diabetes and, eventually, the most appropriate treatment for the baby. In this study, we performed non-invasive prenatal genetic testing for a fetus at risk of inheriting a paternal KCNJ11 p.R201C mutation causing permanent neonatal diabetes. Methods A droplet digital polymerase chain reaction assay was used to detect the presence of the mutation in cell-free circulating DNA (cf DNA) extracted from maternal plasma at 12 and 16 weeks' gestation. Results The mutation was not detected in the cf DNA samples, suggesting that the fetus had not inherited the KCNJ11 mutation. The fetal DNA fraction was estimated at 6.2% and 10.7%, which is above the detection limit of the assay. The result was confirmed by Sanger sequencing after the baby's birth, confirming that the baby's risk of developing neonatal diabetes was reduced to that of the general population. Conclusions We report the first case of non-invasive prenatal testing in a family with neonatal diabetes. A prenatal diagnosis in families at high risk of monogenic diabetes informs both prenatal and postnatal management. Although the clinical impact of this novel technology still needs to be assessed, its implementation in clinical practice (including cases at risk of inheriting mutations from the mother) will likely have a positive impact upon the clinical management of families affected by monogenic diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article addresses the quantification of damping in a parametric pendulum, with a view on further applications in the design of energy harvesting devices. Detailed new experimental data is obtained for such purpose, and a novel mathematical model is presented. Linear and quadratic viscous damping and also dry friction are taken into account. To introduce the dry friction component, the pendulum axis is mounted on ball bearings. This is considered as a very realistic situation of a harvester. Damping parameters are determined by minimizing the difference between numerical and experimental time histories. It is shown that the damping model here presented is more adequate to replicate experiments than commonly used linear models, which consider only a linear viscous damping term characterized by means of free decay tests. It is also pointed that linear models are not adequate for refined studies, since they can lead to erroneous predictions of rotation zones, and consequently to wrong considerations in the design of pendulum harvesters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cermets, especially hard metals are materials of wide application in tools due to its excellent properties like hardness and toughness. The aim of this work is to analyze cermets composed mainly of Fe, NbC, and different Al contents, materials under development supplied by CBMM ( Companhia Brasileira de Metalurgia e Mineração ), in its characteristics and processing. The synthesis for obtaining of starting materials adds elements such as Fe, Al, Si, and Ti to the Nb ores to produces niobium carbides in situ, which is believed to result in a greater bond between the carbide and metal matrix. These raw materials were fully characterized. Thermal analysis was made to the planning of the process, and consolidations were made by conventional powder metallurgy, (Pressing and Sintering - PS), and by Field Assisted Hot Pressing (FAHP). The results showed that these materials are promising for application in tools that require high hardness, as in forming tools, which generally are produced with hard metals. The cermet FeNbC5Al processed showed high densification and hardness of approximately 830 HV10. However, these cermets could have even better properties with the elimination of the present intermetallic phase in the matrix, increasing the carbide content and decreasing its particle size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the mechanical characterization by multiscale indentation of particle reinforced dense Ni/Al 2 O 3 metal matrix nanocomposites (MMNC) obtained by high-kinetic processing (HKP) of ball milling of the powders with a systematic variation of alumina nanoparticles fractions (from 1 to 20 vol. %) and spark plasma sintering (SPS). The morphology and particle size distribution of powder were evaluated as a function of milling time up to 10 h. Samples from the 10 h milled powders were densified by SPS. The mechanical properties of the sintered samples were obtained by micro and nanoindentation using diamond tips of Vickers and Berkovich geometry, respectively. The combination of HKP and SPS allowed a homogeneous dispersion of Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles in the nickel matrix and effective reinforcing effects, which is the case of Ni/10 vol. % Al 2 O 3 and Ni/15 vol. % Al 2 O 3 samples. The highest hardness (4.68 ± 0.37 GPa) was obtained for Ni/15 vol. % Al 2 O 3 MMNC, which is almost twice that of pure nickel (2.45 ± 0.22 GPa) processed at the same conditions. The highest elastic modulus (346 ± 30 GPa) was obtained for the Ni/10 vol. % Al 2 O 3 sample. The analysis of the load-depth curves confirmed the reinforcing of the MMNCs as a function of the alumina particle content. Discussion of the possible reinforcing mechanisms is also included. The Ni/Al 2 O 3 MMNC sintered specimens exhibit outstanding mechanical property results, which make them candidates for various high-temperature applications. [Display omitted] • Homogeneous dispersion of Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles in dense Ni-matrix SPSed MMNCs. • HV Hardness increases with Al 2 O 3 -content (max. of 4.68 GPa at Ni/15 vol. % Al 2 O 3). • Elastic modulus increases with Al 2 O 3 -content (max. of 346 GPa at Ni/10 vol. % Al 2 O 3). • Nanoindentation results confirm reinforcing effects of Al 2 O 3 -nanoparticles in MMNCs. • A critical volume between 10 and 15 vol. % Al 2 O 3 reinforcing particles was identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Validate Digital Cervicography as adjunctive cervical cancer screening test to VIA and Cytology. Method: Women (1292) were submitted to both cytological and VIA tests to obtain a sample of 301 positive VIA cases (23.3%) which have had the Digital Cervicography (DC) taken and evaluated. Just cases considered positive by DC (149/301 cases--49.5%) and/or positive Pap smear tests were referred to colposcopy and biopsy whenever indicated. Results: Cervical smear was positive in 5.4%, including LGSIL (4%), HGSIL (1%) and one case of invasive cancer (0.4%), and 1.6% of ASCUS or AGUS). DC identified 81 positive cases (74 LGSIL; 5 HGSIL; 2 cancers). The sensitivity of cytology was 14.8%, and the DC was 100%. Corresponding specificities were 95.4% and 69.1%, respectively. The NPV and PPV for DC were 100% and 54.4%. Conclusion: DC increases sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of VIA, becoming a valid adjunctive screening test for cervical cancer in low resource settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The web development encourages public participation in the new social movements, expanding the use of digital interactive tools to promote discussions and launch calls. This paper aims to analyze the features of the disclosure, though an event created on Facebook, specifically "5a Marcha das Vadias de São Paulo". We designed a methodology that combines web content analysis and semi-structured interview. On the one hand, the results suggest that the posts are concentrated around the date of the event, characterized by the coverage of the event, especially made by women. On the other hand, the organizing collective interview confirms that the use of digital platforms is positive for the construction of new militancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chromosomes of Solanum nelsonii, S. sandwicense (endemic to the Hawaii islands) and S. vespertilio (from the Canary islands) were studied by means of classical staining, CMA/DAPI banding and FISH with probes for the 18-5.8-26S and 5S rDNA genes. The aim of this study was to test for chromosomal changes (chromosome number, karyotype, heterochromatin pattern, rDNA loci) during the evolution of these taxa with respect to their continental relatives. An apparent chromosome stasis was confirmed in all three species, in regards to chromosome number and karyotype morphology. However, there was also evidence of cryptic, cumulative sequence changes. Speciation in these species is not likely associated with large, obvious chromosome rearrangements or polyploidy, but more likely due to genetic divergence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a new control strategy for the vertically excited parametric pendulum, with a view on energy harvesting from rotating motion. Two possible energy sources are considered: a vibrating machine, represented by a sinusoidal excitation; and the sea waves, simulated by a stochastic process. In both cases, rotations can be achieved and maintained only for some forcing conditions. Thus, as stable rotations are required, the pendulum must be controlled. We propose to perform this control by means of a telescopic adjustment of the pendulum length during the motion. The idea is to give the pendulum an aid to reach and maintain rotations, accelerating the motion by modifying conveniently the position of the mass. To a better understanding of this concept, one may think of a child on a swing, who extends or retracts his legs in order to accelerate the motion. Numerical simulations show that, with a control action of this kind, stable rotations can be reached regardless of the forcing conditions and for every set of initial conditions. These are very promising results in terms of energy harvesting, since an optimized application of this control technique can lead to the design of autonomous pendulum harvester devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamic response of a thin-walled beam with a breathing crack is studied by employing a refined one-dimensional model introduced for such purpose. It is shown that, due to the non-linearity of breathing, some effects take place which are impossible by using a completely open crack model. Even with the simplest of sinusoidal excitations, the system under study reveals a rich and complex dynamics. Some of the topics emphasized in the article are self-excitation of harmonic resonances, period doubling and the presence of quasi-periodic motion. Furthermore, the possibility of chaotic vibrations is analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new taxonomic circumscription of Solanum section Lathyrocarpum is proposed to include 11 species from North and South America. The section is placed in the cosmopolitan S. subgenus Leptostemonum, which contains 350-450 species. As defined here, S. sect. Lathyrocarpum includes all the taxa resolved in the Carolinense clade in previous molecular phylogenetic studies as well as one species not sampled in those analyses. The combination of morphological characters that define the group includes: herbaceous perennial habit with extensive root systems, often with endogenous buds that can sprout, a sparse to dense indumentum of sessile to stalked stellate hairs and tapered prickles, 2- to 3-foliate to plurifoliate sympodial units, extra-axillary inflorescences with 1-20 flowers, a weakly andromonoecious reproductive system, corollas ranging in color from white to lavender, and fruits maturing to yellow or yellowish-orange. Most species in the section have a weedy habit and grow in highly disturbed areas, but four are narrowly distributed. One species, S. carolinense, is a noxious invasive weed that has been inadvertently introduced to many areas around the world. There are a variety of ploidy levels represented in the group ( n = 12, 18, 24, and 36). In this work, we present a new circumscription of the section and provide descriptions, distribution maps, preliminary IUCN conservation assessments, and a key to identify the 11 included species. We also designate lectotypes for nine names and select a neotype for S. dimidiatum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chresta martii(Asteraceae), found in the Xingó region, northeastern Brazil, is used in the treatment of gastrointestinal (GIT) and liver disorders and malaria. However, there are few studies regarding efficacy and safety of use for this species. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine in vivo acute toxicity and in vitro cytotoxicity of organic extracts ofC. martiias well as in vivo genotoxicity of its semipurified fraction. Dried aerial parts ofC. martiiwere extracted using three organic solvents (cyclohexane [ECCm], ethyl acetate [EACm], and ethanol [EECm]), and these extracts were examined for acute toxicity (50–2000 mg/kg ip or po) and cytotoxicity (50 μg/ml) in carcinogenic human cell lines (HL-60, NCIH-292, and MCF-7). The EACm, which showed evidence of toxicity (in vivo and in vitro), was fractionated on a silica column, yielding four fractions (F1–F4). The F1 was utilized for genotoxicity (50 mg/kg ip), by in vivo micronucleus (MN) assay. ECCm showed no indication of acute toxicity or occurrence of death, while the LD50estimated for the extracts (EACm and EECm) was 500 mg/kg po and 200 mg/kg ip. The EACm (50 μg/ml) inhibited growth of tumor cells HL-60 (96.54%), NCIH-292 (73.43%), and MCF-7 (15%). The F1 fraction induced MN formation in polychromatic erythrocytes of Swiss Webster mice. Organic extracts fromC. martiiexhibited acute toxicity classified as mild to moderate, in addition to cytotoxicity (in vitro), while the F1 semipurified fraction induced genotoxicity (in vivo). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous studies have been inconsistent about the degree of sexual transmissibility of cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The authors hypothesize that risk factors for HPV infection vary according to HPV type.Goal: To estimate the prevalence of HPV infection in asymptomatic women and to identify risk factors for overall HPV infection and HPV infection by oncogenic and nononcogenic type.Study Design: A cross-sectional survey was conducted at the McGill University clinic in Montreal. Cervical specimens were collected from 489 female students presenting at the clinic for a routine Papanicolaou test. Data on potential risk factors was obtained by questionnaire. Human papillomavirus DNA was detected by the polymerase chain reaction using consensus primers (MY09/11) followed by hybridization with generic and type-specific probes using Southern blot and dot blot techniques.Results: The overall HPV prevalence was 21.8%. A low-risk HPV infection was found in 6.2% of the women, 11.8% had a high-risk HPV infection (types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58), 7.1% had an unknown HPV type, and 2.7% had a multiple type infection. Two profiles emerged for sexual activity and risk of HPV infection according to oncogenic risk after multivariate analysis. Lifetime frequency of sexual intercourse and lifetime number of oral sex partners was associated with high-oncogenic-risk HPV infections; however, HPV infection with low-oncogenic-risk types was invariant with respect to markers of sexual activity.Conclusion: These results suggest that there are differences in epidemiologic correlates of transmission between low-risk and high-oncogenic-risk HPV types based on oncogenicity. This finding has important implications for primary prevention of HPV infection and cervical cancer precursors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The core of this research was the study of the stability of slopes in high and ultra-high benches, the analysis of the stresses and mechanical properties of the rocks and their influence on the geometry of the slopes. For this study, two fronts were selected from which the values of density and uniaxial compression were available. Both fronts were selected based on their operational experience, which allowed to analyze the stability values of slopes and stresses, so that 2 different analyzes could be performed to obtain their strength factor (SF). During the simulations, it was found that the quality of the rock had a greater influence on the results, as well as the height of the bench. It was found that at a height of 30 m there are no problems, but at a height of 50 m the values of SF are problematic, having a value of less than 1 at the top, at the intersection between the weathering mantle and the rock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chresta martii (Asteraceae) is a species widely used by the population of the Xingu region of Sergipe, Brazil, in the form of a decoction (aerial parts) for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. The study aims to assess the gastroprotective activity of organic extracts and semipurified fractions and identify the principal compounds present in C. martii responsible for such activity. The organic extracts (cyclohexane: ECCm, ethyl acetate: EACm, and ethanol: EECm) were obtained from the dried aerial parts (500 g) of C. martii. For evaluation of the gastroprotective activity of extracts (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg; p.o.), male Swiss Webster mice (25–30 g) were used which had gastric ulcers induced by indomethacin (40 mg/kg, s.c.) or ethanol (0.2 mL/animal; p.o.). Among the extracts evaluated, EACm exhibited significant (P<0.05) gastroprotective activity in the models used. The fractionation of EACm was performed in a silica gel column 60 eluted with the following compounds: [chloroform—F1 yield (10%)], [chloroform/ethyl acetate (1/1)—F2 yield (6%)], [ethyl acetate—F3 yield (8%)], and [ethyl/methanol acetate (1/1)—F4 yield (5%)]. Of the fractions described above, the F1 (25 mg/kg; p.o.) had greater gastroprotective activity (P<0.05) than that displayed by ranitidine (80 mg/kg; p.o.) in the ethanol-induced ulcer model. The refractionation of F1 produced 23 subfractions and from these two yellow amorphous compounds were obtained by recrystallization, Rf: 0.46 and 0.31 (ethyl acetate : chloroform 5 : 5). The compounds isolated were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR and 13C-NMR) and identified as flavones: chrysoeriol (yield: 0.43%) and 3′,4′-dimethoxyluteolin (yield: 0.58%). Conclusion. Flavone 3′,4′-dimethoxyluteolin is the principal compound present in the species C. martii and is probably responsible for gastroprotective activity observed in this species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chresta martii (Asteraceae) is a species widely used by the population of the Xingu region of Sergipe, Brazil, in the form of a decoction (aerial parts) for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. The study aims to assess the gastroprotective activity of organic extracts and semipurified fractions and identify the principal compounds present in C. martii responsible for such activity. The organic extracts (cyclohexane: ECCm, ethyl acetate: EACm, and ethanol: EECm) were obtained from the dried aerial parts (500 g) of G martii. For evaluation of the gastroprotective activity of extracts (50,100, or 200 mg/kg; p.o.), male Swiss Webster mice (25-30 g) were used which had gastric ulcers induced by indomethacin (40 mg/kg, s.c.) or ethanol (0.2 mL/animal; p.o.). Among the extracts evaluated, EACm exhibited significant (P < 0.05) gastroprotective activity in the models used. The fractionation of EACm was performed in a silica gel column 60 eluted with the following compounds: [chloroform--F1 yield (10%)], [chloroform/ethyl acetate (1/1)--F2 yield (6%)], [ethyl acetate--F3 yield (8%)], and [ethyl/methanol acetate (1/1)--F4 yield (5%)]. Of the fractions described above, the F1 (25 mg/kg; p.o.) had greater gastroprotective activity (P < 0.05) than that displayed by ranitidine (80 mg/kg; p.o.) in the ethanol-induced ulcer model. The refractionation of F1 produced 23 subfractions and from these two yellow amorphous compounds were obtained by recrystallization, Rf: 0.46 and 0.31 (ethyl acetate : chloroform 5:5). The compounds isolated were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H-NMR and 13C-NMR) and identified as flavones: chrysoeriol (yield: 0.43%) and3',4'-dimethoxyluteolin (yield: 0.58%). Conclusion. Flavone3',4'-dimethoxyluteolin is the principal compound present in the species C. martii and is probably responsible for gastroprotective activity observed in this species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Templated carbon materials (TCs) with hierarchical pore structure were obtained by liquid phase impregnation of different zeolite templates using Alcell lignin solutions as carbon precursor. The effect of synthesis conditions such as templating mixture (lignin/zeolite), carbonization temperature (500, 700 and 900 °C) and of zeolite framework on the structural and chemical properties of the resultant carbons was analyzed. The main original aspect of this work is the use of Alcell lignin as carbon precursor, a low-cost co-product derived from the papermaking industry, to obtain porous carbon materials with different pore size distribution, depending on the inorganic template used. Microporosity is developed from both the replication of the hard template and the carbonization of lignin, whereas mesoporosity can be adjusted by and adequate selection of the hard template and infiltration conditions. The TCs present interesting surface chemistry features, with a relatively high amount of nitrogen and oxygen stable surface groups, such as pyrrolic and pyridinic and hydroxyl and carbonyl type, respectively, which seem to have been transferred from the surface ammonia ions and oxygen of the zeolite template to the carbon materials during the synthesis. The hydroxyl groups seem to be responsible of the relatively high Brönsted acidity of the TCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Universal access to the Internet among young people has been accompanied by new opportunities associated with online developments and practices, but the problematic use of the digital environment also involves threats. In the current scientific literature, there is no clear consensus on the definition of the behaviors that could arise from inappropriate use of the Web, which, as an attempt, is defined with the term «addiction». This article combines a qualitative-quantitative approach, based on a competitive national research project, aiming to identify the main threats posed by digital immersion of Spanish youth between 12 and 17 years old. On the one hand, results obtained from this research confirm the discomfort experienced by young people when they have to be offline during a certain period of time, especially in those intensive users of social networks. On the other hand, it has been shown how damaged or conflicting family relationships lead individuals from 15 years old to spend more time connected to the Internet in an attempt to supplement or protest against their family interactions. This study confirms several trends already mentioned in the specialized literature, and presents new findings that suggest possible future lines of investigation on early detection of cyberpathologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this paper, we present an analytical method to determine the mode I stress intensity factor for thin-walled beams made of laminated composites. The technique relies on the concept of crack surface widening energy release rate, which is expressed in terms of the G* integral and thin-walled beam theory. In the vicinity of the crack tip, a solution of the G* integral is obtained employing stress and displacement fields derived for materials with general orthotropy. The effect of warping is taken into account. This is a common feature in thin-walled beams which cannot be neglected, especially when flexural–torsional loads are present. The model shows a good agreement with finite element results. It is shown that, although the approaches developed for isotropic materials may be useful in the treatment of orthotropic problems, they may not yield good results for some typical lamination sequences. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Highlights: [•] We determine the mode I stress intensity factor for thin-walled beams. [•] A distinctive aspect of the technique is the consideration of the warping effect. [•] In thin-walled beams, warping significantly influences in the stress distribution. [•] Energetic contribution of the bimomental force is considered to include warping. [•] The results show a good agreement with shell finite element solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Gonzalito polymetallic mining district is located within the northeast tip of the 600 km-long NE-trending polymetallic belt of the North Patagonian Massif, in Patagonia, Argentina. It comprises Paleozoic igneous-metamorphic rocks of the Mina Gonzalito complex, which are intruded by Middle Triassic trachytic-andesitic dykes of the Monasa Fm. through a complex system of high-angle fractures. Rhyolitic dykes crosscut the pre-Jurassic rocks. Numerous semi-parallel vein-like mineral deposits, whose classification and age have been subject of debate, sharply crosscut the igneous-metamorphic, trachytic-andesitic and rhyolitic units. Mineralization shows a strong structural control through a complex system of semi-parallel NW-N-NE oriented fracture-hosted mineral deposits. Extensional jogs and open dilational fractures allow multiband vein infills, vein-like hydrothermal and fault-tectonic breccias, stockwork veins and veinlets with primary growth open-space and boiling-derived textures, indicating a brittle geological setting that is proper of the epithermal environment. Based on the structural setting, sulfide-gangue-alteration mineral assemblages and textures, sulfide mineral chemistry and whole-rock geochemical analyses, two different styles of hydrothermal deposits can be distinguished: massive-sulfide intermediate sulfidation epithermal Pb – Zn ± Ag ± Cu ± In and disseminated-sulfide low sulfidation Au ± Pb ± Ag ± Zn. The first has a main-stage pyrite – In-rich sphalerite – chalcopyrite – galena ore assemblage in scarce quartz - carbonates gangue. The second shows disseminated pyrite ± sphalerite ± chalcopyrite ± galena with economic grades of Au in abundant quartz – adularia ± fluorite gangue. SHRIMP U–Pb zircon data of rhyolites reveal Early Jurassic ages of 193 ± 2 and 191 ± 2 Ma and, along with their bulk-rock geochemical features, they can be included within the Chon Aike magmatic province, locally known as Marifil volcanic complex. Crosscutting relationships between the Lower Jurassic rhyolites and the epithermal veins in the Gonzalito district, and the presence of Oligocene basalts partially covering the epithermal deposits towards the western area, constrain the mineralization event between the Lower Jurassic and the Oligocene. However, the crosscutting relationships of this district along with the already proven genetic, temporal and spatial links between epithermal ore and fluorite-rich deposits and the Jurassic magmatism-rifting of Patagonia suggest that the studied epithermal deposits might be yielded closer or during the Lower Jurassic. • The Gonzalito polymetallic mining district hosts two types of epithermal deposits. • Intermediate Zn–Pb ± Ag ± Cu ± In and low sulfidation Au ± Zn ± Pb ± Ag veins are recognized. • Mineralization is fracture-hosted. • Zircon U–Pb SHRIMP data reveal Lower Jurassic ages for the studied rhyolites. • The possible age of the epithermal deposits is Lower Jurassic - Oligocene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims Recessive PDX1 ( IPF1) mutations are a rare cause of pancreatic agenesis, with three cases reported worldwide. A recent report described two cousins with a homozygous hypomorphic PDX1 mutation causing permanent neonatal diabetes with subclinical exocrine insufficiency. The aim of our study was to investigate the possibility of hypomorphic PDX1 mutations in a large cohort of patients with permanent neonatal diabetes and no reported pancreatic hypoplasia or exocrine insufficiency. Methods PDX1 was sequenced in 103 probands with isolated permanent neonatal diabetes in whom ABCC8, KCNJ11 and INS mutations had been excluded. Results Sequencing analysis identified biallelic PDX1 mutations in three of the 103 probands with permanent neonatal diabetes (2.9%). One proband and his affected brother were compound heterozygotes for a frameshift and a novel missense mutation (p.A34fsX191; c.98dupC and p.P87L; c.260C>T). The other two probands were homozygous for novel PDX1 missense mutations (p.A152G; c.455C>G and p.R176Q; c.527G>A). Both mutations affect highly conserved residues located within the homeobox domain. None of the four cases showed any evidence of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, either clinically, or, where data were available, biochemically. In addition a heterozygous nonsense mutation (p.C18X; c.54C>A) was identified in a fourth case. Conclusions This study demonstrates that recessive PDX1 mutations are a rare but important cause of isolated permanent neonatal diabetes in patients without pancreatic hypoplasia/agenesis. Inclusion of the PDX1 gene in mutation screening for permanent neonatal diabetes is recommended as a genetic diagnosis reveals the mode of inheritance, allows accurate estimation of recurrence risks and confirms the requirement for insulin treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The model of photovoltaic (PV) fields in mismatching conditions presented in this paper is a tradeoff between accuracy and calculation time. The detailed single diode model, including series and parallel resistances, is considered for the PV modules, while the bypass and blocking diodes are represented with a piecewise linear model. The model profits from the possibility to express each PV module voltage as an explicit function of the current by using the Lambert-W function. The balancing of the string voltage with those ones of the active and inactive modules, as well as of the blocking diode, allows to construct only one non-linear equation depending on the string current. Consequently, the solution of only one equation allows to calculate the string current for a given string voltage, and the current of the whole field is calculated by adding the currents of all parallel strings. The advantages of the proposed model are illustrated by comparing it with two approaches recently published in literature. The model accuracy is evaluated with small, medium and large PV fields, and its usefulness for performing energetic analysis and dynamical simulations is also illustrated. Finally, experimental validation of the model on a small scale PV array is provided. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A new species of Solanum belonging to section Acanthophora (subgenus Leptostemonum) from Argentina and Brazil is described. Solanum neei Chiarini & L.A.Mentz, sp. nov. is found in clearings of semideciduous forests and in secondary formations, from the states of Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina in Brazil to the Misiones province in Argentina. It is morphologically similar to S. incarceratum Ruiz & Pav. from Peru, Bolivia and Western-Central Brazil, differing mainly by its pedunculate inflorescences. A key to related species is provided, as well a photograph of the holotype, a distribution map and illustration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Up to 15% of patients with NSTEMI present at admission with heart failure. Scientific evidence for its management is limited but much progress has been made during the last years. Our purpose was to review the last data concerning heart failure in NSTEMI and perform an update on the subject, with the following findings as main highlights. As Killip classes III and IV, Killip class II onset in the context of NSTEMI has also proven bad prognosis significance. Beta-blocker therapy has proven benefit to patients with Killip class II in observational studies and small trials. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy shows stronger evidence of benefit in patients with heart failure than in patients without it. Eplerenone is indicated for patients with left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure or diabetes mellitus. Implantable cardioverter defibrillators improve survival in patients with severe ventricular dysfunction after a myocardial infarction. Cardiac resynchronization therapy indications must be carefully assessed due to the high rate of implants that do not fulfill guidelines indications. In conclusion, heart failure during a NSTEMI is a common and meaningful situation which warrants careful management and further investigation to reach stronger evidence for clinical recommendations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: We propose a method to quantify the Standard Model uncertainty in decays using the experimental data, assuming that power counting provides a reasonable estimate of the subleading terms in the expansion. Using this method, we show that present data are compatible with the Standard Model. We analyze the pattern of subleading terms required to reproduce the data and argue that anomalously large subleading terms are not needed. Finally, we find that is fairly insensitive to hadronic uncertainties and obtain the Standard Model estimate . [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The fruits of 10 species of Solanum sect. Acanthophora were studied. Cross and/or longitudinal and/or tangential microtome sections, stained mostly with astra blue/basic fuchsin, were made for microscopic examination. Three different kinds of cells were found in the epidermis, immediately below which a hypodermis, consisting in any of four types of structures, was always found. The mesocarp exhibits two histologically differentiated zones, an external one (formed by normal or spongy parenchyma, according to the species), and an internal one, commonly juicy, and with proliferations among the seeds. The diagnostic value of all these structures is assessed. Morpho-anatomical information is used to define fruit types beyond the berry, traditionally described for Solanum, and the probable dispersal syndrome related to them is discussed. Fruit similarities are slightly noticeable in several cases, while differences may be the result of their sexual system – which affects specially the size – and their histology, which is related to the dispersal syndrome. The comparison of our data with previous molecular phylogeny of the section suggests that a significant morphological variation is not associated with significant DNA sequence changes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine constitution and physical properties of a prototype material based on Portland cement and assess biocompatibility compared with glass-ionomer cement by evaluating cell morphology. Materials and methods: Analysis of the material was performed using energy dispersive analysis (EDAX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Compressive strength and the effect of changing the mixing and curing conditions on the compressive strength of the materials were evaluated. Dimensional stability was evaluated by measuring water uptake of the materials. Biocompatibility was assessed at 1 and 28 days using a cell-culture technique and semi-quantitative cell morphological evaluation was performed by SEM. Results: Analysis of the material showed that it was primarily composed of tricalcium silicate and dicalcium silicate. The compressive strength of the prototype cement and variants was comparable to Ketac Molar (47.98Nmm−2 after 1 day, P >0.05). Vacuum mixing did not improve the compressive strength of the prototype cements at any age. Wet curing was detrimental to the neat cement at 1 day (35.98Nmm−2, P =0.011) and 7 days (44.08Nmm−2, P =0.025). The filler-replaced cement prototypes were more stable and less susceptible to changes in compressive strength by varying the curing method (P >0.05). The prototype material took up more water (0.9%) than glass-ionomer cement (1.7%) with P =0 after 1 day. Curing at 100% humidity resulted in a net loss of weight for all the materials tested. The test materials were less biocompatible than glass-ionomer cement at 1 day but their biocompatibility improved as the material aged. Conclusions: The constitution of the prototype material was broadly similar to that of mineral trioxide aggregate. The prototype cement could be a potential dental restorative material as its compressive strength compared well to an established restorative material. However, the material did not support cell growth, with biocompatibility being similar to that of glass-ionomer cement. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Sixteen species of Jaborosa (Solanaceae), including eight endemic to Argentina, were studied karyologically. The numbers n = 12 and/or 2n = 24 were found in all species, the majority of the cases being new reports. Mitotic chromosomes were small- to medium-sized, the average length varying from 2.95 to 4.93 µm. All species had one to three chromosome pairs with satellites. The karyotypes, obtained for 13 species, were slightly asymmetrical: A1 ranged from 0.228 to 0.483, A2 ranged from 0.095 to 0.182, and Paszko's asymmetry index ranged from 0.84 to 3.47. In all species, metacentric chromosomes were the most common, followed by submetacentrics, but subtelocentrics were rare. Morphological similarities and sectional arrangements were not reflected in either a principal components analysis plot or asymmetry index plot, but the species could be singled out by their karyotype formulae and the different karyotype parameters taken. In Jaborosa, a notably diversified genus, exo-morphological evolution has taken place, together with evident chromosome rearrangements, whose disposition is different and not as clear as in related genera. © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 156, 467–478. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thirty-seven South American species representing seven sections of Solanum subgen. Leptostemonum were analyzed. Andromonoecious as well as hermaphrodite species were considered. The length and width of their fruits was measured, and the number of seeds per fruit was counted. Medial cross sections of fresh, ripe fruits were observed with a stereoscopic microscope and illustrated. Six placentation patterns and three types of seeds were described. A relationship among seed number, fruit size, fruit color and sexual system was detected by means of statistical analysis. These results suggest that andromonoecy affects fruit size and placentation patterns, in order to contain a higher number of seeds per fruit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Combining the recent experimental evidence of mixing, we extract model-independent information on the mixing amplitude and on its CP-violating phase. Using this information, we present new constraints on the flavour structure of up-type squark mass matrices in supersymmetric extensions of the Standard Model. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]