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Despite being fundamental to multiple biological processes, phosphorus (P) availability in marine environments is often growth-limiting, with generally low surface concentrations. Picocyanobacteria strains encode a putative ABC-type phosphite/phosphate/phosphonate transporter, phnDCE, thought to provide access to an alternative phosphorus pool. This, however, is paradoxical given most picocyanobacterial strains lack known phosphite degradation or carbon-phosphate lyase pathway to utilise alternate phosphorus pools. To understand the function of the PhnDCE transport system and its ecological consequences, we characterised the PhnD1 binding proteins from four distinct marine Synechococcusisolates (CC9311, CC9605, MITS9220, and WH8102). We show the SynechococcusPhnD1 proteins selectively bind phosphorus compounds with a stronger affinity for phosphite than for phosphate or methyl phosphonate. However, based on our comprehensive ligand screening and growth experiments showing Synechococcusstrains WH8102 and MITS9220 cannot utilise phosphite or methylphosphonate as a sole phosphorus source, we hypothesise that the picocyanobacterial PhnDCE transporter is a constitutively expressed, medium-affinity phosphate transporter, and the measured affinity of PhnD1 to phosphite or methyl phosphonate is fortuitous. Our MITS9220_PhnD1 structure explains the comparatively lower affinity of picocyanobacterial PhnD1 for phosphate, resulting from a more limited H-bond network. We propose two possible physiological roles for PhnD1. First, it could function in phospholipid recycling, working together with the predicted phospholipase, TesA, and alkaline phosphatase. Second, by having multiple transporters for P (PhnDCE and Pst), picocyanobacteria could balance the need for rapid transport during transient episodes of higher P availability in the environment, with the need for efficient P utilisation in typical phosphate-deplete conditions.

Developing attractive means of initiating current without using magnetic induction from a central solenoid is a critical scientific and technical challenge facing the spherical tokamak (ST). The PEGASUS program has focused on developing the physics basis and predictive models for nonsolenoidal tokamak startup using local helicity injection (LHI) and has demonstrated startup to ~0.2 MA in a low-field, near-unity aspect ratio ( $A$ ) ST. The PEGASUS facility is being upgraded into a solenoid-free ST called PEGASUS-III. Major features include: increased toroidal field (TF) to 0.6 T for up to 100 ms, improved shape control, and retaining the low-aspect ratio geometry of $A \sim 1.2$ . This TF directly supports the new mission to expand the breadth of solenoid-free research on the facility with multiple reactor-relevant techniques. The implemented TF upgrade is comprised of a new center rod, outer TF coil system, torque plate assemblies, and TF interconnects between the center rod and outer conductors. The center rod is comprised of 24 water-cooled, insulated wedge conductors inside a new inner vacuum wall. There is no ohmic solenoid, which allows additional TF conductor for the 48-kA/turn TF current. The outer TF conductors are 12 pairs of air-cooled, reinforced Al plate conductors. Pairwise crossed conductor links connect the outer C-plates to the central rod conductor to eliminate the need for a toroidal compensation wind-back coil. Torque plate assemblies on top and bottom mechanically secure both the outer C-conductor and the interconnecting links, counteract torsional magnetic loads during a pulse, and provide compliance for vertical displacement. The assembly accommodates magnetic and thermal forces, limiting the axial excursion of the central assembly to <1 mm.

The PEGASUS-III experiment is a solenoid-free, low aspect ratio spherical tokamak that will serve as a dedicated U.S. platform for comparative nonsolenoidal tokamak plasma startup studies. Approximately 175 megavolt-ampere (MVA) of reconfigured and expanded programmable power systems, 7 MJ of new stored energy, and new digital control and protection systems for the facility are being commissioned to support PEGASUS-III upgrades. These include: increased toroidal field (0.15–0.6 T); new divertor and poloidal field coils; increased pulse length; local and coaxial helicity injectors for solenoid-free plasma initiation; radio frequency (RF) systems for heating and current drive; and a diagnostic neutral beam (DNB). A new real-time digital control system implements 16 proportional-integral differential (PID) feedback controllers with 25 kHz loop rates to control the electromagnets and helicity injectors. The poloidal field coils, helicity injector arc currents, and toroidal field are driven by 36 3.6 MVA (4 kA, 900 V) insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) buck converters. Helicity injector bias voltage and current will be provided by a set of four 10.8 MVA multi-level buck converters (MLBCs). Each is comprised of an 1800 V integrated gate-commutated thyristor (IGCT) stage and a ±900 V IGBT stage in series, providing controllable $I_{\mathrm {inj}}\le 4$ kA at $V_{\mathrm {inj}}\le 2.7$ kV. A field programmable gate array (FPGA)-based digital fault protection system multiplexes controller commands to individual power semiconductors in these supplies, monitors their operational status, and executes shutdown sequences within $10~\mu \text{s}$ of fault detection. An 80 kV, 4 A zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) resonant converter with < 1% output ripple is under development for the DNB and is being evaluated as a topology to drive RF sources.

Background Rib fractures are common injuries among traumatically injured patients, and elderly patients with rib fractures are at increased risk for adverse events and death. The purpose of this study was to determine if oral Per os(PO) acetaminophen is as effective as intravenous (IV) acetaminophen in treating the pain associated with rib fractures.Methods We performed a single-center, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded study. Trauma patients who were ≥65 years old and had ≥1 rib fracture were included in this study. Patients were randomized into IV acetaminophen and oral placebo (n = 63) or IV placebo and oral solution acetaminophen (n = 75) groups. The primary outcome was a mean reduction in pain score at 24 hours, and secondary outcomes included opioid use, intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS), hospital LOS, hospital mortality, the difference in incentive spirometry, and development of pneumonia.Results Among the 138 patients included, there was no statistically significant difference between the 2 study groups in a mean reduction in pain score at 24 hours after injury (PO: 3.24, IV: 2.49; P= .230). Opioid pain medication use was equivalent between groups (P= .212), and there was no significant difference in hospital mortality rate between groups (P= .827). There was no statistically significant difference in ICU LOS, hospital LOS, or development of pneumonia.Discussion In elderly trauma patients (age ≥65 years) with 1 or more rib fractures, PO acetaminophen is equivalent to IV acetaminophen for pain control, with no difference in morbidity or mortality. Oral acetaminophen should be preferentially used over IV acetaminophen when treating the elderly trauma patient with rib fractures.

Whereas the internal jugular vein is the most common site of thrombosis in patients with deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of the upper extremity, the association between internal jugular vein thrombus and pulmonary embolism (PE) has not been clearly characterized. The objective of this paper was to determine the risk of embolization of an isolated internal jugular vein thrombus causing a clinically overt PE, with the secondary objective of assessing the value of therapeutic anticoagulation in patients with isolated internal jugular vein thrombosis (IJVT) in improving clinical outcomes.

The ascending aorta is the final segment of the aorta to be explored with endovascular stent grafts. With a patient population of increasingly advanced age and disease, there are situations where traditional open repair for ascending aneurysms or dissections may be prohibitive. However, the ascending aorta has multiple hostile characteristics that make endovascular treatment challenging. There is also a lack of approved specialized devices in the United States for this aortic territory. We demonstrate the feasibility of adapting an abdominal aortic graft to the ascending aorta for the treatment of a saphenous vein graft aneurysm with a discussion of the technical considerations for the operation.

Most cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R) agonists will signal through both G protein–dependent and –independent pathways in an unbiased manner. Recruitment of β-arrestin 2 desensitizes and internalizes receptors, producing tolerance that limits therapeutic utility of cannabinoids for chronic conditions. We developed the indole quinuclidinone (IQD) analog (Z)-2-((1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indol-3-yl)methylene)quinuclidin-3-one (PNR-4-20) as a novel G protein–biased agonist at CB1Rs, and the present studies determine if repeated administration of PNR-4-20 produces lesser tolerance to in vivo effects compared with unbiased CB1R agonists Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) and 1-pentyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole (JWH-018). Adult male National Institutes of Health Swiss mice were administered comparable doses of PNR-4-20 (100 mg/kg), Δ9-THC (30 mg/kg), or JWH-018 (3 mg/kg) once per day for five consecutive days to determine tolerance development to hypothermic, antinociceptive, and cataleptic effects. Persistence of tolerance was then determined after a drug abstinence period. We found that unbiased CB1R agonists Δ9-THC and JWH-018 produced similar tolerance to these effects, but lesser tolerance was observed with PNR-4-20 for hypothermic and cataleptic effects. Tolerance to the effects of PNR-4-20 completely recovered after drug abstinence, while residual tolerance was always observed with unbiased CB1R agonists. Repeated treatment with PNR-4-20 and Δ9-THC produced asymmetric crosstolerance to hypothermic effects. Importantly, binding studies suggest PNR-4-20 produced significantly less downregulation of CB1Rs relative to Δ9-THC in hypothalamus and thalamus of chronically treated mice. These studies suggest that the G protein–biased CB1R agonist PNR-4-20 produces significantly less tolerance than unbiased cannabinoid agonists, and that the IQD analogs should be investigated further as a novel molecular scaffold for development of new therapeutics.

Anatomic severity grading (ASG) score is utilized to assess preoperative abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) and provide a quantitative data on its anatomic complexity. The aim of this study is to determine the anatomical differences and long-term survival between male and female patients undergoing elective AAA repair.

The article focuses on laws made for the regulation of dealership agreements between the dealers and boat builders. Topics discussed include impact of risk taking capacity and dealership relationship on the economy, role of effective bargaining in entering an agreement without proper legal protection and importance of dealers in selling the manufactured boats of the designers. It further discusses the importance of intellectual property law in protecting the builders and designers.

The article discusses relevance of the U.S. Vessel Hull Design Protection Act (VHDPA) to boat builders and designers. Although the nonfunctional aesthetic boat features are covered by U.S. copyright and trademark rules, it is emphasized that the functional ones are not. It offers brief historical background of VHDPA and describes ownership rights it grants to boat design owners. The implementation of VHDPA by the U.S. Copyright Office is also explored.

The article reports that at the Eichelberger Performing Arts Center in Hanover, Pennsylvania Musician First Class William "Will" Ledbetter played his first concert with the U.S. Navy Band Commodores jazz ensemble. Topics include considered that Ledbetter understands he is part of bassists and jazz musicians, and aspiring jazz musicians need to understand that as well.

This paper examines the documentary and archaeological evidence for health reform in 19th-century postbellum Harpers Ferry. The analysis reviews the cultural logic embodied in the national health reform ideals, a late 19th-century social movement aimed at abolishing unhealthy living conditions. The model that guides this analysis is based on the premise that cultural categories and principles cannot be viewed as normative sociocultural systems regulating human action. As a result, social action and therefore cultural interpretation must be seen as an active and contested discourse. The diverse interpretations of the national ideals of health reform as suggested by the documentary and material evidence for Harpers Ferry are explained as conscious decisions framed in particular social, economic, and political contexts.

The article talks about securing training investments as it turns out to be beneficial for an organization. It mentions that there are legal solutions for securing returns on investments. It also states that training is more that just teaching technical skills on varied topics like project management, human resources, and sales.