97 results on '"Fontaine B"'
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2. Retour d’expérience sur le pilotage des Réacteurs à Neutrons Rapides
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Guidez, J., Goux, D., Fontaine, B., Vanier, M., Guidez, J., Goux, D., Fontaine, B., and Vanier, M.
- Abstract
L’exploitation du réacteur prototype français Phénix refroidi au sodium a permis d’accumuler depuis bientôt 35 ans une expérience inédite dans le pilotage des Réacteurs à Neutrons Rapides (RNR). Les contre-réactions thermiques auto-stabilisantes, les faibles effets spatiaux et la grande inertie thermique rendent aisé le pilotage et permettent des marges de sûreté importantes, ce qui constitue des points forts pour une filière candidate à la chaudière des réacteurs de quatrième génération.
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- 2007
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3. Modélisation de l'amplification d'une impulsion laser UV nanoseconde dans un milieu à excimères
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Utéza, O., Boyomo-Onana, M., Delaporte, Ph., Destouches, N., Fontaine, B., Sabonnadière, M., Sentis, M. L., Utéza, O., Boyomo-Onana, M., Delaporte, Ph., Destouches, N., Fontaine, B., Sabonnadière, M., and Sentis, M. L.
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Cet article présente un code numérique temporel décrivant le transport d'un champ de rayonnernent UV dans un milieu à excirnères arnplificateur XeCl et dans l'espace libre. Le modèle est ensuite appliqué à l'analyse de l'amplification d'un pulse court XeCl (∼ 3 ns) dans un milieu actif de volume 0.1 litre.
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- 2001
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4. Deformed Core Reactivity Evaluation with Mesh Projection–Based Method
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Gentili, M., Fontaine, B., and Rimpault, G.
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AbstractFast reactor designs are currently being revisited aiming at having a consolidated safety dossier. In that frame, studying any perturbation of nominal operating condition is mandatory.Among different initiators, particular attention is being paid to reactivity insertion due to core assembly bowing and deformation and induced lattice readjustments as a consequence of events such as earthquakes.In this study, a deterministic calculation scheme based on the mesh projection method has been used in order to evaluate the reactivity changes occurring in a deformed sodium fast reactor core.With the microscopic cross sections calculated by ECCO, full three-dimensional core calculations are being conducted with ERANOS (DIF3D), VARIANT, and SNATCH to solve neutron transport equations in either diffusion, nodal variational, or Sntransport approximations.A simple analytical model based on perturbation theory has been developed to identify the main phenomena leading to changes in the core reactivity. Reactivity changes induced by small deformations can be estimated as a summation of reactivity perturbations of individual subassemblies.The results obtained with this method have been checked by comparing them to those obtained with Monte Carlo simulations. A good agreement is being found allowing the use of this method in realistic problems with significant computer resource reduction.The different contributions to the reactivity changes confirm the results of the analytical model.
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- 2015
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5. Développement d'un système laser XeCl nanoseconde de forte énergie (Résultats préliminaires)
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Uteza, O., Delaporte, Ph., Fontaine, B., Sentis, M., Branly, S., Makarov, M., Pealat, M., Uteza, O., Delaporte, Ph., Fontaine, B., Sentis, M., Branly, S., Makarov, M., and Pealat, M.
- Abstract
La génération de rayons X incohérents à partir d'un plasma créé par laser UV requiert une intensité laser sur cible de 1011-1013W/cm2. Pour atteindre cet objectif, SOPRA en collaboration avec IRPHE développe un système laser XeCl "oscillateur-amplificateur" de courte durée d'impulsion (1 ns), de forte énergie (1 J) et de divergence modérée (tâche focale < 1 mm2). Nous présentons ici des résultats préliminaires liés à sa mise au point.
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- 1999
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6. SMALL VOLUME LONG PULSE X RAY PREIONISED XeCl LASER WITH DOUBLE DISCHARGE AND FAST FERRITE MAGNETIC SWITCH
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HUEBER, J. M., KOBHIO, M. N., FONTAINE, B. L., DELAPORTE, Ph., SENTIS, M., FORESTIER, B. M., HUEBER, J. M., KOBHIO, M. N., FONTAINE, B. L., DELAPORTE, Ph., SENTIS, M., and FORESTIER, B. M.
- Abstract
Experimental results obtained with a high efficiency small volume long pulse X-Ray preionised XeCl laser with double discharge and very fast ferrite magnetic switch are presented and compared with the results given by a new XeCl laser numerical self consistant model. The model takes into account most recent kinetic data and time variation of discharge impedence and switch inductance. There is a good agreement between experiment and model on electrical and laser parameters for typical conditions.
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- 1991
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7. RECENT PROGRESS AT IMFM ON EXCIMER LASERS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS
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FONTAINE, B., DELAPORTE, Ph., FORESTIER, B., SENTIS, M., AUTRIC, M., BOURNOT, Ph., DUFRESNE, D., INGLESAKIS, G., FONTAINE, B., DELAPORTE, Ph., FORESTIER, B., SENTIS, M., AUTRIC, M., BOURNOT, Ph., DUFRESNE, D., and INGLESAKIS, G.
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Recent progress made at IMFM on excimer lasers and their applications is presented. It mainly concerns high power and pulse rate frequency discharge excimer lasers, high energy E-Beam pumped excimer lasers, new excitation schemes, photolysis excitation of uv-visible lasers by sliding discharges, new vuv sources using ionic excimers and processing or elaboration of materials with excimer lasers.
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- 1991
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8. Excimer lasers in France
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FONTAINE, B. L. and FONTAINE, B. L.
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An overview of recent progress in France in physics of excimer lasers and applications of this class of lasers is presented. Particular focus is made on work made in the frame of Eureka Eurolaser Excimer laser program (EU 205). This program, which started in 1987, associates laboratories and industrials from 5 european contries (France, Greece, RFA, Sueden and UK) for research and development on discharge excited excimer lasers and specific applications with the goal to develop a 1-3 KW average power UV Industrial excimer laser. This programm as very recently allowed the achievement in France of a 1 KW average power XeCl laser (λ = 308 nm). Most recent progress achieved on this program in the frame of GDR 919 CNRS "excimer lasers" are reviewed. Emphasis is made on plasma dynamics and discharge stability, atomic and molecular kinetics, laser modeling, optics, fluid-dynamics and coupled phenomena as well as system technical characteristics and performances. A review of recent work made at GDR 919 CNRS on specific applications of high average power excimer lasers is also presented with a particular focus on material processing (surface hardening, thin films elaboration, microelectronics related processing). The physico-chemical processes inside the plasma plume during thin film elaboration is described in details. At last, a short description is made of researchs on new methods of rare gas halide excimer lasers pumping and new promising excimer lasers shemes including active medium excitation by uncoherent light from a sliding discharge on formed ferrite and ionic excimers VUV lasers potentialities.
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- 1994
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9. Nouvelles sources photoniques VUV à pompage collisionnel
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Fontaine, B., Sentis, M., Fontaine, B., and Sentis, M.
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- 1992
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10. Excimères ioniques triatomiques d'alcalin gaz rare
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Delaporte, Ph., Voitik, M., Tarras, Ch., Sentis, M., Uteza, O., Fontaine, B., Forestier, B., Delaporte, Ph., Voitik, M., Tarras, Ch., Sentis, M., Uteza, O., Fontaine, B., and Forestier, B.
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- 1997
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11. Interpretation of the Control Rod Withdrawal Test in the Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor Phénix
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Pascal, V., Prulhière, G., Vanier, M., and Fontaine, B.
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AbstractBefore the definitive shutdown of the prototype Phénix, a final set of experiments was performed to gather important data about the operation and safety of sodium-cooled fast reactors (SFRs).Among the accident sequences that are to be taken into account, inadvertent withdrawal of a control rod is considered. During operation at nominal power, such a sequence induces a general power increase and local deformations of the power shape. Afterward, local fuel temperature increases can thereby lead to fuel melting and clad failure.The quasi-static control rod withdrawal test was specially designed to gather local power data on fissile assemblies and to complete validation databases of neutronic codes. The maximal deformation of the power shape reached ±12% and was obtained when two control rods were shifted in opposite directions.The test analysis was conducted with the neutronics code ERANOS-2.2. Comparisons between calculated and measured values were satisfying. Most of the discrepancies in power estimation can be explained by measurement problems (heat transfer, sodium mixing).The association of ERANOS-2.2 and the nuclear library JEFF-3.1, presently used for the predesign phase of the ASTRID reactor, constitutes an acceptable predictive tool for local and integral parameter estimations in SFRs, specifically in the evaluation of the control rod withdrawal incident.
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- 2013
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12. Methodology for Designing a Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor with Inherent Safety
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Stauff, N. E., Buiron, L., Fontaine, B., and Rimpault, G.
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Sodium-cooled fast reactors (SFRs) remain the favorite candidate in France for a Generation IV (Gen IV) reactor fleet to be deployed within this century. Compared with earlier generations (Phénix, Superphénix, and European fast reactor), Gen IV SFRs require attractive economics together with enhanced safety and nonproliferation criteria. An innovative approach named Mathematical Estimation of Transients for Reactor design Orientation (METRO) has been developed with the objective of taking into account both SFR core economic performance and SFR transient incident behavior at an early stage of the core design process. Loss-of-flow, loss-of-heat-sink, and overpower transients are evaluated. Simplified modeling of transients has been developed and benchmarked against reference calculations with satisfactory results. The METRO approach to assessing the efficiency of design orientations is described in the following and applied to a carbide-fueled reactor core.
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- 2013
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13. Banded geckos, Gekko vittatus(Reptilia, Gekkonidae), as the main prey of barn owls (Tyto alba) on the Torres Islands (northern Vanuatu)
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Ineich, I, Pregill, G, Fontaine, B, and Gargominy, O
- Abstract
AbstractA large sample of bones representing prey remains of barn owls (Tyto alba) was collected from the surface of the floor of a cave on Toga Island, Torres Islands, a remote island of northern Vanuatu. These remains allowed us to obtain a first overview of the prey of barn owls on that island, knowing that elsewhere mammals constitute the major prey group. The dominant prey species were banded geckos (Gekko vittatus—47% of prey individuals found in our bone sample) followed by rats (Rattusspp.—35%). Also present were lesser numbers of other gecko species (Gehyra oceanica, Nactus multicarinatus), skinks (Emoiaspp.), birds, and bats. Data show that nocturnal birds of prey remain important predators of large geckos on Toga Island. This finding contradicts interpretations of other late historical (following human colonisation), non-cultural bone assemblages from barn owls from other Pacific islands, where rats have replaced geckos as primary prey. The same situation as reported on Toga Island occurs in other places like the Canary Islands where barn owls also prey predominantly on an endemic gecko species. These observations suggest that the barn owl is an opportunistic predator taking whatever prey is available. The unanswered question is why geckos are the most frequent prey of barn owls on some islands and not on others.
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- 2012
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14. Neuromyelitis optica and pregnancy
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Bourre, B., Marignier, R., Zéphir, H., Papeix, C., Brassat, D., Castelnovo, G., Collongues, N., Vukusic, S., Labauge, P., Outteryck, O., Fontaine, B., Vermersch, P., Confavreux, C., and de Seze, J.
- Abstract
The purpose of our study was to assess the influence of pregnancy on the course of neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and the impact of epidural analgesia and breastfeeding on its activity in the postpartum period.
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- 2012
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15. EFNS guidelines on the molecular diagnosis of channelopathies, epilepsies, migraine, stroke and dementias.
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Burgunder, J. M., Finsterer, J., Szolnoki, Z., Fontaine, B., Baets, J., Van Broeckhoven, C., Di Donato, S., De Jonghe, P., Lynch, T., Mariotti, C., Schols, L., Spinazzola, A., Tabrizi, S. J., Tallaksen, C., Zeviani, M., Harbo, H. F., and Gasser, T.
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- 2011
16. EFNS guidelines on the molecular diagnosis of ataxias and spastic paraplegias.
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T.Gasser, Finsterer, J., Baets, J., Van Broeckhoven, C., Di Donato, S., Fontaine, B., De Jonghe, P., Lossos, A., Lynch, T., Mariotti, C., Schols, L., Spinazzola, A., Szolnoki, Z., Tabrizi, S. J., Tallaksen, C. M., Zeviani, M., Burgunder, J. M., and Harbo, H. F.
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- 2011
17. Long-term follow-up of neuromyelitis optica with a pediatric onset(CME)
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Collongues, N., Marignier, R., Zéphir, H., Papeix, C., Fontaine, B., Blanc, F., Rodriguez, D., Fleury, M., Vukusic, S., Pelletier, J., Audoin, B., Thouvenot, E., Camu, W., Barroso, B., Ruet, A., Brochet, B., Vermersch, P., Confavreux, C., and de Seze, J.
- Abstract
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a rare inflammatory disease. Average age at onset is 35 years. Few data exist on patients with pediatric-onset NMO (p-NMO), with disease onset before age 18 years. We report the clinical and paraclinical features and long-term outcome of patients with p-NMO and compare them with a large adult-onset NMO (a-NMO) cohort.
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- 2010
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18. Severe neonatal episodic laryngospasm due to de novo SCN4Amutations
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Lion-Francois, L., Mignot, C., Vicart, S., Manel, V., Sternberg, D., Landrieu, P., Lesca, G., Broussolle, E., Billette de Villemeur, T., Napuri, S., des Portes, V., and Fontaine, B.
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Myotonia is unusual in infants, and not well-known.
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- 2010
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19. Neuromyelitis optica in France
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Collongues, N., Marignier, R., Zéphir, H., Papeix, C., Blanc, F., Ritleng, C., Tchikviladzé, M., Outteryck, O., Vukusic, S., Fleury, M., Fontaine, B., Brassat, D., Clanet, M., Milh, M., Pelletier, J., Audoin, B., Ruet, A., Lebrun-Frenay, C., Thouvenot, E., Camu, W., Debouverie, M., Créange, A., Moreau, T., Labauge, P., Castelnovo, G., Edan, G., Le Page, E., Defer, G., Barroso, B., Heinzlef, O., Gout, O., Rodriguez, D., Wiertlewski, S., Laplaud, D., Borgel, F., Tourniaire, P., Grimaud, J., Brochet, B., Vermersch, P., Confavreux, C., and de Seze, J.
- Abstract
There have been few epidemiologic studies on neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and none used the recent 2006 diagnostic criteria. Here we describe the clinical, laboratory, MRI, and disability course of NMO in a French cohort of 125 patients.
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- 2010
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20. Mutation analysis of the paraplegin gene (SPG7) in patients with hereditary spastic paraplegia
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Elleuch, N, Depienne, C, Benomar, A, Hernandez, A M. Ouvrard, Ferrer, X, Fontaine, B, Grid, D, Tallaksen, C M.E., Zemmouri, R, Stevanin, G, Durr, A, and Brice, A
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Mutations in the SPG7gene, which encodes paraplegin, are responsible for an autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP).
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- 2006
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21. The primary periodic paralyses: diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment
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Venance, S. L., Cannon, S. C., Fialho, D., Fontaine, B., Hanna, M. G., Ptacek, L. J., Tristani-Firouzi, M., Tawil, R., and Griggs, R. C.
- Abstract
Periodic paralyses (PPs) are rare inherited channelopathies that manifest as abnormal, often potassium (K)-sensitive, muscle membrane excitability leading to episodic flaccid paralysis. Hypokalaemic (HypoPP) and hyperkalaemic PP and Andersen-Tawil syndrome are genetically heterogeneous. Over the past decade mutations in genes encoding three ion channels, CACN1AS, SCN4A and KCNJ2, have been identified and account for at least 70% of the identified cases of PP and several allelic disorders. No prospective clinical studies have followed sufficiently large cohorts with characterized molecular lesions to draw precise conclusions. We summarize current knowledge of the clinical diagnosis, molecular genetics, genotype–phenotype correlations, pathophysiology and treatment in the PPs. We focus on unresolved issues including (i) Are there additional ion channel defects in cases without defined mutations? (ii) What is the mechanism for depolarization-induced weakness in Hypo PP? and finally (iii) Will detailed electrophysiological studies be able to correctly identify specific channel mutations? Understanding the pathophysiology of the potassium-sensitive PPs ought to reduce genetic complexity, allow subjects to be stratified during future clinical trials and increase the likelihood of observing true clinical effects. Ideally, therapy for the PPs will prevent attacks, avoid permanent weakness and improve quality of life. Moreover, understanding the skeletal muscle channelopathies will hopefully lead to insights into the more common central nervous system channel diseases such as migraine and epilepsy.
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- 2006
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22. Canaux ioniques dépendants du voltage et maladies neuromusculaires
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Bourdain, F. and Fontaine, B.
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Voltage-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that allow muscular and neuronal excitability. Many diseases are associated with genetic or acquired dysfunction of these channels. Recently, the classification of these diseases has been moving from clinical descriptions to genotype and pathophysiology. The first model of channel disease in neurology was muscular. Dyskalaemic paralysis, several non dystrophic myotonic syndromes, malignant hyperthermia and some myopathies are well known genetic entities, for which doctors and caregivers are organizing into specialized networks. Neuronal diseases have also been identified: neuromyotonia, episodic ataxias, a growing number of epileptic syndromes and familial hemiplegic migraine are examples. Finally, in many neurological diseases, particularly auto-immune and degenerative diseases, there may be a pathophysiological implication for ion channels. This consideration should lead to new therapeutic targets in the future. Channel diseases are a unique model for the study of the normal and abnormal functions of the muscles and nervous system, as shown by the increasing number of publications upon the topic.
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- 2005
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23. New mutations of SCN4Acause a potassium-sensitive normokalemic periodic paralysis
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Vicart, S, Sternberg, D, Fournier, E, Ochsner, F, Laforet, P, Kuntzer, T, Eymard, B, Hainque, B, and Fontaine, B
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Periodic paralysis is classified into hypokalemic (hypoPP) and hyperkalemic (hyperPP) periodic paralysis according to variations of blood potassium levels during attacks.
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- 2004
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24. A preliminary study on the social relationships in a semi-free ranging colony of sun-tailed monkeys (Cercopithecus solatus), a species recently discovered in gabon
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Peignot, P., Fontaine, B., and Wickings, E. J.
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In 1984, a species of guenon endemic to Gabon was discovered: the sun-tailed monkey (Cercopithecus solatus). This species is difficult to locate and observe in the wild, and hence to date has been little studied. The Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Gabon, houses the world’s only breeding colony ofC. solatus, on which eco-ethological investigations can be carried out in a semi-free ranging environment. The data reported here present the first results of observations on the social relationships of this colony and support the scant field observations available on this species, showing a basic social unit of one adult male and several females with their offspring. The resident male systematically repulses any second adult male in proximity to the group. A clear hierarchy exists among the females, with mature female offspring eventually acquiring a rank just below that of their mother.
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- 2002
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25. Correlating multiple MRI parameters with clinical features: an attempt to define a new strategy in multiple sclerosis
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Tourbah, A., Stievenart, J. L., Abanou, A., Fontaine, B., Cabanis, E. A., and Lyon-Caen, O.
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Abstract: MRI is the most powerful imaging technique in managing patients with suspected or confirmed multiple sclerosis (MS). However, conventional MRI variables show nonspecific abnormalities weakly correlated with clinical progression of the disease. New techniques, now routinely available, offer better characterisation of the pathophysiology. We combined conventional MRI, including lesion load, contrast enhancement and “black holes” with magnetisation transfer and diffusion-weighted imaging and localised proton MR spectroscopy (MRS) to study their relationship with disability, course and duration of MS. The variables that were the most significantly linked to the course of the disease (relapsing remitting versus secondary progressive) were lesion load, mean overall magnetisation transfer ratio and apparent diffusion coefficient (MGADC), the percentage of ADC in (PADCIMD), and out of (PADCOMD) modal distribution, and the ratio N-acetylaspartate and creatine-containing compounds on MRS of the centrum semiovale. MGADC and PADCIMD were the independent factors most related to disability and duration of disease. Combining MRI techniques is clinically relevant and feasible for studies of MS and may be applied to other diseases of the central nervous system.
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- 2001
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26. Hypokalaemic periodic paralysis type 2 caused by mutations at codon 672 in the muscle sodium channel gene SCN4A.
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Sternberg, D, Maisonobe, T, Jurkat-Rott, K, Nicole, S, Launay, E, Chauveau, D, Tabti, N, Lehmann-Horn, F, Hainque, B, and Fontaine, B
- Abstract
Hypokalaemic periodic paralysis (hypoPP) is an autosomal dominant muscle disorder characterized by episodic attacks of muscle weakness associated with a decrease in blood potassium levels. Mutations in the gene encoding the skeletal muscle voltage-gated calcium channel alpha-1 subunit (CACNL1A3) account for the majority of cases. Recently, mutations in the gene coding for the skeletal muscle voltage-gated sodium channel alpha subunit (SCN4A) have been reported in a small number of hypoPP families. In order to determine the relative frequency of the CANCL1A3 and SCN4A mutations in a large population of hypoPP patients, and to specify the clinical and pathological features associated with each of them, we searched for mutations in 58 independent hypoPP index cases. We detected the causative mutation in 45 cases: 40 were linked to the CACNL1A3 gene and five to the SCN4A gene. One mutation has not been described before. Some remarkable clinical features were observed in a large hypoPP family carrying an SCN4A mutation: a complete penetrance in men and women, an early age at onset, postcritic myalgias and an increased number and severity of attacks induced by acetazolamide. A muscle biopsy, performed in two members of this family, revealed a peculiar myopathy characterized by tubular aggregates. In contrast, vacuoles were predominant in muscles from hypoPP patients carrying CACNL1A3 mutations. Our findings point to the usefulness of a molecular characterization of hypoPP patients in clinical practice. They also provide new clues for understanding the mechanisms behind functional and structural alterations of the skeletal muscle in hypoPP.
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- 2001
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27. Development of a nanosecond oscillator-four pass amplifier XeCl laser system
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Uteza, O., Boyomo-Onana, M., Delaporte, P., Destouches, N., Fontaine, B., and Sentis, M.
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- 2001
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28. No evidence for long CAG/CTG repeats in families with spastic paraplegia linked to chromosome 2p21-24
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Zander, C., Yuan, Q.-P., Lindblad, K., Stevanin, G., Durr, A., Davoine, C.-S., Hazan, J., Fontaine, B., Brice, A., and Schalling, M.
- Published
- 2000
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29. A non linear model for the PWR fuel assembly seismic analysis
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Fontaine, B. and Politopoulos, I.
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- 2000
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30. Localized proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in relapsing remitting versus secondary progressive multiple sclerosis
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Tourbah, A., Stievenart, J. L., Gout, O., Fontaine, B., Liblau, R., Lubetzki, C., Cabanis, E. A., and Lyon-Caen, O.
- Abstract
To determine the efficacy of MRS in discriminating between relapsing remitting (RR) and secondary progressive (SP) MS.
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- 1999
31. The humanCDC42gene: genomic organization, evidence for the existence of a putative pseudogene and exclusion as a SJS1 candidate gene
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Nicole, S., White, P.S., Topaloglu, H., Beigthon, P., Salih, M., Hentati, F., and Fontaine, B.
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Schwartz-Jampel syndrome (SJS) is an autosomal recessive human disorder characterized by myotonia and osteoarticular deformities. Three types are distinguished based on age at onset: types 1A, 1B and 2. We have previously localized the SJS1 gene, responsible for types 1A and 1B, on human chromosome 1p35-p36.1 in a region frequently rearranged in human tumours. TheCDC42gene, for which divergent localizations have previously been described (chromosomes 4, 7 and 20), has been mapped within the SJS1 critical interval by radiation hybrid and yeast/P1 artificial-chromosome-based physical map analyses. TheCDC42gene product is a small GTPase protein of the Rho family mediating a variety of signaling pathways including cytoskeletal rearrangements, cell-cycle progression and transformation. To search for mutations in SJS1 patients, we have determined the organization of the humanCDC42gene on chromosome 1p and found that it encodes for the placental and brain isoforms generated by alternative splicing. No mutations have been found in SJS1 patients, excludingCDC42as the SJS1 gene. Interestingly, we have demonstrated that aCDC42-like transcript gene located on chromosome 4 does not contain introns and is similar to the placental isoform, suggesting that it is a processed pseudogene. The determination of theCDC42gene structure described in this report should facilitate future studies of the potential role ofCDC42in human disorders.
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- 1999
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32. Les maladies musculaires des canaux ioniques
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Fontaine, B.
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- 1999
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33. The human CDC42 gene: genomic organization, evidence for the existence of a putative pseudogene and exclusion as a SJS1 candidate gene
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Nicole, S., White, P.S., Topaloglu, H., Beigthon, P., Salih, M., Hentati, F., and Fontaine, B.
- Abstract
Schwartz-Jampel syndrome (SJS) is an autosomal recessive human disorder characterized by myotonia and osteoarticular deformities. Three types are distinguished based on age at onset: types 1A, 1B and 2. We have previously localized the SJS1 gene, responsible for types 1A and 1B, on human chromosome 1p35-p36.1 in a region frequently rearranged in human tumours. The CDC42 gene, for which divergent localizations have previously been described (chromosomes 4, 7 and 20), has been mapped within the SJS1 critical interval by radiation hybrid and yeast/P1 artificial-chromosome-based physical map analyses. The CDC42 gene product is a small GTPase protein of the Rho family mediating a variety of signaling pathways including cytoskeletal rearrangements, cell-cycle progression and transformation. To search for mutations in SJS1 patients, we have determined the organization of the human CDC42 gene on chromosome 1p and found that it encodes for the placental and brain isoforms generated by alternative splicing. No mutations have been found in SJS1 patients, excluding CDC42 as the SJS1 gene. Interestingly, we have demonstrated that a CDC42-like transcript gene located on chromosome 4 does not contain introns and is similar to the placental isoform, suggesting that it is a processed pseudogene. The determination of the CDC42 gene structure described in this report should facilitate future studies of the potential role of CDC42 in human disorders.
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- 1999
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34. Coupled ocean-atmosphere surface variability and its climate impacts in the tropical Atlantic region
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Fontaine, B., Janicot, Serge, and Roucou, P.
- Abstract
Abstract: This study examines time evolution and statistical relationships involving the two leading ocean-atmosphere coupled modes of variability in the tropical Atlantic and some climate anomalies over the tropical 120 °W–60 °W region using selected historical files (75-y near global SSTs and precipitation over land), more recent observed data (30-y SST and pseudo wind stress in the tropical Atlantic) and reanalyses from the US National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis System on the period 1968–1997: surface air temperature, sea level pressure, moist static energy content at 850 hPa, precipitable water and precipitation. The first coupled mode detected through singular value decomposition of the SST and pseudo wind-stress data over the tropical Atlantic (30 °N–20 °S) expresses a modulation in the thermal transequatorial gradient of SST anomalies conducted by one month leading wind-stress anomalies mainly in the tropical north Atlantic during northern winter and fall. It features a slight dipole structure in the meridional plane. Its time variability is dominated by a quasi-decadal signal well observed in the last 20–30 ys and, when projected over longer-term SST data, in the 1920s and 1930s but with shorter periods. The second coupled mode is more confined to the south-equatorial tropical Atlantic in the northern summer and explains considerably less wind-stress/SST cross-covariance. Its time series features an interannual variability dominated by shorter frequencies with increased variance in the 1960s and 1970s before 1977. Correlations between these modes and the ENSO-like Nino3 index lead to decreasing amplitude of thermal anomalies in the tropical Atlantic during warm episodes in the Pacific. This could explain the nonstationarity of meridional anomaly gradients on seasonal and interannual time scales. Overall the relationships between the oceanic component of the coupled modes and the climate anomaly patterns denote thermodynamical processes at the ocean/atmosphere interface that create anomaly gradients in the meridional plane in a way which tends to alter the north–south movement of the seasonal cycle. This appears to be consistent with the intrinsic non-dipole character of the tropical Atlantic surface variability at the interannual time step and over the recent period, but produces abnormal amplitude and/or delayed excursions of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ). Connections with continental rainfall are approached through three (NCEP/NCAR and observed) rainfall indexes over the Nordeste region in Brazil, and the Guinea and Sahel zones in West Africa. These indices appear to be significantly linked to the SST component of the coupled modes only when the two Atlantic modes+the ENSO-like Nino3 index are taken into account in the regressions. This suggests that thermal forcing of continental rainfall is particularly sensitive to the linear combinations of some basic SST patterns, in particular to those that create meridional thermal gradients. The first mode in the Atlantic is associated with transequatorial pressure, moist static energy and precipitable water anomaly patterns which can explain abnormal location of the ITCZ particularly in northern winter, and hence rainfall variations in Nordeste. The second mode is more associated with in-phase variations of the same variables near the southern edge of the ITCZ, particularly in the Gulf of Guinea during the northern spring and winter. It is primarily linked to the amplitude and annual phase of the ITCZ excursions and thus to rainfall variations in Guinea. Connections with Sahel rainfall are less clear due to the difficulty for the model to correctly capture interannual variability over that region but the second Atlantic mode and the ENSO-like Pacific variability are clearly involved in the Sahel climate interannual fluctuations: anomalous dry (wet) situations tend to occur when warmer (cooler) waters are present in the eastern Pacific and the gulf of Guinea in northern summer which contribute to create a northward (southward) transequatorial anomaly gradient in sea level pressure over West Africa.
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- 1999
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35. Familial factors influence disability in MS multiplex families
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Brassat, D., Azais-Vuillemin, C., Yaouanq, J., Semana, G., Reboul, J., Cournu, I., Mertens, C., Edan, G., Lyon-Caen, O., Clanet, M., and Fontaine, B.
- Abstract
Both genetic and environmental factors play a role in the pathophysiology of MS and may influence the clinical expression of the disease.
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- 1999
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36. Un nouveau schema de prevision statistique des precipitations saheliennes de juillet-septembre (1968-1994)
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Philippon, N. and Fontaine, B.
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- 1999
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37. Novel mutations in the muscle chloride channel CLCN1gene causing myotonia congenita in Spanish families
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de Diego, C., Gámez, J., Plassart-Schiess, E., Lasa, A., Del Río, E., Cervera, C., Baiget, M., Gallano, P., and Fontaine, B.
- Abstract
Mutations in the muscular voltage-dependent chloride channel gene (CLCN1), located at 7q35, lead to recessive and dominant myotonia congenita. We report four novel mutations identified in this gene, after clinical, electromyographic, and genetic studies performed on 13 unrelated families. Two of the four mutations (2512insCTCA and A218T) were identified in families with Thomsen’s disease, one (Q658X) in a family with Becker’s disease, and the fourth (R669C) in a presumably sporadic patient with the Becker phenotype. Although identification of the mutations allows us to establish some genotype/phenotype correlations, this does not wholly account for the clinical heterogenity and the inheritance patterns of the disease.
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- 1999
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38. Capillary zone electrophoresis: An additional technique for the identification of hemoglobin variants
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Lin, C., Cotton, F., Fontaine, B., Gulbis, B., Janssens, J., and Vertongen, F.
- Abstract
Two capillary zone electrophoresis kits (Hb A2 and Hb A1c) were tested for confirmation and identification of hemoglobin variants. The capillary zone electrophoresis experiments were performed at pH 4.7 (Hb A1c kit) and 8.7 (Hb A2 kit) in a 24 cm uncoated fused silica capillary tube (25 μm I.D.). Normal hemoglobins and common hemoglobin variants, including Hbs S, D-Punjab, C, E, O-Arab, and G-Philadelphia, were successfully separated by both methods within a few minutes. Both systems provided completely different elution profiles of normal and abnormal hemoglobin fractions tested and were complementary. The inter-assay coefficient of variations of the migration times of hemoglobin variants were less than 1.0 and 1.3% by the Hb A2 and Hb A1c, respectively. This permits a higher resolution of some hemoglobin variants in low concentrations, like Hb S in newborns, compared with conventional electrophoresis methods. The present capillary zone electrophoresis methods are sensitive, rapid, not labor intensive, and highly selective for the separation of hemoglobin variants. Combination of both methods with some conventional methods, such as isoelectrofocusing, allows identification of Hbs C, E, O-Arab, S, and D-Punjab, as well as their quantification. We have demonstrated that the conventional electrophoresis methods (electrophoresis at pH 6.5 in citrate agar gel and electrophoresis at pH 8.6 on cellulose acetate) can be advantageously replaced by the present capillary zone electrophoresis methods in a clinical laboratory practice for the detection and quantification of hemoglobin variants.
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- 1999
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39. Detection of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha‐subunit mRNA by in situ hybridization at neuromuscular junctions of 15‐day‐old chick striated muscles.
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Fontaine, B., Sassoon, D., Buckingham, M., and Changeux, J. P.
- Abstract
In adult vertebrate striated muscle, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) is almost exclusively localized in the postsynaptic membrane of the neuromuscular junction. Using in situ hybridization, we show that, in two different chicken muscles [the slow multi‐innervated anterior latissimus dorsi (ALD) and the fast singly innervated posterior latissimus dorsi (PLD)], the AChR alpha‐subunit mRNA is detected at discrete regions on myofibres and that these regions co‐localize (80% correspondence) with neuromuscular junctions identified by histochemical staining for acetylcholinesterase. Moreover, autoradiographic grains densely accumulate on and around subsynaptic nuclei. In contrast, hybridization with an actin probe results in a strong signal distributed over the entire length of the myofibres. Denervation increases the level of AChR alpha‐subunit mRNA both in the PLD and to a lesser extent in the ALD. By in situ hybridization we observe that, although a perinuclear pattern is maintained, the labelled nuclei appear randomly distributed among approximately 10% of the nuclei. These results are discussed in a model of AChR gene expression in vertebrate striated muscle fibres.
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- 1988
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40. High repetition rate spiker-sustainer XeCl laser
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Bernard, N., Hofmann, Th., Fontaine, B. L., Delaporte, Ph., Sentis, M., and Forestier, B. M.
- Abstract
An X-ray preionized spiker-sustainer XeCl-excimer laser operating at high repetition frequency (1000 Hz) and 220 W of average laser power is demonstrated. The pulse energy and the pulse duration (160 ns) are virtually independent of the repetition frequency. Comparison with aC-L-C circuit shows superior properties of spiker-sustainer excitation for high-frequency operation. Furthermore, a variation of the overshoot mode is proposed.
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- 1996
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41. Hypokalemic periodic paralysis: an autosomal dominant muscle disorder caused by mutations in a voltage-gated calcium channel
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Lapie, P., Lory, P., and Fontaine, B.
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- 1997
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42. Paramyotonia congenita: genotype to phenotype correlations in two families and report of a new mutation in the sodium channel gene
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Plassart, E, Eymard, B, Maurs, L, Hauw, J.J, Lyon-Caen, O, Fardeau, M, and Fontaine, B
- Abstract
Sodium channel disorders include hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (hyperPP), paramyotonia congenita (PC) and potassium-aggravated myotonia (PAM). PC is a myotonic syndrome characterized by cold-induced muscle stiffness and weakness. In this paper, we report two families. The first is affected by PC with cold-induced stiffness and no weakness, in addition to hyperPP. This family displays the Arg1448Cys mutation in the sodium channel gene originally described in pure PC families. The fact that families with the same mutation present distinct phenotypes indicates that other factors, genetic or environmental, may modulate the expression of the disease in sodium channel disorders. The second family was unusual because patients presented cold-induced weakness without stiffness. A mutation was found in the sodium channel gene that changed an isoleucine into a threonine at position 693. These two families demonstrate that sodium channel mutations may cause either cold-induced stiffness or weakness.
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- 1996
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43. Quality assessment of whole genome mapping data in the refined familial spastic paraplegia interval on chromosome 14q.
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Paternotte, C, Rudnicki, D, Fizames, C, Davoine, C S, Mavel, D, Dürr, A, Samson, D, Marquette, C, Muselet, D, Vega-Czarny, N, Drouot, N, Voit, T, Fontaine, B, Gyapay, G, Auburger, G, Weissenbach, J, and Hazan, J
- Abstract
Autosomal dominant familial spastic paraplegia (AD-FSP) is a genetically heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive spasticity of the lower limbs. Three loci on chromosome 14q (SPG3), 2p (SPG4), and 15q (SPG6) were shown to be responsible for AD-FSP. Analysis of recombination events in three SPG3-linked families allowed us to narrow the critical interval from 9 to 5 cM. An approximately 5-Mb YAC contig comprising 32 clones and 90 STSs was built from D14S301 to D14S991, encompassing this region of 14q21. Fifty-six ESTs assigned previously to this region with radiation hybrid (RH) panels Genebridge 4 and G3 were precisely localized on the YAC contig. The 90 STSs positioned on the contig were tested on the TNG RH panel to compare our YAC-based map with an RH map at a high level of resolution. Comparison between our map and the whole genome mapping data on this interval of chromosome 14q is discussed.
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- 1998
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44. A systematic study of oligodendrocyte growth factors as candidates for genetic susceptibility to MS
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Mertens, C., Brassat, D., Reboul, J., Eichenbaum-Voline, S., Vuillemin-Azais, C., Cournu, I., Babron, M. C., Semana, G., Edan, G., Clanet, M., Clerget-Darpoux, F., Baron-Van Evercooren, A., Lyon-Caen, O., Liblau, R., and Fontaine, B.
- Abstract
To test 23 genes coding for growth factors and their receptors as candidates for MS genetic susceptibility in 84 multiplex families of French origin by linkage analysis.
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- 1998
45. Performance Characteristics Of A High PRF And High Power XeCl Discharge Laser
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Sentis, M. L., Delaporte, P., Forestier, B. M., and Fontaine, B. L.
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- 1989
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46. Recessive Schwartz-Jampel syndrome (SJS): confirmation of linkage to chromosome 1p, evidence of genetic homogeneity and reduction of the SJS locus to a 3-cM interval
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Fontaine, B., Nicole, Sophie, Topaloglu, Haluk, Hamida, C. Ben, Beighton, Peter, Spaans, Frank, Cantu, Jose M. A., Bakouri, Salim, Romero, Norma, Ricker, K., Barros-Nunez, Patricio, Ponsot, Gérard, Hamida, M. Ben, Weissenbach, Jean, Hentati, F., and Lehmann-Horn, Frank
- Abstract
Abstract: Schwartz-Jampel syndrome (SJS), or chondrodystrophic myotonia, is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by generalized myotonia resulting in a particular, recognizable facies and osteoarticular abnormalities. Some of us have recently shown genetic linkage of SJS to a locus on 1p34–p36.1 in five families. Here, we show by homozygosity mapping and segregation analysis that eight new families are most likely linked to the SJS locus on chromosome 1, confirming the localization of SJS to chromosome 1p and suggesting genetic homogeneity. Recombination events reduced the SJS locus from a genetic interval of 8 to 3 cM, which should facilitate the identification of the SJS gene. Low clinical variability was observed between the studied families, except for osteoarticular abnormalities. Since the severity and the location of osteoarticular abnormalities varied from one individual to another, even in the same families, other factors than the SJS gene itself, genetic or epigenetic, might contribute to the phenotype.
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- 1996
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47. Evolution saisonniere des correlations entre precipitations en Afrique guineenne et temperatures de surface de la mer (1945-1994)
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Janicot, S. and Fontaine, B.
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- 1997
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48. Fourth meeting of the European Neurological Society 25–29 June 1994 Barcelona, Spain
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Harms, L., Bock, A., JÄnisch, W., Valdueza, J., Weber, J., Link, I., De Keyser, J., Goossens, A., Wilczak, N., Vedeler, C., Bjorge, L., Uvestad, E., Conti, G., Williams, K., Ginsberg, L., Rafique, S., Rapoport, S. I., Gershfeld, N. L., De La Meilleure, G., Crevits, L., Faiss, J. H., Heye, N., Blanke, J., Sackmann, A., Kastrup, O., Doornbos, R., van der Worp, H. B., Kappelle, L. J., Bar, P. R., Davie, C. A., Barker, G. J., Brenton, D., Miller, D. H., Thompson, A. J., Block, F., Schwarz, M., Delodovici, L., Baruzzi, F., Bonaldi, G., Dario, A., Marra, A., Mercuri, A., Dworzak, F., Cavallari, P., Confalonieri, P., Zuffi, M., Antozzi, C., Cornelio, F., Baldissera, F., Chassande, B., Ameri, A., Eymard, B., Poisson, M., Vérier, A., Brunet, P., Congia, S., Murgia, P. L., Cannas, A., Borghero, G., Uselli, S., Mellino, G., Ferrai, R., Lampis, R., Massa, R., Muzzetto, B., Giannini, F., Rossi, S., Cioni, R., d'Aniello, C., Guarneri, A., Battistini, N., Ceriani, F., Del Santo, A., Poloni, M., Campo, J. F., Iglesias, F., Guitera, M. V., Farinas, C., Pascual, J., Leno, C., Berciano, J., Thorpe, I. W., Kendall, B. E., McDonald, W. I., Moulignier, A., Dromer, F., Baudrimont, M., Dupont, B., Gozlan, J., El Amrani, M., Petit, J. C., Roullet, E., Sterzi, R., Causaran, R., Protti, A., Riva, M., Erminio, F., Arena, O., Villa, F., Maccagnano, E., Miletta, M., Spinelli, F., Ben-Hur, T., Weidenfeldl, J., Rao, N. S., Chari, C. C., Laforet, P., Matheron, S., Adams, D., Chemouilli, Ph., Desi, M., Said, G., Davous, P., Lionnet, F., Pulik, M., Genet, P., Rozenberg, F., Cartier, L. M., Castillo, J. L., Cea, J. G., Villagra, R., de Saint Martin, L., Mahieux, F., Manifacier, M. J., Mattos, K., Queiros, C., Publio, L., Vinhas, V., PeÇanha-Martins, A. C., Melo, A., Liska, U., Zifko, U., Budka, H., Drlicek, M., Grisold, W., Kaufmann, R., Kaiser, R., Czygan, M., Gomes, I., Jones, N., Cunha, S., EmbiruÇu, E. Katiane, Vieira, V., Araujo, I., Alexandra, M., Ferreira, A., Goes, J., Chemouilli, P., Israel-Biet, Masson, H., Lacroix, C., Gasnault, J., Hildebrandt-Müller, B., Oschmann, P., Krack, P., Willems, W. R., Dorndorf, W., Freitas, V., Bittencourt, A., Fernandes, D., Nascimento, M. H., Severo, M., Moraes, D., Muller, M., Hasert, K., Merkelbach, S., Schimrigk, K., van Oosten, B. W., Lai, M., Polman, C. H., Bertelsmann, F. W., Hodgkinson, S., Cabre, P. H., Volpe, L., Smadja, D., Vernant, J. P., Villaroya, H., Violleau, K., Younes-Chennoufi, A. Ben, Baumann, N., Villanueva-Hemandez, P., Ballabriga, J., Basart, E., Arbizu, T. X., Perez-Serra, J., Vinuels, F., Giron, J. M., Castilla, J. M., Redondo, L., Izquierdo, G., Lauer, K., Henneberg, A., Bittmann, N., Link, D., Wollinsky, K. H., Mobner, R., Fassbender, K., Kuhnen, J., Schwartz, A., Hennerici, M., Miller, A., Lider, O., Abramsky, O., Weiner, H. L., Offner, H., Vanderbark, A. A., Paoino, E., Fainardi, E., Addonizio, M. C., Ruppi, P., Tola, M. R., Granieri, E., Carreras, M., Sazdovitch, V., Joutel, A., Verdier-taillefer, M. H., Heinzlef, O., Radder, C., Tournier-Lasserve, E., Brenner, R. E., Munro, P. M. G., Williams, S. C. R., Bell, J. D., Hawkins, C. P., Filippi, M., Campi, A., Dousset, V., Canal, N., Comi, G., Zhu, J., Weber, F., Retska, R., List, J., Zhang, L., Brock, M., Taphoorn, M. J. B., Heimans, J. J., van der Veen, E. A., Karim, A. B. M. F., Sarazin, M., Argentino, N., Delattre, J. Y., Derkinderen, P., Buchwald, B., Schroter, G., Serve, G., Franke, C. H., Conrad, B., Kitchen, N. D., Thomas, D. G. T., Forman, A. D., Ang, Kie- Kian, Price, R., Stephens, C., Salmaggi, A., Nermni, R., Silvani, A., Forno, M. G., Luksch, R., Boiardi, A., Grzelec, H., Fryze, C., Nowacki, P., Zdziarska, B., Sanson, M., Merel, P., Richard, S., Rouleau, G., Thomas, G., Olsen, N. K., Pfeiffer, P., Egund, N., Bentzen, S. M., Johannesen, L., Mondrup, K., Rose, C., Zyluk, B., Wondrusch, E., Berger, O., Fast, N., Jellinger, K., Lindner, K., Urman, A., Thibault, J. L., Duyckaerts, Ch., Strik, H., Muller, B., Richter, E., Krauseneck, P., Steinbrecher, A., Schabet, M., Hess, C., Bamberg, M., Dichgans, J., Counsell, C. E., McLeod, M., Grant, R., Creel, G. B., Claus, D., Sieber, E., Engelhardt, A., Rechlin, T., Thierauf, P., Neubauer, U., Peresson, M., Di Giovacchino, G., Romani, G. L., Di Silverio, F., Danek, A., Kuffner, M., Hoermann, R., Schopohl, J., Laska, M., Heye, B., Zangaladze, A. T., Valls-SoIè, J., Cammarota, A., Alvarez, R., Tolosa, E., Hallett, M., Ulbricht, D., Ganslandt, O., Kober, H., Vieth, J., Grummich, P., Pongratz, H., Brigel, C., Fahlbusch, R., Serra, F. P., Palma, V., Nolfe, G., Buscaino, G. A., Rothstein, T. L., Gibson, J. M., Morrison, P. M., Collins, A. D., Eiselt, M., Wagnur, H., Zwiener, U., Schindler, T., Efendi, H., Ertekin, C., Erfas, M., Larsson, L. E., Sirin, H., AraÇ, N., Toygar, A., Demir, Y., Seddigh, S., Vogt, T. H., Hundemer, H., Visbeck, A., Pastena, L., Faralli, F., Mainardi, G., Gagliardi, R., Linden, D., Berlit, P., Lopez, O. L., Becker, J. T., Jungreis, C., Brenner, R., Rezek, D., Dekesky, S. T., Estol, C., Boller, F., Fernandez, J. M., Mederer, S., Batlle, J., Turon, A., Codina, A., Hitzenberger, P., Vila, N., Valls-SolÇ, J., Chamorro, A., Pouget, J., Schmied, A., Morin, D., Azulay, J. Ph., Vedel, J. P., Montalt, J., Escudero, J., Barona, R., Campos, A., Varli, K., Ertem, E., Uludag, B., Yagiz, A., Privorkin, Z., Steinvil, Y., Kott, E., Combarros, O., Sanchez-Pernaute, R., Orizaola, P., Mokrusch, Th., Kutluaye, E., Selcuki, D., Ertikin, C., Zettl, U., Gold, R., Harvey, G. K., Hartung, H. P., Toyka, K. V., Wokke, J. H. J., Oey, P. L., Ippel, P. F., Jansen, G. H., Franssen, H., Toyooka, K., Fujimura, H., Ueno, S., Yoshikawa, H., Yorifuji, S., Yanagihara, T., Talamon, C., Tzourio, C., Kiefer, R., Jung, S., Toyka, K., Ruolt, I., Tranchant, C., Mohr, M., Warter, J. M., Younger, D. S., Rosoklija, G., Hays, A. P., Kurita, R., Hasegawa, O., Matsumto, M., Komiyama, A., Nara, Y., Oueslati, S., Belal, S., Turki, I., Ben Hamida, C., Hentati, F., Ben Hamida, M., Kwiecinski, H., Krolicki, L., Domzal-Stryga, A., Dellemijn, P. L. I., van Deventer, P., van Moll, B., Drogendijk, T., Vecht, Ch. J., Nemni, S., Amadio, Fazio, R., Galardin, G., Delodovici, M. L., Peghi, E., Monticelli, M. L., Sessa, A., Viguera, M. L., Palomar, M., Gamez, J., Cervera, C., Navarro, C., Serena, J., Duran, I., Fernandez, A. L., Comabella, M., Nos, C., Rio, J., Montalban, J., Navarro, X., Verdu, E., Darbra, S., Buti, M., Mrabet, A., Fredj, M., Gouider, R., Tounsi, H., Khalfallah, N., Haddad, A., Dbaiss, T., Ghnassia, R., Rouillet, E., Chedru, F., Porsche, H., Strenge, H., Li, S. W., Young, Y. P., Garcia, A. A., Baron, P., Scarpini, E., Bianchi, R., Conti, A., Livraghi, S., Rees, J. H., Gregson, N. A., Hughes, R. A. C., Sedano, M. J., Calleja, J., Canga, E., Bahou, Y., Biary, N., Al Deeb, S. M., Guern, E. L. E., Gugenheim, M., Tardieu, S., Aisonobe, T. M., Agid, Y., Bouche, P., Brice, A., Rautenstrauss, B., Nelis, E., Grehl, H., Van Broeckhoven, C., Pfeiffer, R. A., Liehr, T., Ganzmann, E., Gehring, C., Neundörfer, B., Geremia, L., Doronzo, R., Sacilotto, G., Sergi, P., Pastorino, G. C., Scarlato, G., Planté-Bordeneuve, V., Mantel, A., Baas, F., Moser, H., Antonini, A., Psylla, M., Günther, I., Vontobell, P., Beer, H. F., Leenders, K. L., Chaudhuri, K. Ray, Parker, J., Pye, I. F., Millac, P. A. H., Abbott, R. J., Sutter, M., Albani, C., de Rijk, M. C., Breteler, M. M. B., Graveland, G. A., van der Mechè, F. G. A., Hofman, A., Keipes, M., Hilger, Ch., Diederich, N., Metz, H., Hentges, F., Pollak, P., Benabid, A. L., Limousin, P., Hoffmann, D., Benazzouz, A., Perret, J., Laihinen, A., Rinne, J. O., Ruottinen, H., Nagren, K., Lehikoinen, P., Oikonen, V., Ruotsalainen, U., Rinne, U. K., Cocozza, S., Pizzuti, A., Cavalcanti, F., Monticelli, A., Pianese, L., Redolfi, E., Paiau, F., Di Donato, S., Pandolfo, M., Palau, F., Monros, E., De Michele, G., Smeyers, P., Lopez-ArLandis, J., Uilchez, J., Filla, A., Genis, D., Matilla, T., Volpini, V., Blanchs, M. I., Davalos, A., Molins, A., Rosell, J., Estivill, X., De Jonghe, P., Smeyers, G., Krols, L., Mercelis, R., Hazan, J., Weissenbach, J., Martin, J. J., Warner, T. A. T., Williams, L., Orb, A. S., Harding, A. E., Giunti, P., Sweeney, M. G., Spadaro, M., Jodice, C., Novelletto, A., Malaspina, P., Frontali, M., Salmon, E., Gregoire, Fiore, Del, Comar, Franck, G., Scheltens, P. H., Siegfried, K., Dartigues, E., De Deyn, P., Horn, R., Nelson, I., Hanna, M. G., Morgan-Hughes, J. A., Collinge, J., Palmer, M. S., Campbell, T., Mahal, S., Sidle, K., Humphreys, C., Tavitian, B., Pappata, S., Jobert, A., Crouzel, A. M., DiGiamberardino, L., Steimetz, G., Barbanti, P., Fabbrini, G., Salvatore, M., Buzzi, M. G., Di Piero, V., Petraroli, R., Sbriccoli, A., Pocchiari, M., Macchi, G., Lenzi, G. L., Spiegel, R., Maguire, P., Schmid, W., Ott, A., Bots, M. L., Grobbe, D. E., Hofman, A., Howard, R. S., Russell, S., Losseff, N., Hirsch, N. P., Couderc, R., Bailleul, S., Nargeot, M. C., Touchon, J., Picot, M. C., Rizzo, M., Watson, G., McGehee, D., Dingus, T., Kappos, L., Radü, E. W., Haas, J., Hartard, C. H., Spuler, S., Yousry, T., Voltz, R., Scheller, A., Holler, E., Hohlfeld, R., Scolding, N. J., Sussman, J., Kolar, O. J., Farlow, M. 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X., Francis, D., Mosely, I., Hansen, H. C., Helmke, K., Kunze, K., Sadzot, B., Maquet, P., Lemaire, Plenevaux, Damhaut, Sommer, C., Myers, R. R., Berta, E., Mantegazza, R., Argov, Z., Shapira, Y., Wirguin, I., Beuuer, J., Franke, C., Roberts, M., Willison, H., Vincent, A., Newsom-Davis, J., Morrison, K. E., Damels, R., Francis, M., Campbell, L., Davies, K. E., Kohler, W., Bucka, C., Hertel, G., Kanovsky, P., Auer, D., Ackermann, H., Klose, U., Naegele, Th., Bien, S., Voigt, K., Fink, G. R., Stephan, K. M., Wise, R. J. S., Mullatti, N., Hewer, L., Frackowiak, R. S. J., Weiller, C. S., Rijnites, M., Jueptner, M., Bauermann, T., Krams, M., Diener, H. C., van Walderveen, M. A. A., Barkhof, F., Hommes, O. R., Valk, J., Willmer, J. P., Guzman, D. A., Passingham, R. E., Silbersweig, D., Ceballos-Baumann, A., Frith, C. D., Frackowiak, R., Lucas, C. H., Goullard, L., Marchau, M. J., Godefroy, O., Rondepierre, P. H., Chamas, E., Mounier-Vehier, F., Leys, D., Renato, J., Verdugo, M. S. C., Campero, M., Jose, L., Ochoa, D. S. C., Vivancos, F., Tejedor, E. Diez, Martinez, N., Roda, J., Frank, A., Barreiro, P., Satoh, Y., Nagata, K., Maeda, T., Hirata, Y., YalÇinerner, B., Ozkara, C., Ozer, F., Ozer, S., Hanoglu, L., Zunker, P., Pozo, J. L., Oberwittler, C., Schick, A., Buschmann, H. -Ch., Ringelstein, E. Bernd, Lara, M., Anzola, G. P., Magoni, M., Volta, G. Dalla, Tarasov, A., Feigin, V., Beaudry, M. G., Carrier, S., Chicoutimi, Henriques, I. L., Bogoussslavsky, J., van Melle, G., Mathieu, J., Perusse, L., Allard, P., Prevost, C., Cantin, L., Bouchard, J. M., De Braekeleer, M., Agbo, C., Neau, J. P., Tantot, A. M., Dary-Auriol, M., Ingrand, P., Gil, R., Baltadjiev, D., Zekin, D., Sabey, K., Gennaula, C. P., Pope, B. A., Caparros-Lefebvre, D., Girard-Buttaz, I., Pruvo, J. P., Petit, H., Hipola, D., Martin, M., Giménez-Roldan, S., Ivanez, V., Japaridze, G., Carrasco, J. L., Picomell, I., Herranz, J. L., Macias, J. A., Nieto, M., Noya, M., Oller, L., Kiteva-Trencevska, G., Delgado, M. R., Liu, H., Luengo, A., Parra, J., Colas, J., Fernandez, M. J., Manzanares, R., Kornhuber, M. E., Malashkhia, V., Orkodashili, G., Martinez, M., Bonaventura, I., Porta, G., Martinez, I., Fernandez, A., Aguilar, M., Masnou, P., Drouet, A., Dreyfus, M., Cartron, J., Morel-Kopp, M. C., Tchernia, G., Kaplan, C., Lammers, M. W., Hekster, Y. A., Keyser, A., Meinardi, H., Renier, W. O., Boon, P. A. J. M., Have, M. D., Kint, B., Cruz, P., Cadilha, A., Almeida, R., Goncalves, M., Pimenta, M., Ramos, L. M. P., Polder, T. W., Broere, C. A., Polman, L., Rother, I., Rother, M., Schlaug, G., Arnold, S., Holthausen, H., Wunderlich, G., Ebner, A., Luders, H., Witte, O. W., Seitz, R. J., Serra, L. L., Gallicchio, B., Rotondi, F., Wieshmann, U., Meierkord, H., Sabev, K., Di Carlo, V., Gueguen, B., Derouesné, Ch., Ancri, D., Bourdel, M. C., Guillou, S., Aliaga, R., Chornet, M. A., Rodrigo, A., Pascual, A. Pascual -Leone, Catala, M. D., Pascual-Leone, A., Benbadis, S. R., Dinner, D. S., Chelune, G. J., Lüders, H. O., Piedmonte, M. R., Blanco, T., Lopez, M. P., Romero, B., Deltoro, A., Pascual, A., Pascual, Leone, Bolgert, F., Josse, M. O., Tassan, P., Touze, E., Laplane, D., Godenberg, F., Brizioli, E., Del Gobbo, M., Pelliccioni, G., Scarpino, O., Durak, H., Damlacik, G., Tunca, Z., Fidaner, H., Yurekli, Y., Yemez, B., Kaygisiz, A., Anllo, E. A., Esperet, E., Giovagnoli, A. R., Casazza, M., Spreafico, R., Avanzini, G., Mascheroni, S., Vecchio, I., Tornali, C., Antonuzzo, A., Grasso, A. A., Bella, R., Pennisi, G., Raffaele, R., Broeckx, J., Schildermans, F., Hospers, W., Deberdt, W., Carney, J. M., Aksenova, M., Chen, M. S., Juncadella, M., Busquets, N., De la Fuente, I., Rodriguez, A., Rubio, F., Soler, R., Khati, C., Pillon, B., Deweer, B., Malapani, C., Malichard, N., Dubois, B., Rancurel, G., Lopez, D. L., Jungreia, G., DeKosky, S. T., Boiler, F., Weiller, C., Rijntjes, M., Mueller, S. P., Maguire, E. A., Burke, E. T., Staunton, H., Phillips, J., Rousseaux, M., Pena, J., Bertran, I., Santacruz, P., Lopez, R., Catafau, A., Lomena, F., Blesa, R., Rampello, L., Nicoletti, A., Cabaret, M., Lesoin, F., Steinling, M., Tournev, I., Maier-Hauff, K., Schroeder, M., Wolf, A., Cochin, J. P., Noel, I., Augustin, P., Auzou, P., Hannequin, D., Maria, V., Lopez-Bresnahan, Danielle, D. M., Antin-Ozerkis, B. A., Bartels, E., Rodiek, S. O., Flugel, K. A., Campos, D. M., Salas-Puig, J., Del Rio, J. Sanhez, Vidal, J. A., Lahoz, C. H., Eraksoy, M., Barlas, O., Barlas, M., Bayindir, C., Ozcan, H., Birbamer, G., Gerstenbrand, F., Felber, S., Luz, G., Aichner, F., Seidel, G., Kaps, M., Hutzelmann, A., Gerriets, T., Kruggel, F., Martin, P. J., Gaunt, M. E., Abbot, R. J., Naylor, A. R., Meary, E., Dilouya, A., Meder, J. F., De Recondo, J., Lebtahi, R., Neff, K. W., Meairs, S., Viola, S., Matta, E., Aquilone, L., Rise, I. R., Authier, F. J., Kondo, H., Ghnassia, R. T., Degos, J. D., Gherardi, R. K., Bardoni, A., Ciafaloni, E., Comi, G. P., Bresolin, N., Robotti, M., Moggio, M., Rigoletto, C., Roses, A., Scarlato, G., Castelli, E., Turconi, A., Bresolin, N., Perani, D., Felisari, G., Chariot, P., de Pinieux, G., Astier, A., Jacotot, B., Gherardi, R., Fischer-Gagnepain, V., Louboutin, J. P., Crespo, F., Florea-Strat, A., Fromont, G., Sabourin, J. -C., Gonano, E. -F., Moroni, I., Prelle, A., Iannaccone, S., Quattrini, A., deRino, F., Sessa, M., Golzi, V., Smirne, S., Nemni, R., Turpin, J. C., Lucotte, G., Jacobs, S. C. J. M., Willems, P. W. A., Bootsma, A. L., Lasa, A., Calaf, M., Baiget, M., Gallano, B., Fichter-Gagnepain, V., Mazzucchelli, F., D'Angelo, M. G., Velicogna, M., Bet, L., Comi, G. P., Bordoni, A., Gonano, E. F., Bazzi, P., Rapuzzi, S., Moggio, M., Fagiolari, G., Ciscato, P., Messina, A., Battistel, A., Ryniewicz, B., Sangla, I., Desnuelle, C., Paquis, V., Cozzone, P. J., Bendahan, D., Sturenburg, H. J., Kohncke, G., Castellli, E., Linssen, W., Stegeman, D., Binkhorst, R., Notermans, S., Jaspert, A., Fahsold, R., de Munain, A. Lopez, Cobo, A., Martorell, L., Poza, J. J., Navarrete Palau, D., Emparanza, J. I., Sanchez-Roy, R., Vilchez, J. J., Hernandez, M., Tena, J. Garcia, Perla, C., Koutroumanidis, M., Papathanasopoulos, P., Papadimitriou, A., Papapetropoulos, T. H., Divari, R., Hadjigeorgiou, G. M., Anastasopoulos, I., Sansone, V., Rotondo, G., Meola, G., Rigoletto, C., Messina, S., Szwabowska-Orzeszko, E., Jozwiak, S., Michalowicz, R., Szaplyko, W., Petrella, M. A., Della Marca, G., Masullo, G., Mennuni, G. F., Kompf, D., Wascher, E., Verleger, R., Kaido, M., Soga, F., Toyooka, H., Bayon, C., Rubio, J., Carlomagno, S., Parlato, V., Santoro, A., Lavarone, A., Bonavita, V., Pentore, R., Venneri, A., Pasquier, F., Lebert, F., Grymonprez, L., Lefebvre, C., Van der Linden, M., Derouesné, C., Renault, B., Lacomblez, L., Homeyer, P., Ouss, L., Neuman, E., Malbezin, M., Barrandon, S., Guez, D., Stevens, M., van Swieten, J. C., Franke, C. L., Sanchez, A., Castellvirel, S., Mila, M., Jimenez, D., Pallesta, F., Ruiz, P. J. Garcia, Barrio, A., Barroso, T., Benitez, J., de Yebenes, J. Garcia, Manubens, J. M., Martinez-Lage, J. M., Larumbe, R., Muruzabal, J., Lacruz, F., Quesada, Pedro, Gallego, J., Ferini-Strambi, L., Marcone, A., Garancini, P., Tedesi, B., Jacob, B., Rozewicz, L., Langdon, D., Davie, C., Ron, M., Thompson, A., Koepp, M. J., Hansen, M. L., Guldin, B., Pressler, R. M., Ried, S., Scholz, C., Monaco, F., Gianelli, M., Schiavalla, M. P., Naldi, P., Cantello, R., Torta, R., Verze, L., Mutani, R., Knott, H., Ferbert, A., Schulze-Bonhage, A., Aust, W., Di Mascio, R., Marchioli, R., Vitullo, F., Di Pasquale, A., Sciulli, L., Kramer, V., Tognoni, G., Santacruz, P., Lopez, R., Marti, M. J., Charques, I., Catafau, A., Lomeila, F., Peila, J., Bertran, I., Blesa, R., Krendel, D. A., Costiga, D. A., Koeppen, S., Korn, W. M., Brugge, S., Schmitz, D., Scheulen, M. E., King, R. H. M., Robertson, A. M., Thomas, P. K., Kerkhofs, A., Vermersch, P., Dereeper, O., Daems Monpeun, C., Parent, M., Deplanque, D., Petit, H., Campero, M., Serra, J., Ochoa, J. L., Martinez-Matos, J. A., Montero, J., Olivé, M., Rene, R., Vidaller, A., Gugenheim, M., Gouider, R., Le Guern, E., Brice, A., Agid, Y., Bouche, P., Grisold, W., Ziflo, U., Drlicek, M., Budka, H., Jellinger, K., Zielinski, C. H., Ginsberg, L., King, R. H. M., Workman, J., Platts, A. D., Thomas, P. K., Gherardi, R. K., Florea-Strat, A., Poron, F., Sabourin, J. -C., Fazio, R., Nemni, R., Franceschi, M., Lorenzetti, I., Rinaldi, L., Canal, N., Weilbach, F. X., Sennlaub, A., Jung, S., Gold, R., Toyka, K. V., Hartung, H. P., Giegerich, G., Ellie, E., Vital, A., Steck, A. J., Vital, C., Julien, J., Doneda, P., Pizzul, S., Scarpini, E., Chiodi, P., Ramacci, M. T., Livraghi, S., Maimone, D., Annunziata, P., Salvadori, C., Guazzi, G. C., Arne-Bes, M. C., Delisle, M. B., Fabre, N., Hurtevent, J. F., Bes, A., Baudoin-Martin, D., Laborde, E., Viallet, F., Creisson, C., Crespi, V., Bogliun, G., Marzorati, L., Zincone, A., D'Angelo, L., Liberani, A., Merlini, M., Rivolta, R., Creange, A., Sabourin, J. -C., Theodorou, I., Gherardi, R. K., Conti, A. M., Malosio, M. L., Baron, P. L., Scarlato, G., Chorao, R., Rosas, M. J., Leite, I., Callea, L., Donati, E., Bargnani, C., Bud, M., Verdu, E., Navarro, X., Braun, S., Einius, S., Poindron, P., Warier, J. M., Bradley, J., Bekkelund, S. I., Torbergsen, T., Mellgren, S. I., Carlomagno, S., Parlato, V., Santoro, A., Lavarone, A., Boller, F., Bonavita, V., Engelhardt, A., Lörler, H., Robeck, S., Kluglein, C., Comi, G., Avoledo, V., Locatelli, T., Leocani, L., Galardi, G., Magnani, G., Medaglini, S., Chkhikvishvili, T. S., Zangaladze, A., Bratoeva, M., Kovachev, P., Chavdarov, D., Artemis, N., Karacostas, D., Milonas, I., Arpa, J., Lopez-Pajares, R., Cruz-Matinez, A., Sarria, J., Palomo, F., Alonso, M., Rodriguez-Al-barino, A., Lacasa, T., Nos, J., Barreiro, P., Martinez, A. Cruz, Villoslada, C., Alons, M., Taghavy, A., Hamer, H., Kratzer, A., Dethy, S., Pauwels, T., Monclus, M., Luxen, A., Goldman, S., Ziegler, M., Crambes, O., Ragueneau, I., Arnaud, F., Zappia, M., Montesanti, R., Colao, R., Palmieri, A., Branca, D., Nicoletti, G., Rizzo, M., Parlato, G., Quattrone, A., Vanacore, N., Zuchegna, P., Bonifati, V., Meco, G., Scholz, J., Friedrich, H. -J., Rohl, A., Ulm, G., Vieregge, P., Savettieri, G., Rocca, W. A., Meneghini, F., Grigoletto, F., Morgante, L., Reggio, A., Salemi, G., Di Pierri, R., OzckmekÇi, S., Ertan, S., Yeni, N., Apaydin, H., Erkol, G., Kiziltan, G., Denktas, F., Ranoux, D., de Recondo, J., Ostergaard, L., Werdelin, L., Odin, P., Lindvall, O., Dupont, E., Christensen, P. B., Boisen, E., Jensen, N. B., Schmiegelow, M., Ingwersen, S. H., Matias-Guiu, J., Canet, T., Falip, R., Martin, R., Galiano, L., Voloshin, M. Y., Burchinskaya, L. F., Cabrera-Valdivia, F., Jimenez-Jimenez, F. J., Molina, J. A., Fernandez-Calle, P., Vazquez, A., Canizares-Liebana, F., Larumbe-Lobalde, S., Ayuso-Peralta, L., Rabasa, M., Codoceo, R., Arrieta, F. J., Aguilar, M. V., Jorge-Santamaria, A., Martinez-Para, M. C., Alarcon, J., Mateo, D., Gimenez-Roldan, S., Gencheva, E., Tzonev, T. z., Georgiev, G., Petkova, P., Gasparini, M., Vanacore, N., Meco, N. G., de la Sierra, G., Aguado, F., Revilla, M., Varela, L., Rico, H., Feve, A., N'Guyen, J. 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M., Pleiffer, G., Kunre, K., Dieterich, M., Brandt, Th., Guarino, M., Stracciari, A., Pazzaglia, P., D'Alessandro, R., Santilli, I., and Donato, M.
- Published
- 1994
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Evolution of the relationship between near global and Atlantic SST modes and the rainy season in West Africa: statistical analyses and sensitivity experiments
- Author
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Fontaine, B., Trzaska, S., and Janicot, S.
- Abstract
Abstract: Monthly sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) at near-global scale (60 N–40 S) and May to October rainfall amounts in West Africa (16 N–5 N; 16 W–16 E) are first used to investigate the seasonal and interannual evolutions of their relationship. It is shown that West African rainfall variability is associated with two types of oceanic changes: (1) a large-scale evolution involving the two largest SSTA leading eigenmodes (16% of the total variance with stronger loadings in the equatorial and southern oceans) related to the long-term (multiannual) component of rainfall variability mainly expressed in the Sudan–Sahel region; and (2) a regional and seasonally coupled evolution of the meridional thermal gradient in the tropical Atlantic due to the linear combination of the two largest SSTA modes in the Atlantic (11% with strong inverse loadings over the northern and southern tropics) which is associated with the interannual and quasi-decadal components of regional rainfall in West Africa. Linear regression and discriminant analyses provide evidence that the main July–September rainfall anomalies in Sudan–Sahel can be detected with rather good skills using the leading (April–June) or synchronous (July–September) values of the four main oceanic modes. In particular, the driest conditions over Sahel, more marked since the beginning of the 1970s, are specifically linked to the warm phases of the two global modes and to cold/warm anomalies in the northern/southern tropical Atlantic. Idealized but realistic SSTA patterns, obtained from some basic linear combinations of the four main oceanic modes appear sufficient to generate quickly (from mid-July to the end of August) significant West African rainfall anomalies in model experiments, consistent with the statistical results. The recent negative impact on West African rainfall exerted by the global oceanic forcing is primarily due to the generation of subsidence anomalies in the mid-troposphere over West Africa. When an idealized north to south SSTA gradient is added in the tropical Atlantic, strong north to south height gradients in the middle levels appear. These limit the northward excursion of the rainbelt in West Africa: the Sahelian area experiences drier conditions due to the additive effect (subsidence anomalies+latitudinal blocking) while over the Guinea regions wet conditions do not significantly increase, since the subsidence anomalies and the blocking effect act here in opposite ways.
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Pulsed blowdown—electron gun facility for low‐temperature and high‐pressure supersonic flow electronic transition lasers
- Author
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Forestier, B. and Fontaine, B.
- Published
- 1979
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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