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Continuous climb operation is an operational concept that allows airlines to perform an optimal departing trajectory avoiding air traffic control segregation requirements. This concept implies the design and integration of air traffic flows for the sake of safety performance. This paper designs a new conflict-detection air traffic control tool based on the blocking-area concept, characterises the conflict probability between air traffic flows and assesses the impact of continuous climb operation integration in a terminal manoeuvring area. In this paper, a conflict is set out by the infringement of vertical and longitudinal separation minima and coincides with the probability of air traffic control tool usage. Moreover, this research discusses two different approaches for the conflict-detection air traffic control tool: a static approach considering nominal continuous climb operations and landing trajectories, and a dynamic approach that assesses 105continuous climb operations and landing trajectories. Finally, the air traffic control tool is implemented using Palma TMA data and proves that out of 11 intersections (between departing and landing routes), solely 4 generate vertical separation infringements. The conflict probability between continuous climb operations and arrivals is less than 10−5. Except for one intersection, that is roughly 10−2, similar to current air traffic control intervention designed levels. Therefore, results conclude the viability of the conflict-detection air traffic control tool and continuous climb operations integration.

•This study addresses high-lethality suicide attempts among the Embera indigenous population in Colombia, a growing and concerning phenomenon that requires specialized attention.•Gaps in the literature are identified regarding the influence of cultural, social, and economic factors on suicidal behavior in indigenous communities.•The research underscores the importance of culturally sensitive approaches and targeted interventions to reduce suicide incidence in indigenous populations.•The review highlights the lack of comparative studies between the Embera and other indigenous communities in Latin America, which could enhance understanding of regional particularities of this phenomenon.•The study emphasizes the need for interdisciplinary collaboration to develop comprehensive preventive and care strategies for vulnerable indigenous communities.

Air traffic controllers play an important role in enabling safe, orderly, and efficient flight management within airspace. By the very nature of their work, they must make critical decisions in a time-critical environment. From a safety point of view, it would be of interest to obtain the workload thresholds (upper and lower limits) in order to define a range in which it would be safe and efficient for air traffic controllers to work. This collaboration project between CRIDA and UPM aims to obtain a methodology to define these workload limits, based on experimental affective-cognitive data and neurophysiological parameters of the performance of air traffic controllers. The workload assessment combines objective and subjective approaches. From the objective point of view, electroencephalography and eye-tracking techniques will be employed. In this paper, the first milestones achieved in the project are presented, as well as the simulation platform to be used in the experiment and the simulation-based set of exercises that has been specially designed for this project.

Se afirma que existen varias interpretaciones del carácter de la legitimación en la Ley de Enjuiciamiento (LEC) española. Se mantiene que el artículo 559 de la ley estipula la posibilidad de oposición por deficiencias procesales debido a la falta del carácter del ejecutado, aunque la forma en que se ha expresado esta disposición haya creado dudas en cuanto a su interpretación. Se nota que el carácter es la expresión tradicional de la legitimación en la legislación procesal española.

Patients with malignant orbital tumors often undergo eyeball excision, orbital tissues and lids, which results in severe deformities. Our experience concerns the use of a skin fascial flap of the cheek zone, the V-Y design, in 10 patients after ocular malignant tumor resection. Seven patients had basal cell carcinomas of the lower lids with invasion of the ocular tissues. The complete tumor resection was controlled by frozen-section biopsy in all patients. The results were evaluated from an oncologic, functional, and aesthetic point of view. We noticed 2 recurrences in a minimum follow up of 2 years. The functional and aesthetic results were quite satisfactory and no serious complications were noticed in our series. The primary advantage of this interesting flap is the dominant vasculature derived from arteria transversa faciei, arteria facialis, and arteria infraorbitalisthat secure good vascular contribution. It should be regarded as very useful for surface coverage problems at the orbit because it performs in a one-stage procedure with minimum morbility and good functional result.

Eight patients with an extensive facial defect of the masseter region were reconstructed with a temporoparietaloccipital rotation flap. This flap is vascularized by both the arteria auricularis posterior and the arteria occipitalis lateralis. These vessels have been sufficient to ensure viability of the entire flap. It is elevated and easily transposed to the masseter region because of the distensibility obtained from the posterior neck. This approach avoided the need for an unsightly skin graft at the site while providing tissue with hair follicles that blend well with the surrounding hair. This large flap offers cosmetic advantages over other techniques for coverage of facial defects in men. Plast. Reconstr. Surg.107 929, 2001.