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AbstractTwenty- two constituents were found in the essential oils extracted at before flowering, beginning of flowering and at full flowering stages, but twenty-three components in the essential oil extracted from the aerial parts at fruit set stage was identified. Among them geraniol was the major (54.2 - 72.5 %) component. The highest geraniol (72.5 %) was identified from the essential oil at before flowering stage and the lowest amount (54.2 %) from the essential oil of herb of fruit set stage was measured. Geranial content increased from before flowering to fruit set stage. The lowest geranial content (3.2 %) was identified at before flowering and the highest amount (11.9 %) obtained from the essential oil of fruit set stage.

AbstractThe effect of 5 levels of nitrogen (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg/ha) on herb yield, content and composition of essential oil of Tagetes minutawas studied in Tehran, Iran. Application of nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased the herb yield, content and percentages of constituents of essential oil of T. minuta. The largest fresh and dry herb yields (70 and 29 t/ha, respectively) and the highest essential oil content (1.16%) were obtained from the plots that received 200 kg N/ha. GC and GC-MS analyses of the essential oil showed that different levels of nitrogen had significant effect on the essential oil constituents of T. minuta. The major components of the essential oil were: p-cymene (4.1–5.0%), limonene (7.5–9.3%), dihydrotagetone (42.5–57.1%), (E)-tagetone (2.3–9.2%), (Z)-tagetone (14.9–17.9%), (Z)-ocimenone (0.8–4.6%) and (E)-ocimenone (2.0–5.1%).

Ankyloglossia or tongue-tie is a congenital condition of newborns when the inferior lingual fraenulum is too short and is attached to the tip of the tongue limiting its movement. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between ankyloglossia classification and tongue mobility. In addition, the prevalence of ankyloglossia among males and females was assessed. 300 subjects (150 boys and 150 girls) with an age range of 7–12 years were randomly selected from different schools. The distance between the uppermost point of lingual fraenulum and its insertion into the oral floor was measured in the subjects. The subjects were categorised from having no ankyloglossia to severe tongue-tie based on the measurements. This study showed that ankyloglossia was more common in males. It also showed that only subjects with a lingual fraenulum of <1.5 cm suffered from inadequate tongue movement.