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Graphical abstract: Method of fabrication and characterization of Composite osteogenic CH–BC–HA–PG scaffolds for periodontal tissue regeneration.

Widespread acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines is crucial for achieving sufficient immunization coverage to end the global pandemic, yet few studies have investigated COVID-19 vaccination attitudes in lower-income countries, where large-scale vaccination is just beginning. We analyze COVID-19 vaccine acceptance across 15 survey samples covering 10 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in Asia, Africa and South America, Russia (an upper-middle-income country) and the United States, including a total of 44,260 individuals. We find considerably higher willingness to take a COVID-19 vaccine in our LMIC samples (mean 80.3%; median 78%; range 30.1 percentage points) compared with the United States (mean 64.6%) and Russia (mean 30.4%). Vaccine acceptance in LMICs is primarily explained by an interest in personal protection against COVID-19, while concern about side effects is the most common reason for hesitancy. Health workers are the most trusted sources of guidance about COVID-19 vaccines. Evidence from this sample of LMICs suggests that prioritizing vaccine distribution to the Global South should yield high returns in advancing global immunization coverage. Vaccination campaigns should focus on translating the high levels of stated acceptance into actual uptake. Messages highlighting vaccine efficacy and safety, delivered by healthcare workers, could be effective for addressing any remaining hesitancy in the analyzed LMICs.

This study demonstrates the risk perception of Pakistan’s youth about climate change. Statistics have provided the significant median age of Pakistan as 23.8 where 60% of the population lies. The objective of the study is to assess the youth awareness level with climate change and transform their attitude for better policy formation. Currently, the 40% population of Pakistan is subjected to natural disasters because of climate change, which is a concerning barrier to economic growth. Previous studies lack in context of measuring climate change risk perception. Current study fills the gap by analyzing these issues in the context of Pakistan’s youth. Data collected in quantitative form, from a primary source. The unit of analysis is the youth of Pakistan. Data analysis is based on frequency distribution and Chi-square test results. The provided results have shown significance between the age, gender, educational level, and educational institute with the climate change knowledge. Based on the identified gaps and loopholes in the awareness level, potential recommendations are being drawn along with strong practical implication of policy formation.