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Ethylene‐insensitive proteins (EIN3/EIL) are a class of nuclear localization proteins with DNA‐binding activity. EIL is an important gene family in plants, and plays key roles in the ethylene signaling pathway which regulates a broad spectrum of plant growth and development, as well as defenses to various biological and abiotic stresses. Although genome‐wide analyses of EIL gene family has been carried out for several plant species, no comprehensive analysis of this family in Triticum aestivumL. has been reported so far. Furthermore, there are few scattered studies on the functions of EIL genes in wheat. It is necessary to comprehensively identify and analyze the EIL gene family in wheat. In this study, BLASTp were used to identify EIL genes in the lately released reference genome of T. aestivum. The 21 TaEIL genes were sought, which can be divided into three groups (a, b, and c) according to phylogenetic relationship. The nonsynonymous/synonymous substitution rates (Ka/Ks) value showed that three homologous pairs (TaEILb.4/TaEILb.6, TaEILa.8/TaEILa.7, and TaEILa.8/TaEILa.9) experienced strongly purifying selection. The remaining 16 homologous pairs underwent positive selection with an evolutionary acceleration. Analysis of gene structure and motif, protein features, and three‐dimensional structure showed that TaEILs were similar with EILs in other species such as Arabidopsis, rice, and maize. Homology analyses of EIL in T. aestivumand its progenitors showed that EIL gene discarded some redundant genes during the domestication evolution of T. aestivumand retained some useful genes. Gene expression patterns analyses and transient agro‐infiltration assays showed that group b and group c members of TaEIL were involved in the resistance to pathogen. Our study provides a new perspective for studying feature functions of TaEILs, and will help in revealing the regulatory network of wheat development and stress response, thus contributing to the improvement of molecular breeding of wheat quality traits.

To promote the process of normalization in distribution network live working. This paper research and development a tree-dimensional simulation training system on 10kV distribution network live working by virtual reality, this system visually reappear operating methods and workflow of distribution network live working by tree-dimensional animation simulation, it is appropriate for training the distribution wire professionals, and satisfy the needs about speedy network construction; meanwhile this paper based on national standard of distribution network live working and distribution network live working practical experience of Guangdong province electric power company, the designed tree-dimensional simulation training system is apply to the specific projects in the city of Dongguan , the projects run well verify this system is feasibility and validity.

Recently, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have rapidly emerged as a new technology in the fields of plant protection and pest controlling. The flight path planning is a key point of plant protection UAV, which directly affects the efficiency of spraying process. In this work, a novel method of planning spraying path for multiple irregular discontinuous working areas is proposed. Based on traditional grid method, the improved grid method is applied to reduce transitional working path for irregular working areas. Using the improved ant colony algorithm, a shortest total flight path between multiple discontinuous regions is designed. The results show that the optimized flight path based on this method is shortened about 4.46% and has broad prospects for application.