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This paper discusses the problem of reconstruction of smeared images. The problem reduces to solving a set of one-dimensional convolution-type integral Fredholm equations of the first kind. Two methods of solving such equations are compared: the method of Fourier transformation, and the method of quadratures (using the method of Tikhonov regularization in both cases). Numerical results are presented, and it is concluded that the method of quadratures is more efficient than the method of Fourier transformation.

Abstract: Nonspecific immunomodulators (complete Freund’s adjuvant and bovine serum albumin) produced an antistress effect on mice during immobilization stress. Immunization with a serotonin-protein conjugate produced no antistress effect.

The possibility of long-term changes in the innate characteristics of the behaviour of mice of different genotypes (C57Bl/6 and BALB/c) after active immunization with dopamine-BSA conjugates was studied. These experiments revealed significant differences in the effects of anti-dopamine antibody on behavioral responses in an open field and neurotransmitter contents of brain structures in mice of different lines. Immunization with the dopamine-protein conjugate led to increases in the functional activity of the corresponding brain receptors, to different extents in mice of different lines.

We studied the effects of active immunization with glutamate-protein conjugates on behavioral reactions of C57Bl/6 and BALB/c mice in the open-field test and on animal anxiety in the tail suspension test. Antiglutamate antibodies produced different behavioral changes in mice of these strains.

Immunization of BALB/c mice with glutamate-BSA conjugate reduced anxiety and improved passive avoidance retention, while in C57Bl/6 mice immunization disturbed passive avoidance retention, but had no effect on anxiety. Interstrain differences in the shuttle box behavior were found between control animals.

A РК-АГ-02 α–γ-radiometer–spectrometer is made up of a refined detector on the basis of a GSO scintillator and a CASSIOPEIA A-11A laptop personal computer. This instrument can measure 241Am activity in samples, without their concentration and radiochemical treatment, against a high (∼10–3) background level due to the accompanying radionuclides (134Cs, 137Cs, 154Eu, 155Eu, etc). The maximum detectable activities for field and laboratory modifications of the instrument are 0.7 and 0.25 Bq per sample, respectively (for a measurement time of 8 h). In addition, this instrument can measure an α-particle flux density from 0.15 s–1cm–2and perform the spectrometry of low-energy γ-rays over a 20- to 200-keV range (analog spectrometry by three differential channels and multichannel spectrometry with the use of an external analyzer).

Original dysregulation of neuroimmune connections is a primary or secondary pathogenic factor of some CNS diseases. Autoimmune aggression is typical of multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and epilepsy, while dysregulation characterized by enhanced production of autoantibodies to neurotransmitters and activation of cell factors is characteristic of alcoholism and drug abuse. In experimental models of alcoholism and drug addiction, protective effects of antiserotonin antibodies are mediated by immune cells stimulated by these antibodies. These effects can be used in the therapy of various forms of neuroimmunopathology by the method of adoptive immunotherapy.

Conclusions:

Radiation defects are shown experimentally to affect differently the normal and anomalous muonium states in silicon. This evidences essentially different mobilities of the two muonium states in the sample lattice.

Abstract: Systemic administration of antiserotonin and antidopamine antibodies to chronically morphinized animals reduces the major manifestations of the withdrawal syndrome induced by naloxone injection or discontinuation of morphine.

Abstract: Changes in humoral and cell-mediated immunity are studied in rats with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6—tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced depressive syndrome. A decrease in the lymphocyte count and in absolute and relative T cell counts and absolute B cell counts in peripheral blood and an increase in serum concentration of circulating immune complexes (CIC) are demonstrated. Serum CIC content increases, while the relative count of peripheral blood T cells remains decreased two weeks after discontinuation of MPTP and normalization of rats' behavior. Serum CIC content decreases and T cell count normalizes one month after discontinuation of MPTP.

Equations are deduced for calculating the magnetic field of currents in uniformly polarized ellipsoids; a template is presented for calculating the current density in such ellipsoids; the use of the formulas and the template is illustrated by the example of the assumed magnetic effect of a Tashkent earthquake; it is concluded that the theory for the calculation of such phenomena must be improved.

The influence of induction of antibodies to the neuromediator serotonin in the case of active immunization of animals with a conjugate serotonin-protein antigen on the distribution of biogenic amines in the brain and on behavioral responses was investigated in experiments on rats. It was shown that active immunization of rats with a serotonin-protein conjugate leads to a decrease in serotonin, its metabolite 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid, as well as dopamine in certain brain structures. Against a background of induction of antibodies to serotonin, the horizontal motor activity of the animals is decreased.

Abstract: The possibility of investigating high-temperature superconductors (HTSC) by the μSR method with negative muons is discussed in the paper. The results of measurement of the probability of negative muon capture by oxygen and residual polarization of muons in the 1s-state of oxygen in some HTSC at room temperature are reported.

Abstract: A protective effect of immunization with neurotransmitters (serotonin, dopamine, noradrenalin) conjugates with protein during reproduction of the withdrawal syndrome was demonstrated in two different models of opium narcomania. In the first experiment rats were immunized before morphinization, and in the second morphine dependence was induced in mice before immunization. Similar effects were observed in immunization of rats and mice: antibodies to serotonin caused the greatest suppression of symptoms of the withdrawal syndrome.

There is a considerable reduction in the surface energy density (the Rebinder effect) in the failure of glass and the splitting of mica in surface-active media; theory shows that this reduction in brittle failure of an insulator is due to interaction of the oppositely charged surfaces of the growing crack.

1.The cyclic instability associated with the alloys tested is a function of their structural instability at the test temperature.2.The increase in the cycle threshold amplitude for structurally unstable alloys at high temperatures is due to the increased friction stress that prevents movement by the dislocations. The increased friction stress is related to the pinning of the dislocations by precipitates.

Abstract: mgrSR-method has been used for studying reactions of muonium as an analogue of a light hydrogen isotope with impurity atoms and point-like defects. The relaxation rate of muonium polarization lambdaMu was measured for 11 samples with different concentrations of impurity atoms and defects. The rate constants of reactions of muonium with Fe, Al, Li, Ba, Cu, Mn, Ti and Pb atoms in quartz were defined.

Conclusions 1.The stress determined by the friction forces preventing dislocation movement is the parameter controlling the processes of plastic deformation in cyclic loading the given alloys and, consequently, the cumulation of fatigue damage and failure.2.the friction force of the aged aluminum-based alloys decreases during cyclic loading.3.A correlation was found between the magnitude of the friction force and the safe cycle stress amplitude. The level of the safe stress amplitude in the aluminum alloy does not depend on the mean cycle stress. The level of the free stress amplitude in the titanium alloy in the tests with high values of pm is controlled by the friction forces. In the tests with the stress ratio R=0, the endurance limit is determined by the macroscopic limit of elasticity.

Without Abstract:

The semiconductor-to-insulator transition in fast neutron irradiated n-germanium has been studied. A percolation theory model involving insulator spheres is proposed to describe properties of irradiated semiconductors with disordered regions (DR.), which is used to calculate the conductivity and Hall coefficient in lightly doped germanium. This model yields a percolation threshold of Pc=0.77±0.01 for the residual host lattice. Kirchhoff's equations for the longitudinal and transverse conductivity were used to calculate the Hall coefficient. A comparison of experimental data with theory provided the possibility of determining the dose dependence of the effective radius of the space charge layer surrounding a DR.

The authors consider the effect of electric charges which appear on the sides of cracks developing in inorganic dielectrics under the action of a mechanical load on the change in strength of the dielectrics during their test in solutions and liquid media of various kind. Relation is stipulated.between the strengthof the dielectric and the intensity of the electrocohesion phenomena during fracture. It is concluded that the effectiveness of the use of a liquid medium to facilitate the fracture process is determined by the density of the electric charges on the sides of the growing crackand themagnitude of the relaxation time of the electric charges created by the liquid in the gap of the crack.

On the basis of experiments, it appears feasible to attain “low” temperatures (below 800‡C) in the operating chamber of a fluidization bed by interchange of particles between this and the adjacent “high-temperature” chamber.

Abstract: We studied the possibility of induction of anti-GABA autoantibodies during chronic epileptization of the brain and the effect of systemic intraperitoneal administration of anti-GABA antibodies to C57Bl/6 mice on acute generalized and chronic epileptiform activity. It was found for the first time that chronic epileptization is accompanied by induction of anti-GABA autoantibody synthesis. Antibodies against GABA produced a proepileptic effect.

We studied the effect of immunization with a serotonin-bovine serum albumin conjugate on parameters of stress reaction to immobilization stress in rats. Active immunization was accompanied by changes in parameters reflecting animal resistance to emotional stress. The observed changes can be interpreted as a decrease in individual resistance to emotional stress. Active immunization of rats with a serotonin-bovine serum albumin conjugate was accompanied by production of autoantibodies against serotonin and dopamine. The role of autoantibodies against dopamine in modulation of the effect of immunization with serotonin-bovine serum albumin conjugate on the stress reaction in rats is discussed.

We studied the effect of single intraperitoneal treatment with antibodies to glutamate on pentylenetetrazole-induced acute generalized epileptiform activity in C57Bl/6 mice. The antiepileptic effect was observed 1.5 and 24 h after administration of antibodies to glutamate in doses of 10, 25, and 50 mg/kg. This treatment increased the thresholds of clonic seizures and tonic phase of seizures with lethal outcome.

We studied the effect of active immunization with glutamate-bovine serum albumin conjugate on acute generalized epileptiform activity evoked by single administration of corazol. Antibodies to glutamate produced an antiepileptic effect and elevated the threshold for clonic seizures and tonic phase of lethal seizures. In BALB/c mice this effect was more pronounced than in C57BL/6 mice.

Effects of active immunization with the serotonin-protein conjugate on open-field behavior, learning and retention of the conditioned passive avoidance response, neurotransmitter contents in brain structures, and functional activity of central serotonin receptors were studied on C57Bl/6 and BALB/c mice. Serotonin antibodies produced opposite effects on the studied parameters in genetically different mouse strains.

The effect of antiserotonin antibodies on basal electrocorticogram was studied in electrophysiological experiments on rats. Intracortical injection of 10 μg antiserotonin antibodies into the sensorimotor cortex induced epileptiform activity in this area. It is assumed that antiserotonin antibodies modulate activity of cortical neurons due to both binding serotonin molecules and interaction with serotonin receptors.

Abstract: A single injection of arginine vasopressin during primary immunization stimulates secondary immune response. Vasopressin decreases the activity of antigen-specific suppressors induced by hyperimmune doses of the antigen.

Experiments on rats showed that adaptation to periodic high-altitude hypoxia enhances the immune response to sheep's red blood cells, increases the serum lysozyme activity, weakens the manifestation of adjuvant arthritis, and prevents the inhibition of antibody formation induced thereby.

Phasic changes in the immune response were observed in rats and mice with adjuvant disease: stimulation of antibody formation on the seventh day after injection of Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) and inhibition on the 21st day. Inhibition of production of normal antibodies against 0- and Vi-typhoid antigens also was demonstrated.

Abstract: Intracellular concentration of cAMP and phosphorylation of 15 kD protein in cultured mouse peritoneal macrophages are increased in the presence of arginine-vasopressin. Vasopressin, decreases adhesion of macrophages to plastic.

Abstract: Experiments on C57Bl/6 mice showed that antiserotonin antibodies injected intraperitoneally in a dose of 25 mg/kg or added to cell culture in a dose of 10−7 mol/ml suppress lymphocyte proliferative response to pokeweed mitogen and stimulate functional activity of macrophages.

Abstract: Experiments on C57B1/6 mice prone to experimental alcoholism demonstrated that adoptive transfer of splenocytes from animals with the abstinent syndrome stimulates alcohol consumption. Incubation of splenocytes with antibodies to serotonin in a dose of 10−7 M for 1 or 24 h completely suppressed this effect.

Abstract: Active immunization with a serotonin—protein conjugate inducing the formation of antiserotonin antibodies exerts an analgesic effect in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis and inhibits the development of arthritis in early stages after injection of Freund's complete adjuvant.

Abstract: Experiments on 5- and 10-month-old rats demonstrate a protective effect of active preimmunization with serotonin-protein conjugate on the development and course of the parkinsonismlike syndrome induced by intranigral injection of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium+. The protective effect of antiserotonin antibodies was more pronounced in younger animals. The severity of manifestations of the syndrome may depend on the level of antidopamine autoantibodies.

Abstract: Motor activity of C57Bl/6 mice is found to be decreased following syngeneic transfer to them of splenocytes from mice with an MPTP-induced parkinsonian syndrome. The decrease in motor activity does not result from the transfer of MPTP and is apparently associated with the transfer of B lymphocytes and with antibody production by these cells.