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The coffee pulp is the solid waste most generated during the coffee humid pulping. It contains an elevated concentration of organic matter and lignocellulosic materials. In addition, the low rate of biodegradability of the coffee pulp waste may cause severe environmental damage. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of acid and thermal pre-treatments in the biodegradability rate, followed by an anaerobic digestion of the coffee pulp and collect biogas production. Thermal and acid pre-treatments (50, 70, and 90 °C, and concentration of 2.5, 5, and 10% V·V−1of acetic acid, respectively) were applied, both during 1 h, evaluating the organic matter solubilization. Posteriorly, the biodegradability and biogas production using anaerobic digestion for 35 days were evaluated. Finally, during 90 days in semicontinuous, the increase of applied organic load of 1 kg VS m−3day−1with Δ 1 kg VS m−3day−1every 30 days until reaching 3 kg m−3day−1was evaluated. The thermal pretreatment to 90 °C and 1 h improved the solubility and hydrolysis considered limiting of the anaerobic process, reducing the hydraulic retention time from 21 to 15 days, and increasing the biogas yields (0.92 L g VSrem−1year 79.8% CH4).

Proteins exhibit high-binding affinity and selectivity, as well as remarkable catalytic performance. Their binding pockets are hydrophobic but also contain polar and charged groups to contribute to the binding of polar organic molecules in aqueous solution. In the past decades, the synthesis of biomimetic receptors featuring sizable aromatic cavities equipped with converging polar groups has received considerable attention. “Temple” cages, naphthotubes, and aryl-extended calix[4]pyrroles are privileged examples of synthetic scaffolds displaying functionalized hydrophobic cavities capable of binding polar substrates. In particular, calix[4]pyrroles are macrocycles containing four pyrrole rings connected through their pyrrolic 2- and 5-positions by tetra-substituted sp3carbon atoms (meso-substituents). In 1996, Sessler introduced the meso-octamethyl calix[4]pyrrole as an outstanding receptor for anion binding. Independently, Sessler and Floriani also showed that the introduction of aryl substituents in the meso-positions produced aryl-extended calix[4]pyrroles as a mixture of configurational isomers. In addition, aryl-extended calix[4]pyrroles bearing two and four meso-aryl substituents (walls) were reported. The cone conformation of “two-wall” αα-aryl-extended calix[4]pyrroles features an aromatic cleft with a polar binding site defined by four converging pyrrole NHs. On the other hand, “four-wall” αααα-calix[4]pyrrole isomers possess a deep polar aromatic cavity closed at one end by the converging pyrrole NHs. Because of their functionalized interior, aryl-extended calix[4]pyrroles are capable of binding anions, ion-pairs, and electron-rich neutral molecules in organic solvents. However, in water, they are restricted to the inclusion of neutral polar guests.

Vascular injury is a well-established, disease-modifying factor in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) pathogenesis. Recently, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)–induced injury to the vascular compartment has been linked to complement activation, microvascular thrombosis, and dysregulated immune responses. This study sought to assess whether aberrant vascular activation in this prothrombotic context was associated with the induction of necroptotic vascular cell death. To achieve this, proteomic analysis was performed on blood samples from COVID-19 subjects at distinct time points during ARDS pathogenesis (hospitalized at risk, N= 59; ARDS, N= 31; and recovery, N= 12). Assessment of circulating vascular markers in the at-risk cohort revealed a signature of low vascular protein abundance that tracked with low platelet levels and increased mortality. This signature was replicated in the ARDS cohort and correlated with increased plasma angiopoietin 2 levels. COVID-19 ARDS lung autopsy immunostaining confirmed a link between vascular injury (angiopoietin 2) and platelet-rich microthrombi (CD61) and induction of necrotic cell death [phosphorylated mixed lineage kinase domain-like (pMLKL)]. Among recovery subjects, the vascular signature identified patients with poor functional outcomes. Taken together, this vascular injury signature was associated with low platelet levels and increased mortality and can be used to identify ARDS patients most likely to benefit from vascular targeted therapies.

The article presents the projects and programs of the Chilean Navy, including the construction of multipurpose vessels in ASMAR, the renovation of air defense missiles, and the modernization of air search radars. The incorporation of Australian frigates with SM-2MR Block IlIA missiles and Raytheon Evolved Sea Sparrow ESSM missiles is highlighted. The modernization of the combat management system and the incorporation of sonars are also mentioned. The Chilean Navy has plans to modernize its fleet of frigates, build a new icebreaker, and renovate Type 209 submarines. In addition, Airbus Helicopters H-125 helicopters have been acquired to replace the Bell HU-578 Jet Ranger. [Extracted from the article]

The article presents an interview with the Commander-in-Chief of the Chilean Navy, Admiral Juan Andrés de la Maza Larrain. The Commander mentions that the ultimate goal of the National Continuous Naval Construction Plan is to be able to build its own combat units in the near future. He also highlights the importance of the participation of the Chilean Navy in international exercises, such as RIMPAC, due to the relevant role that the country must play in the Pacific. Additionally, it is mentioned that the Navy is in full development of the Antarctica project, which includes the construction of a new icebreaker for Chile. Finally, the importance of the Navy's presence at the international EXPONAVAL 2022 fair is mentioned, where the challenges for a maritime condition in the 21st century will be addressed. [Extracted from the article]

Enhanced vegetation index (EVI) data can be used to identify and define the space in which ungulates practice parturition and encounter predation. This study explores the use of EVI data to identify landscapes linked to ungulate parturition and predation events across space, time, and environmental conditions. As a case study, we used the moose population (Alces alces)of northern Minnesota in the USA. Using remotely sensed EVI data rasters and global positioning system collar data, we quantified how vegetation phenology and moose movement shaped the births and predation of 52 moose calves from 2013 to 2020 on or adjacent to the Grand Portage Indian Reservation. The known sources of predation were American black bears (Ursus americanus, n = 22) and gray wolves (Canis lupus, n = 28). Satellite-derived data summarizing seasonal landscape features at the local level revealed that landscape heterogeneity use by moose can help to quantitatively identify landscapes of parturition and predation in space and time across large areas. Vegetation phenology proved to be differentiable between adult moose ranges, sites of cow parturition, and sites of calf predation. Landscape characteristics of each moose group were consistent and tractable based on environment, suggesting that sites of parturition and predation of moose are predictable in space and time. It is possible that moose selected specific landscapes for parturition despite risk of increased predation of their calves, which could be an example of an "ecological trap." This analytical framework can be employed to identify areas for future ungulate research on the impacts of landscape on parturition and predation dynamics.

The RNA world concept1is one of the most fundamental pillars of the origin of life theory2–4. It predicts that life evolved from increasingly complex self-replicating RNA molecules1,2,4. The question of how this RNA world then advanced to the next stage, in which proteins became the catalysts of life and RNA reduced its function predominantly to information storage, is one of the most mysterious chicken-and-egg conundrums in evolution3–5. Here we show that non-canonical RNA bases, which are found today in transfer and ribosomal RNAs6,7, and which are considered to be relics of the RNA world8–12, are able to establish peptide synthesis directly on RNA. The discovered chemistry creates complex peptide-decorated RNA chimeric molecules, which suggests the early existence of an RNA–peptide world13from which ribosomal peptide synthesis14may have emerged15,16. The ability to grow peptides on RNA with the help of non-canonical vestige nucleosides offers the possibility of an early co-evolution of covalently connected RNAs and peptides13,17,18, which then could have dissociated at a higher level of sophistication to create the dualistic nucleic acid–protein world that is the hallmark of all life on Earth.

The article highlights the presence of Israeli military equipment in the Armed Forces of Chile. Weapons and platforms sold by the Israeli defense industry to the Army, Navy, and Air Force of Chile are mentioned, such as the Spike missile and the Arad rifle. Projects and equipment such as the Tadiran telecommunications system and the TORCH command and control system from Elbit Systems are also mentioned. Additionally, there is talk of collaboration between Israeli and Chilean companies in the manufacturing of weapons, such as IWI and FAMAE. In the Chilean Navy, patrol boats of the Dabur class and missile boats of the SA'AR 4 class are used, equipped with Gabriel and Exocet missiles. The Chilean Air Force uses different weapons and systems, such as the Barak 1 missile, the ELTA EL/M-2221 radar, the Boeing 707C early warning aircraft adapted for the Phalcon AEW&C program, the ANVIS/HUD 24T night vision system, the Derby and Python missiles, and the Hermes 900 UAV. [Extracted from the article]

The Chilean Army is carrying out modernization projects, such as improving the fire control system of Leopard 2A4 tanks and the observation and aiming system of Marder 1A3 infantry fighting vehicles. The Pisagua project is also noteworthy, which converts some Leopard 1V tanks into arrow and spear launchers. Armored brigades have been created in the north and south of Chile, equipped with Leopard tanks and Marder combat vehicles. The FAMAE company is responsible for the maintenance and operation of the Army's armored equipment. In addition, projects are underway to improve internal communications and acquire new rifles. Improvements have also been made in light transportation, with the addition of a Nissan Navara 4x4 pickup truck and the renewal of the transport truck fleet. At the September 2021 Military Parade, new weapons systems were presented, and the Army Aviation Brigade showcased the new Multicam combat uniform. The Army continues with its 2026 Strategic Development Plan and is studying the Vortex project to acquire medium tactical transport aircraft. Changes have also been made to the Army's senior structure. [Extracted from the article]

The Chilean Air Force is planning to modernize its aircraft fleet, including the Lockheed Martin F-16 Fighting Falcon and the T-35 Pillán. The modernization program was suspended in 2020 due to the Covid-19 pandemic, but it is expected to be resumed in the future. The estimated cost of the program is $634.70 million, and the main contractor would be Lockheed Martin. In addition, the Chilean Air Force has received C-130H aircraft for transport and has acquired A-29B Super Tucano aircraft for training and light attack. New projects are also being developed to acquire transport aircraft and helicopters, and the manufacturing of satellites for a new National Satellite System is expected. [Extracted from the article]

General of the Army Ricardo Martínez Menanteau, Commander-in-Chief of the Chilean Army until March 2, 2022, highlighted the importance of the army being available to assist the population in situations of natural or man-made disasters. During the Covid-19 pandemic, the army deployed resources to support the community. Additionally, advances in the training and education of officers and non-commissioned officers are mentioned, as well as the modernization of tank and combat vehicle systems. The article also mentions the new Commander-in-Chief of the Army, General Javier Iturriaga del Campo, and highlights the reorganization of the army's structure and collaboration with FAMAE and IWI for future developments. The interest in cyber defense and participation in peacekeeping operations is also mentioned, as well as the importance of the International Air and Space Fair (FIDAE) in 2022. [Extracted from the article]

The article presents an interview with the Commander-in-Chief of the Chilean Air Force, Air General Arturo Merino Núñez, who highlights the institution's efforts to help fellow countrymen during the pandemic, without forgetting its main role of defense. It is mentioned that the Chilean Air Force has carried out national and international operations, including airlifts and participation in peacekeeping operations. The General emphasizes the importance of the versatility of air assets and preparation for future acquisitions. It is also mentioned that the International Air and Space Fair (FIDAE) was canceled in 2020 due to the pandemic, but it is expected that FIDAE 2022 will be a safe and successful event. Additionally, the importance of the Chilean Air Force's Black Hawk helicopters, C-130H transport aircraft, and the National Satellite System (SNSat) for the development of geospatial capabilities and the generation of new talent in related areas is highlighted. [Extracted from the article]

The article presents an interview with Baldo Prokurica, former Minister of National Defense of Chile, in which he highlights the high level of the Army, Navy, and Air Force of Chile in terms of personnel and resources. It mentions the implementation of a new law for financing the strategic capabilities of National Defense, which aims to be more transparent and have the control of democratic actors. The importance of maintaining the equipment and personnel of the Armed Forces at the highest level of availability and advanced technology is also emphasized. Additionally, the participation of the Armed Forces in the response to the Covid-19 pandemic is mentioned, and their support to the citizens is praised. Finally, it is mentioned that Maya Fernández Allende has been appointed as the new Minister of National Defense of Chile. Former Chilean deputy Fernández was appointed Minister of Defense by President Gabriel Boric. During her time as a parliamentarian, Fernández was part of the legislative committee of National Defense and presided over the Chamber of Deputies. In her new position, Fernández expressed her commitment to work for fair and accessible Armed Forces for all Chileans. Additionally, President Boric appointed two undersecretaries to accompany Fernández in the Ministry of Defense. [Extracted from the article]

Subphenotypes have been identified in patients with sepsis and ARDS and are associated with different outcomes and responses to therapies.

El artículo discute sobre la Policía Marítima de la Armada de Chile, con un enfoque en los sistemas de vigilancia radar que ofrece ELTA Systems, utilizados en las patrulleras oceánicas para fortalecer las capacidades de vigilancia para prevenir actividades ilícitas. El artículo también se centra en los vehículos submarinos operados a distancia diseñados por Deep Trekker inc y los aviones de patrulla marítima diseñados por Lockheed Martin.

Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are a heterogeneous group of diseases characterised by skeletal muscle involvement, manifested by weakness and inflammatory signs in the muscle biopsy. The objective of this article is to describe the clinical, laboratory, and treatment features of a cohort of patients with IIM in southwest Colombia.

In 2023, a series of climatological and political events unfolded, partly driving forward the global climate and health agenda while simultaneously exposing important disparities and vulnerabilities to climate-related events. On the policy front, a significant step forward was marked by the inaugural Health Day at COP28, acknowledging the profound impacts of climate change on health. However, the first-ever Global Stocktake showed an important gap between the current progress and the targets outlined in the Paris Agreement, underscoring the urgent need for further and decisive action. From a Latin American perspective, some questions arise: How do we achieve the change that is needed? How to address the vulnerabilities to climate change in a region with long-standing social inequities? How do we promote intersectoral collaboration to face a complex problem such as climate change? The debate is still ongoing, and in many instances, it is just starting.

For the Chinese, French, German, and Spanish translations of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.

BackgroundAlthough acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high mortality, its direct causal link with death is unclear. Clarifying this link is important to justify costly research on prevention of ARDS.ObjectiveTo estimate the attributable mortality, if any, of ARDS.DesignFirst, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies reporting mortality of critically ill patients with and without ARDS matched for underlying risk factor. Next, we conducted a survival analysis of prospectively collected patient-level data from subjects enrolled in three intensive care unit (ICU) cohorts to estimate the attributable mortality of critically ill septic patients with and without ARDS using a novel causal inference method.ResultsIn the meta-analysis, 44 studies (47 cohorts) involving 56 081 critically ill patients were included. Mortality was higher in patients with versus without ARDS (risk ratio 2.48, 95% CI 1.86 to 3.30; p<0.001) with a numerically stronger association between ARDS and mortality in trauma than sepsis. In the survival analysis of three ICU cohorts enrolling 1203 critically ill patients, 658 septic patients were included. After controlling for confounders, ARDS was found to increase the mortality rate by 15% (95% CI 3% to 26%; p=0.015). Significant increases in mortality were seen for severe (23%, 95% CI 3% to 44%; p=0.028) and moderate (16%, 95% CI 2% to 31%; p=0.031), but not for mild ARDS.ConclusionsARDS has a direct causal link with mortality. Our findings provide information about the extent to which continued funding of ARDS prevention trials has potential to impart survival benefit.PROSPERO Registration NumberCRD42017078313

The article reports on the role of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (EMCO) and the new National Service for Disaster Prevention and Response (Senapred) in Chile. The EMCO will be responsible for defining and distributing the necessary military resources to assist the population in case of emergencies, such as earthquakes, tsunamis, or pandemics. Senapred is based on prevention, early warning, and decentralization of emergency response. Additionally, the article mentions the different military resources available in Chile, such as tanks, combat aircraft, and missile frigates. It also highlights Chile's participation in international peace and cooperation missions. [Extracted from the article]

El artículo discute los Proyectos y programas de la Armada de Chile con el enfoque de los reemplazos escuadra nacional y avanzar los marinos chilenos con la ayuda del marino australiano. Particularmente, fragatas antiaéreas. También discute la renovación de submarinos, buque rompehielos, aviación naval y la modernización y la compra de las fraguas británicas y holandesas para la construcción naval.

To describe the prevalence, clinical profile, and prognostic significance of interatrial block (IAB) in heart failure (HF) inpatients.

El artículo analiza el mercado de helicópteros de transporte en las Fuerzas Armadas de América Latina y su flota que incluye Airbus Helicopters y sus importantes contratos en los últimos años. El artículo también analiza la flota de helicópteros Mi-26 y otras empresas preferidas de fabricación de helicópteros como Sikorsky (Lockheed Martin) y AgustaWestland.

El artículo analiza el comando de Combate Sur de los Estados Unidos y su despliegue en la zona de América del Sur para operaciones de seguridad marítima y actividades de cooperación de seguridad. El artículo también analiza el entrenamiento de las Fuerzas Armadas de América del Norte con los países de América Latina, la capacidad de la industria de Defensa de América del Norte.

Se presenta una Entrevista al Comandante en Jefe del Ejército de Chile, General Ricardo Martínez Menantea. Discute diversos temas relacionados con el desarrollo de las capacidades estratégicas de la tecnología militar, la Defensa Nacional y la política de defensa de Chile, la adquisición de helicópteros de transporte ligero y pesado al ejército chileno.

Se presenta una entrevista al Comandante en Jefe de la Fuerza Aérea de Chile, General del Aire Arturo Merino Núñez. En esta entrevista habla de la Feria Internacional del Aire y el Espacio (FIDAE), exhibición de defensa aeroespacial para la seguridad latinoamericana, incorporación de la flota de helicópteros MH-60M Black Hawk y aviones de ataque y entrenamiento avanzado 29B Super Tucano a las fuerzas aéreas chilenas.

El artículo analiza el plan de Desarrollo Estratégico del Ejército de Chile para el año 2026. El artículo también analiza la implementación del programa para la actualización de sistemas de armas, tanques Leopard 2 A4, aeronaves de transporte táctico mediano e incorporación de sistemas de defensa aérea en las fuerzas armadas, incluyendo opiniones de Chile. Comandante en Jefe del Ejército, General Ricardo Martínez Menanteau.

El artículo analiza los programas y Planes de Desarrollo Estratégico del Ministerio de Defensa de la Fuerza Aérea de Chile. El artículo también analiza las capacidades operativas y la modernización de los cazabombarderos F-16 de los aviones Lockheed Martin y C-130 Hercules y la incorporación de nuevos sistemas de radar activo para la guerra electrónica y aviones militares.

El artículo discurre sobre el estado actual de los comandos de operaciones especiales de las Fuerzas Armadas de Chile. El autor comenta sobre el uso de sistemas, armas y otro equipamiento de tales compañías como Israel Weapons Industries, American Technology Network y Airtec GmbH & Co. KG. También se considera cada rama de las fuerzas armadas, incluyendo el ejército, la armada y la fuerza aérea de Chile.

To define the clinical characteristics of patients with variants in TCF20, we describe 27 patients, 26 of whom were identified via exome sequencing. We compare detailed clinical data with 17 previously reported patients.

Fish kill investigations are critical to understanding threats to aquatic ecosystems and can serve as a measure of environmental disruption as well as an early indicator of emerging disease. The goal of this study was to analyze historical data related to such events among wild fish populations in Minnesota in order to assess the quality and completeness of the data and potential trends in fish kills. After excluding events with incomplete data (e.g., in which the location was not reported), we analyzed 225 unique fish kills from 2003 to 2013 that were recorded in two Minnesota Department of Natural Resources databases. The most reported fish kills occurred during 2007 (n =41) and during the month of June (n =81) across all years. Centrarchid species were present in the most fish kills (138), followed by cyprinid and ictalurid species, which were present in 53 and 40 events, respectively. Environmental factors were the most common cause of death reported. Models of environmental factors revealed that the maximum nighttime land surface temperature was the most critical factor in fish mortality, followed by changes in primary productivity and human disturbances. During the course of this study, data gaps were identified, including underreporting, inconsistent investigation, and the lack of definitive diagnoses, making interpretation of our results challenging. Even so, understanding these historical trends and data gaps can be useful in generating hypotheses and advancing data collection systems for investigating future fish kills. Our study is a primer investigation of fish kills providing information on the plausible areas, seasons, and fish groups at risk that can guide active environmental monitoring and epidemiological surveillance of fishes.

La influencia de Estados Unidos de Norteamérica en los países sudamericanos es histórica y eso se refleja en el mundo de la Defensa. Aunque en los últimos años la adquisición de medios militares de otros países como Rusia, China, Israel y de Europa ha quitado una parte del mercado a las compañías estadounidenses, todavía todos los países de América del Sur tienen material de origen norteamericano en servicio en sus Fuerzas Armadas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo discurre sobre los proyectos de las Fábricas y Maestranzas del Ejército (FAMAE), los Astilleros y Maestranzas de la Armada (ASMAR) y la Empresa Nacional de Aeronáutica (ENAER) para las fuerzas armadas de Chile. El autor examina las contribuciones de equipo, sistemas y vehículos militares para la defensa nacional.

El articulo presenta una entrevista con Almirante Julio Leiva Molina, el Comandante en Jefe de la Armada de Chile. Comenta sobre las capacidades de la Armada de Chile y describe la importancia de reemplazar algunos de los fragatas envejecidos. También discurre sobre la participación de la Armada en ejercicios internacionales.

El artículo presenta información acerca de los programas de la Armada de Chile. El autor comenta sobre la Escuadra Nacional, la fuerza de submarinos y los patrulleros de zona marítima, con equipo y sistemas de tales compañías como THALES Underwater Systems, Naval Group y Thyssenkrupp Marine Systems.

The estimation of capacity as a parameter to assess traffic flow performance on freeway facilities has received considerable attention in the literature. Despite the general acceptance of the stochastic notion of capacity, limited research has been conducted on how to select a single representative design value from a capacity distribution function. This paper reports the results of an empirical comparison between conventional capacity estimates and those obtained by maximizing the sustained flow index (SFI) for 19 U.S. freeway sections. The SFI is defined as the product of the traffic volume and the probability of survival at this volume. The capacity of each cross-section was estimated by analyzing the speed–flow relationship and applying methods for stochastic capacity analysis. The results show that the optimum volumes obtained by maximizing the SFI estimated in 5-minute intervals correspond well to the 15% probability of breakdown proposed in the Highway Capacity Manual 6thEditionto estimate the capacity from field data. From these results, it was concluded that maximizing the SFI can be considered a preferred approach to estimate a single, representative value of freeway capacity.

El articulo discute las declaraciones de comandante en jefe de la Armada de Chile Almirante Julio Leiva Molina. Se destaca sobre la construcción de los equipamientos navales tecnologicos en Chile con la experiencia obtenida de Australia. También destaca en modernizar las capacidades navales y marítimas. Otros temas relacionados son reemplazar y renovar las fragatas, Mejorar la vida profesional de las personales con el fin de fortalecer la seguridad nacional del País.

Se presenta una entrevista con el Comandante de la Aviación Naval de la Armada de Chile, Contralmirante Carlos Fiedler Pinto. En esta entrevista habla de los programas de expansión y desarrollo de la fuerza naval, la incorporación de helicópteros Airbus H-125 y la modernización e integración de los aviones Lockheed Martin P-3ACh Orion en las bases aéreas navales de Chile.

Se presenta entrevista a Alberto Espina Otero, Ministro de Defensa Nacional de Chile y miembro de la Renovación Nacional. En esta entrevista habla sobre el fortalecimiento y modernización del Ministerio de Defensa, el liderazgo político de las Fuerzas Armadas, la cooperación con los sistemas de seguridad internacional a través de operaciones de paz que incluyen emergencias nacionales y protección civil.

El artículo analiza los actuales jefes de Estado Mayor Conjunto de Chile (EMCO), actualmente encabezados por Rodrigo Álvarez Aguirre, Vicealmirante de la Armada de Chile. El artículo también analiza estrategias para la Defensa Nacional de Chile, el mando militar, la participación en misiones de paz y la modernización de equipos militares.

In this paper, we propose methods to calculate exact factors for two-sided control-the-centre and control-both-tails tolerance intervals for the (log)-location-scale family of distributions, based on complete or Type II censored data. With Type I censored data, exact factors do not exist. For this case, we developed an algorithm to compute approximate factors. Our approaches are based on Monte Carlo simulations. We also provide algorithms for computing TIs that control the probability in both tails of a distribution. A simulation study for Type I censored data shows that the estimated coverage probability is close to the nominal confidence level when the expected number of uncensored observations is moderate to large. We illustrate the methods with applications using different combinations of distributions and types of censoring.

El artículo discurre sobre el estado actual de la Fuerza Aérea de Chile. El autor comenta sobre la adquisición de equipo, vehículos y aviones, de tales industrias de defensa como Lockheed Martin, Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation y Northrop Grumman. También se considera programas de entrenamiento para la defensa aérea de las fuerzas chilenas.

El artículo discurre sobre el estado actual del Ejército de Chile. El autor comenta sobre la adquisición de equipo, vehículos y armas de tales industrias de defensa como Krauss-Maffei Wegmann, Rheinmetall y BAE Systems. También se considera programas de promover comunicaciones y se examina el Plan 2026 para el futuro del ejército.

El artículo presenta una entrevista con Humberto Oviedo Arriagada, Comandante en Jefe del Ejército de Chile. Comenta sobre la preparación de las fuerzas armadas para confrontar una catástrofe y discurre sobre la compra de equipo y vehículos militares. También describe las operaciones de paz realizados por el ejército.