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The optimal design of multisource systems, hybrid systems in particular, requires an adequate choice of the energy management strategy. This latter usually impacts source sizing and lifetime. The present paper deals with an energy management approach based on a frequency sharing of the mission. Firstly, the limits of a symmetric frequency energy management are presented in the case of a hybrid system associating a fuel cell with a Li-Ion battery. Subsequently, an original energy “asymmetric” management strategy for the optimal sizing of this association is presented. This strategy is then tested on the “Hydrogen” platform at the LAPLACE research laboratory. Finally, the two energy management strategies are compared in the context of an integrated design by optimization; the asymmetric strategy offers significant gains in terms of system weight, which is important for embedded applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose two energy management strategies (EMS) for hybrid electric vehicle, the power system is an hybrid architecture (fuel cell (FC)/battery) with two-converters parallel configuration.Design/methodology/approach First, the authors present the EMS uses a power frequency splitting to allow a natural frequency decomposition of the power loads and second the EMS uses the optimal control theory, based on the Pontryagin’s minimum principle.Findings Thanks to the optimal approach, the control objectives will be easily achieved: hydrogen consumption is minimized and FC health is protected.Originality/value The simulation results show the effectiveness of the control strategy using optimal control theory in term of improvement of the fuel consumption based on a comparison analysis between the two strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that using advanced powertrain technologies can help outperform the state of the art in F1 and LeMans motor racing. By a careful choice and sizing of powertrain components coupled with an optimal energy management strategy, the conflicting requirements of high-performance and high-energy savings can be achieved. Design/methodology/approach - Five main steps were performed. First, definition of requirements: basic performance requirements were defined based on research on the capabilities of Formula 1 race cars. Second, drive cycle generation: a drive cycle was created using these performance requirements as well as other necessary inputs such as the track layout of Circuit de la Sarthe, the drag coefficient, the tire specifications, and the mass of the vehicle. Third, selection of technology: the drive cycle was used to model the power requirements from the powertrain components of the series-hybrid topology. Fourth, lap time sensitivity analysis: the impact of certain design decisions on lap time was determined by the lap time sensitivity analysis. Fifth, modeling and optimization: the design involved building the optimal energy management strategy and comparing the performance of different powertrain component sizings. Findings - Five different powertrain configurations were presented, and several tradeoffs between lap time and different parameters were discussed. The results showed that the fastest achievable lap time using the proposed configurations was 3 min 9 s. It was concluded that several car and component parameters have to be improved to decrease this lap time to the required 2 min 45 s, which is required to outperform F1 on LeMans. Originality/value - This research shows the capabilities of advanced hybrid powertrain components and energy management strategies in motorsports, both in terms of performance and energy savings. The important factors affecting the performance of such a hybrid race car have been highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]