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The article re-categorises two concepts widely used in the literature of wine, old world and new world. It generates a new classification of the world of wine in terms of the up-to-date paths of production, consumption, and global trade expansion in the last decades: emerging countries competing with developed countries. While determining the temporal and geographical location of the major transformations that happened in the wine industry in the last six decades, the article opens the discussion for a better and updated characterisation of the worlds of wine. It is imperative to compare and examine wine countries within their structural local and global economic and competitive context; it is then relevant to use a 21st-century classification like the one this article proposes (developed versus emerging countries) rather than a 20th-century characterisation (old world versus new world) when describing, analysing, and defining the worlds of wine.

This article defines the demographic and socio-economic profile of wine consumers in Europe over the past twenty-five years. It is showed that, although there could be a convergence in wine consumption in Europe, the consumer profiles of the main European wine consumer countries still differ. The article concludes that net importers wine consuming countries in Europe, in this case Germany and the United Kingdom, have wine consumers that are demographically different to the traditional European wine consumer’s profile from the producing wine countries, in this case France, Italy, and Spain.

This paper examines wine tourism and economic sustainability at the winery. In addition to the existing literature, two small scales, burgeoning regions (wineries in the states of New Jersey and Connecticut in the USA) are surveyed, analysed and compared to exemplify opportunities in wine tourism sustainability. Results demonstrate that these regions are relatively young, have small properties, experiment with multiple varietals, and often outsource grapes or juice from other regions. Most of their sales are within their respective state and the majority at the winery itself. Given the proximity to major metropolitan areas of New York, Philadelphia and Boston the wineries must often focus on the tourism of wine as the primary economic activity. They are small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and must focus on marketing to entice visitors for cellar door sales. It is through collaborative marketing efforts of wine associations, wine trails, passport programs, and regional heritage branding that wineries in burgeoning regions can thrive. It is no longer just about size, shelf space and terroir. It is through this cooperative quest for long term sustainability - the combination of the unique environmental, economic and cultural features - of these less known rural regions that will allow smaller wineries to survive.

A simple method to test new gadolinium complexes potentially useful as enhancement agents for magnetic resonance imaging was developed. Healthy rats underwent scintigraphy with two potential hepatobiliary agents, diethyl IDA and diisopropyl IDA complexed with gadolinium-153. Control products included 153Gd DTPA, 153GdCl3and technetium-99m diethyl IDA. As shown scintigraphically, 153Gd IDA complexes were partially excreted by urinary and hepatobiliary excretion early after administration. These findings paralleled significant reduction in 1H Tl values of excised livers. However, these agents exhibited prolonged 153Gd whole-body retention. The prolonged tissue distribution of 153Gd activity in animals given l53Gd diethyl IDA did not differ significantly from that observed in animals given GdCb, and could be attributed to chemical instability or reticuloendothelial uptake. The scintigraphic method permits screening of gadolinium complexes in animals by showing mass balance, kinetics, distribution, and effective stability. Biologic effects of tracer or pharmacologic levels can be compared with those of carrier-free and carrier-added Pharmaceuticals.

Diagnostic radioimmunoimaging is potentially limited by tissue localization of radiolabeled antibody products through mechanisms other than antigen binding. Comparing the distributions of reactive and nonreactive products can distinguish tracer in targeted and nontargeted tissues. To achieve this in a single imaging procedure, dual photopeak scintigraphy was performed using 111In and 67Ga products. Melanoma-bearing athymic mice were coadministered intravenously subtype-matched 111In melanoma-reactive and 67Ga melanoma-nonreactive murine monoclonal antibodies. Paired images from 245 and 93 keV windows were processed with a unique dual parameter color display program. The display algorithm expresses pixel counts from paired photopeak images in polar coordinates and color-encodes angle as hue and magnitude as intensity. The color functional maps permitted ready distinction of immune from nonimmune uptake. Compared with single tracer imaging methods, this technique better depicts antigen distribution.