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The performance of a Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery is highly dependent on its operating temperature. Therefore, the Li-ion battery cooling system needs to be investigated when designing a battery pack. The cooling system must be able to maintain the operating temperature of the battery without exceeding its maximum temperature, so that the performance and safety of the battery pack can be guaranteed. This study aims to determine the effect of C-Rate variations on the operating temperature of the NMC battery through a numerical investigation. Lithium-Ion 18650 batteries arranged in a battery module with a 5×5 configuration is evaluated using a forced-liquid cooling system, with water as the coolant. Numerical simulations were run using the ECM heat generation model at different discharge rates of 1C, 2C, 3C, 4C, and 5C for 720 s. The results obtained indicate that the increase in battery pack temperature is directly proportional to the increase in C-Rate. The operating temperature for the five discharge rates is still in the range of safe operating conditions for the battery pack with the maximum temperature difference is below 5°C.

Introduction. Banana plants (Musa sp.) face problems caused by diseases such as Yellow Sigatoka (Mycosphaerella musicola), which is responsible for significant economic losses. Through micropropagation techniques, a somaclone variety called CIEN BTA-03 resistant to this disease was obtained. The purpose of this study was to compare fruits of somaclone CIEN BTA-03 and its parental clone Williams. Materials and methods. Fruits from both clones were studied, determining shape, weight, dimensions, proportions, pulp viscosity and consistency, total solids, soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity, sugars, ash, total phenolic content and crude fiber, and analyzing their color, odor and taste. Results and discussion. Clones differed in shape, weight and [pulp/peel] ratio. Pulps also differed in viscosity, pH, and soluble solids, sugars and phenolic compound contents. Differences between the two clones favored clone CIEN BTA-03, since it was better ranked for the color, odor and taste characteristics. Conclusion. Despite being resistant to Yellow Sigatoka, somaclone CIEN BTA-03 shows better sensory characteristics than its parental clone Williams.

Introduction. Banana plants (Musa sp.) face problems caused by diseases such as Yellow Sigatoka (Mycosphaerella musicola), which is responsible for significant economic losses. Through micropropagation techniques, a somaclone variety called CIEN BTA-03 resistant to this disease was obtained. The purpose of this study was to compare fruits of somaclone CIEN BTA-03 and its parental clone Williams. Materials and methods. Fruits from both clones were studied, determining shape, weight, dimensions, proportions, pulp viscosity and consistency, total solids, soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity, sugars, ash, total phenolic content and crude fiber, and analyzing their color, odor and taste. Results and discussion. Clones differed in shape, weight and [pulp/peel] ratio. Pulps also differed in viscosity, pH, and soluble solids, sugars and phenolic compound contents. Differences between the two clones favored clone CIEN BTA-03, since it was better ranked for the color, odor and taste characteristics. Conclusion. Despite being resistant to Yellow Sigatoka, somaclone CIEN BTA-03 shows better sensory characteristics than its parental clone Williams.

About 300 strains of bifidobacteria were examined for their capacity to release L-isoleucine in the fermentation broth. A strain of the speciesBifidobacterium ruminale was selected as the best producer. After treatment of this strain with NTG a DL-a-aminobutyric acid-resistant mutant capable of producing about 5 mg/ml of L-isoleucine in presence of 1.5 % DL-a-aminobutyric acid was obtained. Cultural conditions and acetohydroxyacid synthetase activity were studied.

Properties of fruits of two wild species of two columnar cacti, cardon dato (Stenocereus griseus) and cardon lefaria (Cereus repandus) are reported. The fruits seem to have good potential as food and feed in Venezuelan arid zones. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd

Summary A number of DL-a-aminobutyric acid-resistant mutants ofBifidobacterium ruminale were isolated. Several of these mutants were found to be superior to the parent strain in converting a-aminobutyric acid to L-isoleucine and in the valine accumulation. One of them accumulated over 9 mg/ml of L-isoleucine in presence of 3% DL-a-aminobutyric acid and 3 mg/ml of L-valine in absence of the precursor.

The European Coordinating Committee for Artificial Intelligence(ECCAI) organizes biennial Advanced Courses on Artificial Intelligence(ACAI) open to interested personnel from all over the world, ACAI-9I covered the topic of Issues In Reasoning, through six lectures. ACAI'91 was organized by ECCAI and AEPIA, and hosted by IDEIA, the AI department of LABEIN.