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Segmental bone defects are defined as bone discontinuities with or without soft tissue defects, extending across the width of the bone. When this defect is 2–2.5 times larger than the diameter of the damaged bone, it is considered a critical segmental bone defect. What has been considered over the past 5 decades is that, based on clinical evidence, the presence of traumatic brain injury accelerates bone healing in patients with long-bone fractures.