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A study conducted at Chengdu University in China investigated the effects of salt-enzyme-alkali tenderization treatments on the texture and collagen properties of pork skin. The research found that the treatment process led to a decrease in skin shear force, hardness, and chewability, while elasticity increased. Collagen solubility increased, and the structure of collagen fibers changed during the treatment stages. The study concluded that the treatment improved the physical properties and texture of edible pork skins by dissolving collagen fibers and altering collagen structure. [Extracted from the article]

The patent application titled "Enzymatically Methylated DNA And Methods Of Production And Therapeutic Use" discusses a method of regulating the immune response using enzymatically methylated DNA. This method allows for specific modulation of the immune response, potentially benefiting patients with conditions such as cancer, autoimmune diseases, and transplant rejection. By varying enzymatic methylation parameters, researchers can control the methylation levels and patterns of DNA, providing a more targeted approach to immune regulation. The patent application outlines detailed methods for enzymatically methylating DNA and highlights the potential therapeutic applications of this technology in treating allergies, autoimmune diseases, cancer, and transplant rejection. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Drexel University College of Medicine focused on the role of interleukin-11 (IL-11) in systemic sclerosis (SSc) and fibrosis. The research found that IL-11 expression in SSc is dependent on caspase-1 activity and downstream cytokines TGF-b1 and IL-1b, while IL-11Ra1 expression is only dependent on NF-kB. The study concluded that IL-11 and its receptor, IL-11Ra1, are elevated in fibrosis, shedding light on the mechanisms underlying this condition. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses research conducted at the All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology on increasing the productivity of hydrolase producers through induced mutagenesis. The study focused on enhancing the productivity of natural hydrolase producers, such as B. subtilis and T. harzianum, by utilizing various methods of non-directed induced mutagenesis. The research found that mutagenesis using gamma rays was the most effective method in obtaining highly active producers of extracellular hydrolytic enzymes. The study concluded that induced mutagenesis can not only increase enzyme accumulation but also lead to the development of new drugs based on highly productive strains of microorganisms with hydrolase activity for eco-friendly agricultural waste processing. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Menoufia University focused on the characterization of Candida species isolated from clinical specimens, examining their virulence traits, antifungal resistance, and molecular profiles. The research identified key genes regulating virulence mechanisms using multiplex PCR and assessed the correlation between virulence profiles and antifungal resistance patterns. The study found that C. albicans was the most common species, showing high virulence with strong biofilm formation and high proteinase and melanin production. The research concluded that understanding the correlation between virulence markers and resistance patterns among different Candida isolates is crucial for predicting the severity and outcomes of Candida infections, guiding tailored treatment strategies. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology in West Bengal, India, have conducted a study on Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSF), a condition linked to the consumption of areca nuts. They found that bromelain, an enzyme from pineapples, can degrade collagen, a key component affected in OSF, without affecting the mucoadhesive properties of a patch. This research provides insight into potential therapeutic applications of bromelain-containing patches for OSF treatment. The study has been peer-reviewed and offers a new avenue for clinical research in this area. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at Saga University in Japan has investigated the pH-responsive behavior of collagen hydrogels prepared using ultraviolet (UV) irradiation with riboflavin as a photosensitizer. The researchers found that by varying the UV exposure time, they were able to modulate the crosslinking density of the hydrogels, which influenced their mechanical properties and pH responsiveness. The hydrogels demonstrated biocompatibility and potential applications in tissue engineering and drug delivery. The study was funded by the Japan Society For The Promotion of Science (Jsps) Kakenhi. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at Jiangsu University in Zhenjiang, China, explores the potential of insect gut symbionts for the biodegradation of polyethylene, a synthetic plastic that contributes to global pollution. The researchers isolated and characterized microbial isolates from the guts of wood-feeding termites and lesser waxworms, identifying various taxonomic groups including Bacillus, Citrobacter, Cellulosimicrobium, Rhodococcus, Pseudomonas, Candida, and others. Some of these isolates demonstrated the ability to degrade polyethylene, with Bacillus cereus and Candida guilliermondii showing the highest efficacy. The study suggests that insect gut bacteria and yeasts could be utilized for biotechnological applications in plastic waste remediation. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Macquarie University in Sydney, Australia, has explored the potential of yeast cell factories to secrete important enzymes, which could significantly reduce production costs in various industries such as pharmaceuticals, food and feed, textiles, detergents, materials, and energy. The researchers developed a method using double emulsion droplets and flow cytometry techniques to screen and select yeast cells that secrete cellulase enzymes. This user-friendly method has the potential to be combined with synthetic biology techniques to optimize product yield and stability. The study was supported by various funding sources, including the Australian Research Council and the National Health & Medical Research Council of Australia. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Jiangnan University in Jiangsu, China have made progress in the food and pharmaceutical industries by achieving food-grade expression of cyclomaltodextrinase (CDase) using Bacillus subtilis as a host. CDase is a key enzyme in the synthesis of maltodextrins, which are widely used in various industries. The researchers investigated the enzymatic properties of the recombinant CDase and enhanced its extracellular secretion to make it more accessible for use in the food industry. The addition of Mn2+ to the fermentation medium significantly increased the extracellular secretion efficiency of the recombinant CDase. This research has been peer-reviewed and published in Food Bioscience. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at the Chinese Academy of Sciences have developed a new microbial electrochemical composting technology to enhance the conversion of lignocellulose into humus. The technology involves introducing a fungus called Aspergillus oryzae, which exhibits a higher propagation rate and secretes more lignocellulose-degrading enzymes under electric field assistance. The study found that the electric field can act as an activator of Aspergillus oryzae and magnify its function, resulting in increased production of extracellular enzymes and conversion of lignocellulose to humus. This innovative technique contributes to the conversion of organic waste into high-quality soil conditioner products. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from Harvard University have conducted a study on extracellular matrix proteins and their role in tissue fibrosis. They found that the natural product sanglifehrin A (SfA) inhibits collagen synthesis by targeting the collagen chaperone cyclophilin B. In preclinical and human ex vivo fibrotic models, SfA was shown to mitigate fibrosis by inhibiting collagen synthesis. This research provides evidence for the potential use of SfA as an antifibrotic agent in the treatment of organ fibrosis. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Hasanuddin University in Makassar, Indonesia, has focused on the isolation and production of protease, an enzyme that plays a crucial role in various industrial processes. The researchers collected samples from marine sediments in South Sulawesi, Indonesia, and identified a specific bacteria isolate, MBS-L3, which exhibited proteolytic activity. Molecular characterization revealed that the MBS-L3 isolate has a high similarity to Vibrio alginolyticus strain NRBC 15630. The researchers concluded that this proteolytic isolate from marine sediments has the potential to be used in the development of new drugs in the fields of medicine, pharmaceuticals, and biotechnology. [Extracted from the article]

A recent systematic review conducted at Universidade Fernando Pessoa in Porto, Portugal, examined the mechanisms of degradation of collagen and gelatin biomaterials in oral surgery. The researchers used four databases to search for relevant articles and followed PRISMA recommendations for the identification and exclusion of evidence. The review found that there is a lack of uniformity in the protocols used in the studies, which influenced the degradation times. The researchers also identified shortcomings in the laboratory evaluation of collagen enzymatic degradation, including the lack of standardization in degradation test protocols and variations in collagenase concentrations and types. However, the review comprehensively understood the mechanisms associated with collagen enzymatic degradation in collagen and gelatin biomaterials. The researchers suggested the need for in vitro studies using human saliva and physiological levels of collagenase concentration to simulate oral dynamics. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at Umm Al-Qura University has reported new findings on gout. The study focuses on the uricase enzyme, which plays a crucial role in reducing urate accumulation during diseases such as hyperuricemia and gout. The researchers highlight the potential applications of microbial uricase production, emphasizing the advantages of extracellular uricase for biotechnological purposes. They also discuss the factors influencing the production, activity, and purification of the enzyme. The study concludes by suggesting further investigation into extracellular uricase-producing microbial strains and the potential use of uricase gene-carrying recombinant probiotic microorganisms for gout treatment. [Extracted from the article]

• Plasmonic Bi/BiO 1- x I with abundant oxygen vacancy was synthesized. • E. coli K-12 was effectively inactivated by solar irradiation of Bi/BiO 1- x I in water. • Reactive species and hyperthermia contributed to the bacterial inactivation. • Bacteria were inactivated step by step from the outer membrane to the inner biomolecular. • A synergy between photocatalytic and photothermal inactivation was demonstrated. In this study, bismuth oxyiodide with coexistence of plasmonic Bi and oxygen vacancy (Bi/BiO 1- x I) was successfully prepared and used towards photothermal and photocatalytic disinfection of pathogenic bacteria containing water. Plasmonic Bi and oxygen vacancies in Bi/BiO 1- x I induced a surface plasmon effect under the irradiation of simulated solar light from 500-900 nm and promoted the generation of hot electrons and reactive species (1O 2 , h+ and •O 2 −). The catalyst showed promising performance for inactivation of E. coli K-12, with a 7.2 log inactivated achieved under the optimum conditions. A synergy between photothermal and photocatalytic inactivation was identified and discussed. The mechanisms of E. coli K-12 destruction were investigated. The destruction of extracellular antioxidant enzymes of E. coli K-12 was identified after inactivation. Moreover, the E. coli's membrane and its intracellular contents were attacked by the reactive species (1O 2 , h+ and •O 2 −) and the thermal effects. This work provides useful insights into the rational design of semimetal bismuth-mediated photocatalysts towards effective and sustainable water disinfection. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing occurrence of intrinsically antimicrobial-resistant, human pathogens and the protective biofilm-mode in which they grow, dictates a need for the alternative control of infectious biofilms. Biofilm bacteria utilize dispersal mechanisms to detach parts of a biofilm as part of the biofilm life-cycle during times of nutrient scarcity or overpopulation. We here identify recent advances and future challenges in the development of dispersants as a new infection-control strategy. Deoxyribonuclease (DNase) and other extracellular enzymes can disrupt the extracellular matrix of a biofilm to cause dispersal. Also, a variety of small molecules, reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide releasing compounds, peptides and molecules regulating signaling pathways in biofilms have been described as dispersants. On their own, dispersants do not inhibit bacterial growth or kill bacterial pathogens. Both natural, as well as artificial dispersants, are unstable and hydrophobic which necessitate their encapsulation in smart nanocarriers, like pH-responsive micelles, liposomes or hydrogels. Depending on their composition, nanoparticles can also possess intrinsic dispersant properties. Bacteria dispersed from an infectious biofilm end up in the blood circulation where they are cleared by host immune cells. However, this sudden increase in bacterial concentration can also cause sepsis. Simultaneous antibiotic loading of nanoparticles with dispersant properties or combined administration of dispersants and antibiotics can counter this threat. Importantly, biofilm remaining after dispersant administration appears more susceptible to existing antibiotics. Being part of the natural biofilm life-cycle, no signs of "dispersant-resistance" have been observed. Dispersants are therewith promising for the control of infectious biofilms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A recent study conducted at the Second Affiliated Hospital explored the potential role of Odanacatib (ODN), a cathepsin K (CatK) inhibitor, in the treatment of postmenopausal intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). The researchers collected disc tissues from female spinal fracture patients and analyzed the expression of CatK in different estrogen levels. They also injected ODN into ovariectomized (OVX) mice and compared the effects on disc height index, aggrecan positive area, collagen I and II, inflammatory factors, and apoptosis-related gene expression. The study found that ODN treatment could suppress the expression of MMP-3, MMP-13, caspase-3, and caspase-8, protecting the stability of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The researchers concluded that ODN has the potential to delay IVDD by suppressing apoptosis and ECM degradation. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study investigated the impact of hyaluronidase on the release kinetics and pharmacokinetic profiles of the long-acting injectable paliperidone palmitate in rodent models. The study found that co-administration of hyaluronidase increased paliperidone plasma exposures in the first week after injection, but did not affect the overall long-acting release nature of the formulation. Additionally, hyaluronidase-associated modification of the injection site depot was observed in mice but not in rats. These findings suggest that further research on the use of hyaluronidase with long-acting injectable agents is needed. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf in Germany discusses the role of purinergic enzymes on extracellular vesicles (EVs) in immune modulation. The study highlights that an increase in extracellular ATP, a result of cellular stress or cell death, activates immune cells. To prevent inflammation, ATP is rapidly metabolized to adenosine, which triggers an anti-inflammatory signaling cascade. The discovery that EVs carry purinergic enzyme activity suggests their involvement in immune regulation, with adenosine-generating EVs derived from cancer cells suppressing the anti-tumor response, while EVs from immune or mesenchymal stem cells contribute to restoring homeostasis after infection. The research concludes by discussing the potential therapeutic applications of EVs in immune modulation. [Extracted from the article]

A research study conducted at the University of Technology in Malaysia aimed to optimize the production of cellulolytic enzymes from Trichoderma harzianum and Aspergillus fumigatus using solid-state fermentation. The study found that the initial moisture content of the fermentation medium had the greatest impact on enzyme activity, followed by inoculum size and initial pH. The optimal conditions for T. harzianum were pH 6, an inoculum size of 5 x 10(7) spore/g substrate, and 60% moisture content, while A. fumigatus required an inoculum size of 1.25 x 10(8) spore/g substrate, a 60% initial moisture content, and pH 3. The researchers also discovered that freeze-drying preserved the enzymatic activities of the enzymes. The study suggests that these enzymes could be used for agro-biomass saccharification to produce biofuel. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Augusta University explored the role of CD73, an enzyme involved in extracellular nucleotide signaling, in periodontitis. The researchers found that CD73 plays a protective role in the gingival periodontal tissue and bone homeostasis by regulating the hyper-inflammatory state of stromal fibroblasts and osteoclast energy metabolism. The study showed that CD73-deficient mice exhibited increased inflammatory cytokines, defective healing response, increased osteoclastogenesis, and decreased bone mineral density. The findings suggest that CD73 could be a potential target for future therapies to prevent or control immune-mediated inflammatory and osteolytic diseases. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from the National Research Council of Canada discusses the unique epitope-antibody interactions in the intrinsically disordered proteoglycan-like domain of human carbonic anhydrase IX (CA-IX). CA-IX is an extracellular enzyme that plays a crucial role in tumor cell adaptation to hypoxic and acidic environments. The researchers characterized the antibody-epitope interactions of two novel antibodies (11H9 and 12H8) specific to CA-IX's intrinsically disordered region. They used surface plasmon resonance and high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to study the binding interactions and determined the specific epitopes using NMR and yeast surface display (YSD). The study provides insights into the structural features of the antibody-epitope interactions and highlights the use of NMR and YSD as complementary tools for studying intrinsically unstructured antigen domains. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from researchers at University College London (UCL) explores the role of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) in colon cancer. The study found that uPA, an extracellular proteolytic enzyme encoded by the PLAU gene, is involved in cancer progression and tumor microenvironment (TME) remodeling. By targeting uPA, researchers were able to reduce matrix degradation and cancer cell invasion in an engineered 3D in vitro model. These findings suggest that targeting uPA could be an effective mechano-based therapy for cancer. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from researchers at the University of Jinan in China explores the role of purinergic signaling in thyroid diseases, including hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and thyroid cancer. The study highlights the importance of understanding the changes in purinergic receptors, extracellular enzymes, and extracellular nucleotides and adenosine in these conditions. The findings suggest that a deeper understanding of the purinergic system could provide insights into the molecular basis of thyroid diseases and potentially lead to new treatments, particularly for thyroid cancer. The research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords: Bacillaceae; Bacillus subtilis; Endospore-Forming Bacteria; Engineering; Enzymes and Coenzymes; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Gram-Positive Endospore-Forming Rods; Gram-Positive Rods; Health and Medicine EN Bacillaceae Bacillus subtilis Endospore-Forming Bacteria Engineering Enzymes and Coenzymes Gram-Positive Bacteria Gram-Positive Endospore-Forming Rods Gram-Positive Rods Health and Medicine 3928 3928 1 09/11/23 20230915 NES 230915 2023 SEP 15 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Health & Medicine Week -- New research on Bacillus subtilis is the subject of a new report. The high passage stability and multi-enzyme preservation stability made B. subtilis PSH02 an excellent industrial production strain.". [Extracted from the article]

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Keywords: Jeollabuk Do; South Korea; Asia; Food and Farming; Enzymes and Coenzymes; Food EN Jeollabuk Do South Korea Asia Food and Farming Enzymes and Coenzymes Food 42 42 1 07/31/23 20230803 NES 230803 2023 AUG 3 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Food Weekly News -- Data detailed on Food and Farming have been presented. Jeollabuk Do, South Korea, Asia, Food and Farming, Enzymes and Coenzymes, Food. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords: Oslo; Norway; Europe; Cardiology; Cardiovascular Diseases and Conditions; Disintegrins; Enzymes and Coenzymes; Health and Medicine; Heart Disease; Heart Disorders and Diseases; Heart Failure; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Membrane Glycoproteins; Membrane Proteins; Metalloproteases; Peptide Hydrolases; Peptides; Peptides and Proteins; Thrombospondins; Transforming Growth Factors EN Oslo Norway Europe Cardiology Cardiovascular Diseases and Conditions Disintegrins Enzymes and Coenzymes Health and Medicine Heart Disease Heart Disorders and Diseases Heart Failure Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins Membrane Glycoproteins Membrane Proteins Metalloproteases Peptide Hydrolases Peptides Peptides and Proteins Thrombospondins Transforming Growth Factors 620 620 1 07/17/23 20230717 NES 230717 2023 JUL 17 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Cardiovascular Week -- Researchers detail new data in Heart Disorders and Diseases - Heart Failure. Oslo, Norway, Europe, Cardiology, Cardiovascular Diseases and Conditions, Disintegrins, Enzymes and Coenzymes, Health and Medicine, Heart Disease, Heart Disorders and Diseases, Heart Failure, Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Membrane Glycoproteins, Membrane Proteins, Metalloproteases, Peptide Hydrolases, Peptides, Peptides and Proteins, Thrombospondins, Transforming Growth Factors Keywords for this news article include: Oslo, Norway, Europe, Cardiology, Cardiovascular Diseases and Conditions, Disintegrins, Enzymes and Coenzymes, Health and Medicine, Heart Disease, Heart Disorders and Diseases, Heart Failure, Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Membrane Glycoproteins, Membrane Proteins, Metalloproteases, Peptide Hydrolases, Peptides, Peptides and Proteins, Thrombospondins, Transforming Growth Factors, Oslo University Hospital. [Extracted from the article]

However, in situ in vascular smooth muscle cells, LOXL2 processing by FXa results in decreased cross-linking activity in the ECM and shifts substrate preference of LOXL2 from type IV collagen to type I collagen. Keywords: Baltimore; State:Maryland; United States; North and Central America; Blood Coagulation Factors; Blood Proteins; Collagen; Enzymes and Coenzymes; Extracellular Matrix Proteins; Factor Xa; Health and Medicine; Hematology; Oxidase; Peptide Hydrolases; Serine Endopeptidases EN Baltimore State:Maryland United States North and Central America Blood Coagulation Factors Blood Proteins Collagen Enzymes and Coenzymes Extracellular Matrix Proteins Factor Xa Health and Medicine Hematology Oxidase Peptide Hydrolases Serine Endopeptidases 358 358 1 06/19/23 20230620 NES 230620 2023 JUN 22 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Hematology Week -- Current study results on Proteins - Extracellular Matrix Proteins have been published. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords: Cardiology; Cardiovascular Diseases and Conditions; Enzymes and Coenzymes; Health and Medicine; Heart Disease; Heart Disorders and Diseases; Heart Failure EN Cardiology Cardiovascular Diseases and Conditions Enzymes and Coenzymes Health and Medicine Heart Disease Heart Disorders and Diseases Heart Failure 377 377 1 06/05/23 20230605 NES 230605 2023 JUN 5 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Cardiovascular Week -- Investigators discuss new findings in heart failure. Targeting ADAMTS4 may serve as a novel strategy in heart failure treatment, in particular in heart failure with fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction.". [Extracted from the article]

Cancer, Collagenases, Endopeptidases, Enzymes and Coenzymes, Gelatinases, Genetics, Health and Medicine, Matrix Metalloproteinase, Matrix Metalloproteinase 9, Matrix Metalloproteinases, Metalloendopeptidases, Metalloproteases, Metalloproteinases, Metalloproteins, Oncology, Peptide Hydrolases, Peptides and Proteins, Proteomics, Secreted Matrix Metalloproteinases Keywords: Cancer; Collagenases; Endopeptidases; Enzymes and Coenzymes; Gelatinases; Genetics; Health and Medicine; Matrix Metalloproteinase; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; Matrix Metalloproteinases; Metalloendopeptidases; Metalloproteases; Metalloproteinases; Metalloproteins; Oncology; Peptide Hydrolases; Peptides and Proteins; Proteomics; Secreted Matrix Metalloproteinases EN Cancer Collagenases Endopeptidases Enzymes and Coenzymes Gelatinases Genetics Health and Medicine Matrix Metalloproteinase Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Matrix Metalloproteinases Metalloendopeptidases Metalloproteases Metalloproteinases Metalloproteins Oncology Peptide Hydrolases Peptides and Proteins Proteomics Secreted Matrix Metalloproteinases 615 615 1 05/02/23 20230501 NES 230501 2023 MAY 2 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Clinical Trials Week -- Investigators publish new report on cancer. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords for this news article include: Urbana, Illinois, United States, North and Central America, Gammaproteobacteria, Gram-Negative Aerobic Rods and Cocci, Gram-Negative Bacteria, Lysobacter, Proteobacteria, Xanthomonadaceae, University of Illinois. Keywords: Urbana; State:Illinois; United States; North and Central America; Gammaproteobacteria; Gram-Negative Aerobic Rods and Cocci; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Lysobacter; Proteobacteria; Xanthomonadaceae EN Urbana State:Illinois United States North and Central America Gammaproteobacteria Gram-Negative Aerobic Rods and Cocci Gram-Negative Bacteria Lysobacter Proteobacteria Xanthomonadaceae 2139 2139 1 04/17/23 20230421 NES 230421 2023 APR 21 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Drug Week -- Investigators publish new report on Gram-Negative Bacteria - Lysobacter. [Extracted from the article]

For more information on this research see: Chitinase A, a tightly regulated virulence factor of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, is actively secreted by a Type 10 Secretion System. Keywords: Munich; Germany; Europe; Bacterial Polysaccharides; Biological Factors; Biological Toxins; Cell Research; Chitinase; Enterobacteriaceae; Enzymes and Coenzymes; Epithelial Cells; Foodborne Diseases and Conditions; Gammaproteobacteria; Glycopeptides; Glycoside Hydrolases; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Negative Facultatively Anaerobic Rods; Health and Medicine; Hydrolases; Intestinal Epithelial Cells; Mucoproteins; Peptides; Peptidoglycan; Proteins; Proteobacteria; Salmonella; Salmonella enterica; Virulence Factors EN Munich Germany Europe Bacterial Polysaccharides Biological Factors Biological Toxins Cell Research Chitinase Enterobacteriaceae Enzymes and Coenzymes Epithelial Cells Foodborne Diseases and Conditions Gammaproteobacteria Glycopeptides Glycoside Hydrolases Gram-Negative Bacteria Gram-Negative Facultatively Anaerobic Rods Health and Medicine Hydrolases Intestinal Epithelial Cells Mucoproteins Peptides Peptidoglycan Proteins Proteobacteria Salmonella Salmonella enterica Virulence Factors 77 77 1 04/17/23 20230420 NES 230420 2023 APR 20 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Food Weekly News -- New research on Gram-Negative Bacteria - Salmonella enterica is the subject of a report. [Extracted from the article]

According to news originating from the University of Technology by NewsRx correspondents, research stated, "Pullulanase is defined as an extracellular carbohydrase enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of pullulan into maltotriose. Keywords: Applied Sciences and Nanotechnology; Enzymes and Coenzymes; Pullulanase; Science EN Applied Sciences and Nanotechnology Enzymes and Coenzymes Pullulanase Science 4807 4807 1 03/27/23 20230331 NES 230331 2023 MAR 31 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Health & Medicine Week -- Researchers detail new data in applied sciences and nanotechnology. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords: Enzymes and Coenzymes; Gelatinases EN Enzymes and Coenzymes Gelatinases 2023 MAR 13 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Hematology Week -- New study results on enzymes and coenzymes have been published. L. reuteri PSC102 exhibited tolerance toward low pH and bile salt and did not produce harmful enzymes or possess hemolytic and gelatinase activities.". [Extracted from the article]

Six potential isolates were identified by 16s rRNA sequencing as Bacillus altitudinus HEM05, Bacillus halotolerance ARKH1, Bacillus safensis CO05, Bacillus subtilis subsp. inaquorum BE1, Bacillus tequi-lensis SAS23 and Bacillus siamensis BHO27. Study Results from Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Update Understanding of Drug Research (A Comparative Study On Fibrinolytic Enzymes Extracted From Six Bacillus Spp. The enzymes were active between 37 degrees C to 60 degrees C. Effect of inhibitory activity of metal ions, protease inhibitors and amidolytic activity on purified enzymes indicated fibrinolytic enzymes from Bacillus altitudinus HEM05, Bacillus halotolerance ARKH1, Bacillus safensis CO05 as plasmin serine protease, from Bacillus subtilis subsp. inaquorum BE1, Bacillus tequilensis SAS23 as subtilin chymotrypsin like metalloprotease and from Bacillus siamensis BHO27 as subtilin chymotrypsin.". [Extracted from the article]

Organic particles sinking from the sunlit surface are oases of food for heterotrophic bacteria living in the deep ocean. Particle-attached bacteria need to solubilize particles, so they produce exoenzymes that cleave bonds to make molecules small enough to be transported through bacterial cell walls. Releasing exoenzymes, which have an energetic cost, to the external environment is risky because there is no guarantee that products of exoenzyme activity, called hydrolysate, will diffuse to the particleattached bacterium that produced the exoenzymes. Strategies used by particle-attached bacteria to counteract diffusive losses of exoenzymes and hydrolysate are investigated in a water column model. We find that production of exoenzymes by particle-attached bacteria is only energetically worthwhile at high bacterial abundances. Quorum sensing provides the means to determine local abundances, and thus the model results support lab and field studies which found that particle-attached bacteria have the ability to use quorum sensing. Additional model results are that particle-attached bacterial production is sensitive to diffusion of hydrolysate from the particle and is enhanced by as much as 15 times when diffusion of exoenzymes and hydrolysate from particles is reduced by barriers of biofilms and particle-attached bacteria. Bacterial colonization rates and activities on particles in both the euphotic and mesopelagic zones impact remineralization length scales. Shoaling or deepening of the remineralization depth has been shown to exert significant influence on the residence time and concentration of carbon in the atmosphere and ocean. By linking variability in remineralization depths to mechanisms governing bacterial colonization of particles and group coordination of exoenzyme production using a model, we quantitatively connect microscale bacteria-particle interactions to the carbon cycle and provide new insights for future observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extracellular enzymes (EE) initiate heterotrophic remineralization by hydrolyzing high-molecular-weight organic matter to substrates that are sufficiently small (approximately 600 Da) to be transported across cell membranes. An accurate understanding of EE associated remineralization processes in sedimentary deposits requires measuring patterns of extracellular enzyme activity (EEA) with minimal disturbance of natural sediment structure. In this study, two-dimensional patterns of extracellular enzyme (leucine aminopeptidase) activity in shallow-water, marine sediments from Great Peconic Bay, Long Island, New York were examined seasonally at sub-millimeter resolution by using a newly developed EE planar fluorosensor. Comparisons of spatially averaged, vertical enzyme activity profiles measured using this imaging sensor system and traditional sediment homogenization techniques verified the overall consistency of the methodology. The depth-averaged EEA (approximately 10 cm) varied seasonally with highest levels in the late spring through summer (0.2 µmol substrate g-wet-wt-1 hr-1) and lowest in the late fall and early winter (0.1 µmol substrate g-wet-wt-1 hr-1). EEA distributions, however, showed extensive small-scale horizontal heterogeneity as well as vertical variations. Both the input of reactive substrates (planktonic organic matter) and temperature differences accounted for major changes in EEA seasonally. In general, horizontal heterogeneity in EEA was greatest during warm seasons (summer, fall) as a result of increased macrofaunal activity. On the other hand, vertical variations are less significant during warm periods compared with cold periods as the sediment is more intensely reworked. Hot spots of elevated microbial activity from sub-millimeter to millimeter scales are observed in some seasons and are specifically associated with substrate inputs from phytoplankton blooms and particle reworking by infauna. The deposition of phytodetritus from an early spring bloom greatly enhanced surface sediment EEA, and at this time high EEA closely coincided with regions of elevated metabolite production as measured by NH4+ and ΣCO2 concentrations. Direct correlations between averaged EEA distributions and nutrient production rates were observed throughout the year but no correlations between EEA and pore water nutrient concentrations were present. Spatially resolved EEA directly tracks reactive particle distributions and is generally independent of solute transport mechanisms, such as bioirrigation, and redox conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of algae cells and algae-derived organic matter (AOM) including extracellular organic matter (EOM) and intracellular organic matter (IOM) has a significant impact on drinking water treatment. Jar tests were conducted with or without preozonation to assess the effect of preozonation on the characteristics of AOM and algae cells with respect to their removal by the following coagulation process. Algae cells and AOM were analyzed by photomicrography, particle size distribution, UV absorbance scanning, HPSEC-UV and batch ultrafiltration (UF). Micrographs and particle size distribution of algae cells with or without ozonation showed that ozonation could oxidize chlorophyll in algae cells, damage algae cells to varying degrees and increase the settling property of algae cells. UV absorbance scanning showed there were more protein-like substances in AOM. Molecular weight (MW) distribution revealed that lOM and EOM had almost the same species of organic matter: the major species of IOM was organic matter with high MW and EOM was organic matter with lower MW. Overall, preozonation can enhance the coagulation process by greatly increasing the removal efficiency of algae cells and particles. At the same time, preozonation is not very effective on enhancing AOM removal, for it is limited in improving the removal rate of EOM, and it can cause the release of IOM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

More specifically, they note that under elevated CO2, soil microbes "reduced investment in carbon cycling enzymes in favor of phosphorus or nitrogen cycling enzymes." Thereafter, soil microbes were able to utilize this additional labile pool of carbon, and possibly some of the nitrogen (N) saved from reduced investment in carbon cycle enzymes, to synthesize P-acquiring enzymes in order to obtain more of this scarce nutrient. Consequently, the increased relative microbial investment in P acquisition enabled increased mineralization in the naturally P-limited grassland ecosystems, thereby providing a mechanism by which elevated CO2 helped to alleviate the plant and ecosystem P limitation. [Extracted from the article]