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'It was the best of times, it was the worst of times. It was the age of opportunities, it was the age of carelessness. It was the epoch of market [...]

The article offers information about photographer Sarah Doyle and her series "Make the World Go Away," which serves as a release from everyday stresses through playful and fun abstractions. It uses experimentation as a way of traveling to and inventing new places, creating her own world through colors, lines, light, and shadow.

COVID-19 has been characterized by unprecedented levels of public gratitude to some, but not all, essential workers. In this research, we integrate insights from the stigmatized occupations and gratitude literature to build theory on the positive andnegative relationships between such displays of public gratitude and essential workers’ recovery activities. We argue that felt public gratitude positively relates to adaptiverecovery activities (e.g., exercise) and negatively relates to maladaptiverecovery activities (e.g., overdrinking). We further explain how felt public gratitude impacts (mal)adaptive recovery activities through (a) felt invisibility and (b) negative/positive affect. We find support for our predictions in a two-wave survey of 186 corrections officers (Study 1) and an experiment with 379 essential workers across a variety of industries (Study 2).

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) of the innate immune system represent the critical front‐line defense against pathogens, and new vaccine formulations target these PRR pathways to boost vaccine responses, through activation of cellular/Th1 immunity. The majority of pediatric vaccines contain aluminum (ALUM) or monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) as adjuvants to encourage immune activation. Evidence suggests that elements of the innate immune system, currently being targeted for vaccine adjuvanticity do not fully develop until puberty and it is likely that effective adjuvants for the neonatal and pediatric populations are being overlooked due to modeling of responses in adult systems. We recently reported that the activity of the cytosolic nucleic acid (CNA) sensing family of PRRs is strong in cord blood and peripheral blood of young children. This study investigates the function of CNA sensors in subsets of neonatal innate immune cells and shows that myeloid cells from cord blood can be activated to express T cell costimulatory markers, and also to produce Th1 promoting cytokines. CD80 and CD86 were consistently up‐regulated in response to cytosolic Poly(I:C) stimulation in all cell types examined and CNA activation also induced robust Type I IFN and low levels of TNFα in monocytes, monocyte‐derived macrophages, and monocyte‐derived dendritic cells. We have compared CNA activation to adjuvants currently in use (MPLA or ALUM), either alone or in combination and found that cytosolic Poly(I:C) in combination with MPLA or ALUM can improve expression of activation marker levels above those observed with either adjuvant alone. This may prove particularly promising in the context of improving the efficacy of existing ALUM‐ or MPLA‐containing vaccines, through activation of T cell‐mediated immunity. Cytosolic dsRNA activity in neonatal myeloid cells as a pediatric adjuvant.

Abstract Defined in terms or a national security discourse, Britain's asylum policy facilitates a disturbing dissociation of the asylum seeker from the identity of the refugee. The roots of this [...]

In palliative care, as in many areas of medicine, there is a considerable amount of research conducted that makes sound recommendations but does not result consistently in improved care. For instance, though palliative care has been shown to benefit all people with a life-threatening illness, its main reach continues to be for those with cancer. Drawing on relational models of research use, we set out to engage policy-makers, educators, clinicians, commissioners and service providers in a knowledge exchange process to identify implications of research for Scottish palliative care priorities. First, we mapped the existing palliative care research evidence in Scotland. We then organised evidence review meetings and a wider stakeholder event where research producers and users came together to coproduce implications of the evidence for policy, education and practice. We used questionnaires and key stakeholder feedback meetings to explore impacts of this process on research uptake and use immediately after the events and over time. In this paper, we reflect on this knowledge exchange process and the broader context in which it was set. We found that participation fostered relationships and led to a rich and enthusiastic exploration of research evidence from multiple perspectives. Potential impacts relating to earlier identification for palliative care, education and need-based commissioning ensued. We make suggestions to guide replication.

The Frame Store was the first facility in Europe to spend 2 million pounds sterling on Quantel's digital optics for films system, Domino, in January 1994. February 1994 saw the delivery of the first Editbox to CAL, and the IVCA awards were held at Grosvenor House. M2 announced its intention to invest 750,000 pounds on the first non-linear post-production facility in March 1994. A review of the year 1994 for the facilities industry is given.

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare the incidence of airway haemorrhage between participants who received manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and those who had received mechanical CPR using the LUCAS device.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted by means of a medical chart review. All non-traumatic cardiac arrest patients that presented to the ED, from May 2014 to February 2018, were recruited. The groups were stratified according to those who had the majority of CPR performed using the LUCAS and those who had the majority of CPR performed manually. The primary outcome was the proportion of participants with airway haemorrhage, defined as blood observed in the endotracheal tube, pharynx, trachea or mouth, and documented in the doctor or nursing notes. Logistic regression analysis was performed to adjust for confounders.Results12 of 54 (22%) participants in the majority LUCAS CPR group had airway haemorrhage, compared with 20 of 215 (9%) participants in the majority manual CPR group, a difference of 13% (95% CI 3% to 26%, p=0.02). The unadjusted odds for developing airway haemorrhage in the majority LUCAS CPR group was 2.8 (95% CI 1.3 to 6.1). After adjusting for confounders, the odds for developing airway haemorrhage in the majority LUCAS CPR group was 2.5 (95% CI 1.1 to 5.7).ConclusionsThe LUCAS mechanical CPR device is associated with a higher incidence of airway haemorrhage compared with manual CPR. Limitations in the study design mean this conclusion is not robust.

RationaleMutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene form the basis of cystic fibrosis (CF). There remains an important knowledge gap in CF as to how diminished CFTR activity leads to the dominant inflammatory response within CF airways.ObjectivesTo investigate if extracellular vesicles (EVs) contribute to inflammatory signalling in CF.MethodsEVs released from CFBE41o-, CuFi-5, 16HBE14o- and NuLi-1 cells were characterised by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). EVs isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from 30 people with CF (PWCF) were analysed by NTA and mass spectrometry and compared with controls. Neutrophils were isolated from the blood of 8 PWCF to examine neutrophil migration in the presence of CFBE41o- EVs.ResultsA significantly higher level of EVs were released from CFBE41o- (p<0.0001) and CuFi-5 (p=0.0209) relative to control cell lines. A significantly higher level of EVs were detected in BALF of PWCF, in three different age groups relative to controls (p=0.01, 0.001, 0.002). A significantly lower level of EVs were released from CFBE41o- (p<0.001) and CuFi-5 (p=0.0002) cell lines treated with CFTR modulators. Significant changes in the protein expression of 126 unique proteins was determined in EVs obtained from the BALF of PWCF of different age groups (p<0.001–0.05). A significant increase in chemotaxis of neutrophils derived from PWCF was observed in the presence of CFBE41o EVs (p=0.0024) compared with controls.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that EVs are produced in CF airway cells, have differential protein expression at different ages and drive neutrophil recruitment in CF.

ITN's graphics design team has produced some widely-acclaimed news graphics, with the team believing it has surpassed the work of the BBC. The team is becoming internationally recognised, with RTL, German broadcaster, having chosen them to assist with graphics design for Germany's elections. Parallax, United Kingdom software producer, is jointly designing a high-end graphics package with the ITN team as commercial packages are deemed to slow to meet their requirements. The graphics team consists of only about 10 personnel.

Background/aimsAge-related macular degeneration (AMD) is estimated to affect 196 million people >50 years old globally. Prevalence of AMD-associated genetic risk factors and rate of disease progression are unknown in Ireland.MethodsPrevalence of AMD-associated genetic risk variants, complement factor H (CFH) rs1061170, age-related maculopathy susceptibility 2 (ARMS2) rs10490924, component 3 (C3) rs2230199, complement factor B (CFB) rs641153 and superkiller viralicidic activity 2-like (SKIV2L) rs429608 and 4-year progression data in a population-representative cohort (The Irish Longitudinal study on Ageing (TILDA)) were assessed. 4473 participants ≥50 years were assessed. 4173 had no disease n=1843; 44% male and n=2330; 56% female, mean age 60±9.0, 300 had AMD n=136; 45% male and n=164; 55% female, mean age 64±9.0. A 4-year follow-up was undertaken with 66% of AMD cases attending. Progression and regression from early to late AMD were measured. Genetic association as indicators of disease and as predictors of progression were assessed by multinomial logistic regression.ResultsOlder age and the presence of CFH and ARMS2 risk alleles are two main risk factors associated with the prevalence of AMD in the TILDA cohort. 23% progressed to a higher grade of AMD. Carriers of CFH risk allele showed a strong association for disease progression. Heterozygosity for ARMS2 risk allele predicted progression to late AMD. 75% of those who progressed from early to late disease had soft drusen and hyperpigmentation at baseline.ConclusionsThe prevalence of risk-associated genes and 4-year progression rates of AMD in this Ireland cohort are comparable with other Caucasian populations. CFH Y402H is associated with disease progression, with soft drusen and hyperpigmentation as high-risk features.

Why go now: Paso Robles' wineries have been drawing crowds for years, but people are starting to notice this tiny nearby farm town. The sweet spot: Catch May's lingering-green hills [...]

A key public health intervention is self-isolation for cases and restriction of movement for contacts. This study aimed to identify predictors of compliance behaviour and describe knowledge and attitudes among cases and contacts identified by the national Contact Management Programme to inform the global public health response.

The poem "Milker" by Sarah Doyle is presented. First Line: I am; Last Line: I am.

The natural modes of vibration of bedrock landforms, as well as the sources and effects of stimulated resonance remain poorly understood. Here we show that seismic energy created by an induced earthquake and an artificial reservoir has spectral content coincident with the natural modes of vibration of a prominent rock bridge. We measured the resonant frequencies of Rainbow Bridge, Utah using data from two broadband seismometers placed on the span, and identified eight distinct vibrational modes between 1 and 6 Hz. A distant, induced earthquake produced local ground motion rich in 1 Hz energy, stimulating a 20 dB increase in measured power at the bridge's fundamental mode. Moreover, we establish that wave action on Lake Powell, an artificial reservoir, generates microseismic energy with peak power ~1 Hz, also exciting resonance of Rainbow Bridge. These anthropogenic sources represent relatively new energy input for the bridge with unknown consequences for structural fatigue. We identify and describe eight resonant modes of Rainbow Bridge, Utah, between 1 and 6 HzLake Powell, like other lakes in Utah, generates seismic energy around 1 Hz from wave actionThe lake microseism and a distant induced earthquake stimulated low‐level resonance of the bridge

Ampex, the inventor of the revolutionary VR-1000 video recorder in 1956, has virtually withdrawn from the video recording market. The number of Ampex employees worldwide has fallen to 1,500 in 1994 from 15,000 in the early 1970s. The company's decline is partly attributed to the economic recession which caused financial difficulties for new owner The Sherbourne Corporation in 1987. Some former employees blame Ampex's refusal to listen to the market, particularly in the case of its digital component tape format DCT which is considered technically excellent but unsuitable for mass-market requirements.

Although the television facilities sector features a number of long-term players, the need to constantly upgrade technology and emphasis on operator quality has led to a flurry of start-up activity. Many facilities are backed by venture-capital companies, for example SVC is party owned by Complete Video and venture capital group Grosvenor. Other facilities are part of a larger corporate group such as Virgin Communications.

Channel 4 has moved to a new building on Horseferry Road, Victoria, from its offices on Charlotte Street. Deputy chief engineer, Martin Connelly, has been responsible for technicalities of the move to the UK's first fully serial digital broadcast station. Channel 4 is expected to go on stream from the new site from June 27, with programmes routed via Charlotte Street until the end of July. Connelly's plans for the future include the development of widescreen.

Before the 1994 NAB convention, it was widely thought that the event would be dominated by computer concerns such as IBM and Hewlett Packard. However, this turned out not to be the case, and most interest was created by Germany concern BTS with its Media Pool tapeless, expandable, multi-channel digital video recording system, for use in both the broadcast and post-production sectors. Other exhibits included ImMIX's updated version of the VideoCube, an improved version of Cineon from Kodak and the Post Box hardwar vision and audio mixer from Panasonic.

In March 1994 the National Association of Broadcasters will hold in Las Vegas the annual broadcast hardware convention, which some believe is the largest broadcast hardware market. The major issue for discussion is expected to be the future of open systems against dedicated systems. Quantel and Abekas could lose their market shares to general purpose manufacturers such as Silicon Graphics. Computers could represent about 60% of the convention's post-production kit, versus 10% in 1992 and 25%-30% in 1993, replacing the conventional dedicated black box.

The debate over digital compression has resurfaced following the leaking of a draft summary of results of tests by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) on rival digital component tape technologies. Panasonic's D5, Sony's Digital Betacam and Ampex's DCT were all tested, with questions raised about bit-rate reduction formats as used by Digital Betacam and DCT. Channel 4 is using the D5 format for its new 100 million pounds sterling facilities in Horseferry Road, Victoria, England. Channel 4 has suffered allegedly minor problems with D5, however. The EBU insists its tests were for internal use only.

The corporate video production market is reviving following a 50% decline in business during 1990-92. The visual communications market was reportedly worth 239 million pounds sterling during February 1992-February 1993, although some feel turnover may have actually reached between 800 million and 1.2 billion pounds sterling. The market experienced rapid growth in the 1980s with clients keen to promote themselves during the economic boom, but not all video production companies survived the recession. The corporate video sector is not considered prestigious by producers in the broadcasting industry.

TFI a commercial TV station in France launched Helene et les Carcons a soap opera aimed at teenagers. The series, produced by AB Productions, is one of a number of home-grown soap operas and attracts between 4 million and 7 million viewers aged between seven and 14 years of age. A survey of 1,500 viewers aged between 11 years and 19 years carried out by the LLoyds Bank Film Challenge and Channel 4 revealed that this age group want to watch programmes about teenagers, but to provide programmes for this group in the UK could prove to be costly and risky.

In this study, we examine how accurately assessing how much one is trusted by others (i.e., meta-accuracy) affects trust development. We disentangle meta-accuracy, overestimation, and underestimation and investigate to what extent accurate, overly positive, or overly negative perceptions of trust contribute to trust development. Using longitudinal data of teams and two distinct analytical approaches to model accuracy, we find that meta-accuracy contributes to increases in downstream trust. We discuss the findings implications for trust development and detail some important avenues for future work.

Managing director of Complete Video, Andrew Christie has led a management buyout from Complete Communications, the parent company, after lengthy negotiations. Partners in the Big Finish Ltd venture are Godfrey Pye and Hector Macleod, and the aim is to develop approaches to modern commercials in post-production facilities.

Avid Technology is to open the first tape free newsroom in the world which it predicts will eliminate the need for traditional tape based broadcasting operations. Avid's disk based server production system will be installed at North West Cable News based in Seattle and KHNL based in Honolulu. The company's dockable disk-based video camera which can store footage on a hard drive is to be marketed and sold by Ikegami.

Avesco, a broadcast services company, is believed to have made an offer for Capital Radio Group's Capital Group Studios, a studio facility. A sale would help Capital Radio Group to make savings as the studio only just breaks even, and would allow it to concentrate on its radio operations. Avesco, is the owner of Fountain Television New Malden, a studio.

Editor of The Mill facility, Jon Hollis, was responsible for the development of one of the first disk-based digital edit systems, which cost The Mill 200,000 pounds sterling. Hollis has recently been attracted by Flame, which enables the user to write his own software. Hollis also believes that Flame will be an essential product for all facilities over the next year. Background to Hollis' career is given.

Chief executive of Bell Cablemedia, Alan Bates, also holds the position of Cable Communications Association chairman. Bell Cable media was created in July 1994 as a result of the merger of US company Jones Intercable, and Bell Canada. Some 500,000 UK homes have already signed up for cable TV, with forecasts that the 1 million mark will be met by early 1995. In 1994 alone some 1.2 billion pounds sterling has been invested in the UK cable industry.

Panasonic's plans to introduce DVC, a digital video tape format for both consumer and professional markets, have fallen behind the original schedule for launch in the first quarter of 1995. THe company's deputy managing director Gordon Rafferty puts a launch date at 1996, but it is thought 1997 is more realistic. The DVC format, on 6 millimetre tape, comes from collaboration between Panasonic's parent, Matsushita, with Philips, Sharp, Sanyo, Thomson, Sony, JVC and Hitachi.

Lightworks Editing Systems has trebled turnover to about 10 million pounds sterling in 1994 from 1991. The company's Lightworks editing machines have been used for over 120 feature films worldwide, with about 750 machines installed globally. The company was initially formed as the OLE Partnership by Paul Bamborough, Nick Pollock and Neil Harris, with the company's ultimate goal being to develop the supreme editing machine. Bamborough also founded audio console producer Solid State Logic and has written short films and scripts for television.

The Chumash lived in an area that is near what is now Santa Barbara, California. The Chumash needed boats to fish and trade. Out of all of the materials they […]

Digital Equipment of the US will sell hte news division of Basys, a maker of newsroom computer equipment, to Avid Technology. Digital is seeking to dispose of non-core interests, while Avid wants to supply the 'newsroom of the future', combining text, sound and video. Avid will use the expertise from Basys' Maestroworks integrated multimedia news project, which will be scrapped.

Channel 4 and Granada have been awarded 775,000 Ecus and 337,000 Ecus respectively by the European Union (EU) in order to develop widescreen TV in the UK. The funds are sourced from the Union's Action Plan for the development of advanced TV services, which is part of a 180 million pound sterling fund to be distributed among 22 broadcasters. Granada and Channel 4 are to invest funds to match that awarded from the EU.

Scavengers is a science fiction game show, produced by John Paul Chapple of Julian Grant Television, action adventure game show producer, with 3 million dollars backing from 20th Century Fox, to be broadcast on UK Independent Television commencing July 23 1994. Other partners, who will back the show with a total of 7 million dollars, include Antena 3 (Spain), Tele-Munchen (Germany) and Nordisk Film (Scandinavia). The show is set in 3042 following an intergalactic war. Intergalactic Federation Retrieval Agency members scavenge for valuable items in order to survive.

Brian Wiseman's post-production company Wiseman has undergone major reorganisation, including the rescheduling of debt and the raising of 2.56 million pounds sterling via a 26 million share issue. Wiseman has also invested in new equipment and employed editor Martin Hicks and telecine colourist Jim Hogan. Plans for the future include further investment in smaller post-production houses.

Channel 4 chose Panasonic's D5 digital component tape in early 1992, over Sony's Digital Betacam, and Ampex's DCT. The decision to use a non-compression format was taken as the channel already uses a 40:1 compression ratio in its distribution network, and it wanted to avoid over-compressing the signal. Channel 4 will continue to accept deliveries on D3 until 1995/96.

A new company specialising in all areas of format conversion will be formed if AVS Broadcast goes ahead with plans to sell its standard converter division and link up with hardware concerns Innovision and Tekniche. It is believed that some AVS Broadcast employees would move to the new company, while AVS would retain a range of post-production equipment. It is likely that the new company would be funded by 3i, with AVS taking shares.

Electric Image, an animation house, is establishing Electric Switch, a company specialising in the compression of video images onto compact disc. A total of 200,00 pounds sterling has been invested in the joint venture between Electric Image and Portman International Securities. The facility will provide fractal compression for software playback, resolutiion video for Video CD and compression for operators of cable and satellite.

Hugh Pile, newly-appointed Managing Director of TVi, the post-production unit owned by Carlton Communications, is not well-known in the Soho facilities industry, despite his good reputation in programming. Pile made programmes for London Weekend Television for 15 years and later managed the Sunrise consortium's winning bid for the breakfast television franchise. Pile believes that his experience in using facilities worldwide is a good foundation for managing a facility. He has many programme makers among his contacts which should yield valuable business for TVi.

Suppliers of television broadcast equipment are finding it increasingly difficult to win contracts, with the United Kingdom market having been virtually stagnant in the past few years. Some firms have had to win contracts by bidding at the lowest possible levels, sometimes working with gross margins of under 10%. The problem is worsened by the number of engineering redundancies made by broadcasters due to the recession, and changes in technology which have made installations easier and less reliant on the specialists' technical expertise.

A consortium which includes JVC, Philips, Sony, Matsushita, Thomson, Hitachi, Sharp and Sanyo are collaborating to develop an open systems digital tape format. This has led to Panasonice introducing the Digital Video Cassette (DVC) a 1/4-in digital format aimed at the professional and consumer markets for which members of the consortium are expected to launch products to support the format. The cassettes will offer four-hours recording time and cost around 10 pounds sterling and it is hoped that because of the collaboration it will become as successful as the VHS format.

Quantel is claiming that its Domino digital optics for films system consistently outperforms Kodak's Cineon digital film system. The Frame Store, Soho, England, has become the first European purchaser of Domino with a 2 million pounds sterling investment in the system. Silicon Graphics, whose workstation is incorporated in the Cineon system, claims that time is in its favour, despite the setbacks suffered by Kodak's UK business. Cineon is considered the best system by Scot Ross, chief executive of Digital Domain, leading US effects concern.

Andrew Lee became a millionaire at 34 when he floated his group of companies including IBS News a radio station, a pharmaceutical company and several video companies. He founded Television Services International in 1987 but was ousted from the company by other directors in 1988. He later formed Cotswold Heritage specialising in buying derelict barns and converting them into homes. He then represented a private trust company, The Barnes Trust which has taken controlling stakes in Dean Street Post and acquired CAL from the receiver.

Abekas Video Systems, a subsidiary of Carlton Communications, will end UK manufacturing from early 1994 and transfer all manufacturing to the Redwood City, California headquarters. Its investment in application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) technology has meant it requires a much smaller manufacturing operation and it will mean the loss of about 50 jobs. The research and development team will not be affected by the redundancies and will take on some manufacturing staff.

Snell & Wilcox, a UK manufacturer, is launching the DEFCON 24, a 200,000 pounds sterling film transfer product at the Society of Moving Picture and Television Engineers conference. The DEFCON 24 saves time and cuts the risk of film damage by digitally remastering film from a single telecine pass. It is aimed at film studios who need to re-master their libraries, and Sony High Definition Facilities in Hollywood has already bought one of the machines.

Complete Video is to install Rank-Cintel's Ursa Gold telecine at its facility based in Covent Garden as part of its expansion. The company may also convert a further analogue edit suite to digital component, and has already augmented its Harry operation with the addition of a Harriet graphics system from Quantel. The dedicated system was believed to be more flexible than a computer based system for post-production. It will also move into open architecture systems in 1994.

The statutes governing the EC economic interest group Vision 1250 have been changed to allow subsidies for those considering broadcasting in HDTV and widescreen. There will be a flat rate payout subsidy for broadcasters who wish to transmit in 16:0 format, and programme makers can also apply for an amount per hour if using Super 16 or 625 video formats. Vision 1250 aims to encourage broadcasters to set up new channels and has now dropped its previously prohibitive membership rates.

The Greenwood Theatre has raised 410,000 pounds sterling from the sale of its equipment at auction, and the money will go to Alba plc, a television and radio manufacturer leasing the studio. The studio is to be closed because of lack of business, and equipment sold included Sony cameras, vision mixers, and audio mixing desk. Buyers included Capital Group Studios, Finepoint Broadcast, Fountain Television and an unknown Spainish buyer. Some of the equipment, worth over 100,000 pounds sterling, was stolen prior to the auction.