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This article investigates the hierarchical synthesis of fuzzy fault-tolerant controllers for networked perturbed mechanical systems to solve the problem of finite-time multitarget surrounding, namely, encircling multiple moving targets in a finite time. Given the system with actuator failures, faults, and perturbations (namely, parametric uncertainties and external disturbances), we propose a hierarchical framework for synthesizing a cascade-form controller to stabilize the system state in a finite time, as well as decouple and solve the abovementioned problem. Specifically, the methods of fuzzy logic systems and finite-time adaptive laws are included within the synthesized controller to approximate the unknown perturbations, and meanwhile to compensate the negative effects of the actuator failures and faults. By employing the theories of perturbations and fault-tolerant analysis, we derive the sufficient conditions on control gains for finite-time convergence of the closed-loop system. Finally, we carry out several simulation experiments on a network of six 2-DOF robots and four moving targets to verify the performance of the synthesis method and the obtained controller.

A direct production method of high-strength titanium alloy from upgraded titania slag (UGS) was developed. First, UGS was reduced into alloy powder with 1.3 wt.% oxygen using magnesium powder. Subsequently, the alloy powder was compacted at 600 MPa to produce a pellet. Lastly, the pellet was sintered to produce titanium alloy. The reduced powder was characterized, and the effect arising from the sintering temperature on the sintered density, compressive strength, microstructure, and hardness of the alloys was studied. The results showed that the density tended to increase with the temperature increasing from 900 to 1200 °C, whereas the porosity decreased. A significant sintering densification was achieved at the temperature above 1100 °C (98.65% at 1100 °C and 99.41% at 1200 °C). At 1100 °C, the hardness and compressive strength reached the maximal values of the alloy, HV 655.7 and 1563 MPa, respectively.

A high-purity Ti–48Al–2Nb–2Cr alloy powder with an oxygen content as low as 0.0572 wt.% and a particle size of <150 μm was produced from a mixture of TiO2, Al2O3, Nb2O5, and Cr2O3powders through reduction with magnesium and deoxidation with calcium. The phase and composition of the products were analyzed. The final product mainly included γ-TiAl and minor α2-Ti3Al phases, and Ti, Al, Cr, and Nb were homogenously distributed in the powder with a mole ratio of 49.73:43.51:2.05:1.98. The reduction and deoxidation mechanisms were investigated by thermodynamic modeling using the HSC Chemistry software and Pandat software based on the Ti alloy database.

Background. Linxian is the highest endemic area of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in China and one of the highest incidence areas in the world. The relationship of p53 protein accumulation to geographic variation, pathologic findings, and prognosis has not been investigated extensively. Methods. Formalin fixed, paraffin embedded ESCC tissues from 100 patients who underwent esophagectomy between 1973 and and 1983 were immunostained by using monoclonal antibody pAB1801. Results. p53 overexpression was observed in 41 (87.2%) of 47 tumors of patients in Linxian and in 16 (64%) of 25 additional patients outside Linxian. Its prevalence in the noncancerous epithelium (11/72, 15.3%) and carcinoma in situ (1/7, l4.3%) was lower than that in invasive lesions (64/93, 68.8%). Its immunostaining intensity increased with the depth of cancer invasion. Of 30 primary carcinomas with lymph node metastasis, 29 (96.7%) were positive. However, only 36 (51.4%) of 70 primary lesions without metastasis were positive, and a higher intensity was noticed in the metastases. There was a lower expression rate in tumors of patients surviving more than 10 years (25/52, 48.1%) than in those surviving less than 3 years (40/48, 83.3%). Overall and nonadvanced or metastasis-free cumulative survival rates were both significantly different in patients with and without p53 protein overexpression. Conclusions. There is a higher expression rate of p53 protein in ESCC in tumors of patients from Linxian than in those from the surrounding area. The accumulation of p53 protein is related to the invasiveness and capability for metastases of cancer cells and appears to be a useful prognostic factor for patients with ESCC.

Background: Upper gastrointestinal surgeries encompass procedures on the esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, and gallbladder. To access the surgical area, it is standard to dissect the hepatogastric ligament, transecting the hepatic branch of the vagus nerve contained within it. Yet, the hepatic branch, which innervates the liver and gallbladder, contributes to digestion, bile secretion, and glucose metabolism. Hence, recent surgical studies have explored the potential benefits of hepatic branch preservation in comparison to non-preservation. This systematic review and meta-analysis endeavors to compile and analyze the outcomes of these studies.Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Cochrane, were searched for cohort studies and randomized control trials comparing hepatic nerve preservation and division during upper gastrointestinal surgery in adults, up to April 2023. Two independent reviewers evaluated abstracts and full-text reviews, extracted pertinent information, and conducted risk-of-bias assessments using the RoB 2 and Newcastle-Ottawa instruments.Results: Thirteen studies involving 3001 participants were included for meta-analysis. Hepatic branch preservation was linked to a decrease in appetite loss (OR 0.04, 95% CI 0.01-0.18), reflux symptoms (OR 0.16, 95% CI 0.06-0.43) and gallstone formation (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.09-0.69). However, preservation was associated with an increased incidence of Clavien-Dindo Grade 2 complications (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.01-2.96) in gastrectomies.Conclusion: Hepatic branch preservation is associated with favorable post-surgical metabolic outcomes, notably appetite preservation. This may be due to the hepatic branch’s role in facilitating brain-liver crosstalk, thus, influencing homeostatic processes like appetite control and glucose metabolism. Reduced gallstone incidence is likely due to preservation of gallbladder motility and function, achieved through retention of parasympathetic innervation.

Highly crystalline γ-zirconium phosphate has been synthesized by a novel minimalistic approach and investigated as a selective ion exchanger for cesium, ammonium and potassium. In contrast to current solution-based preparations, the mechanochemistry-based synthesis provides easy access to γ-zirconium phosphate with short synthesis times and low crystallization temperature. The addition of NaF as a mineralizer increases the crystallinity of γ-zirconium phosphate, which forms micrometer-sized uniformly shaped rectangular platelets. The crystalline material has extremely high selectivity to cesium even in the presence of 1000- or 500-fold excess Na+or Ca2+, respectively. The removal efficiency was >98% in the pH range of 2–5.5. As an ion exchanger for purification of dialysate, crystalline γ-zirconium phosphate shows higher uptake of ammonium and potassium ions than the amorphous gel compound currently used in sorbent cartridges. This sustainable protocol opens up opportunities for many practical applications of γ-zirconium phosphate.

针对传统人工感官评价缺陷,建立客观、量化、 有效和无损的芽形绿茶外形品质表征方法。 采用图像特征(色泽和纹理)和AdaBoost 改进 的ELM(极限学习机)混合算法(Ada-ELM), 明确了茶叶外形表象与人的感官感受间的非线 性量化解析关系。 基于机器视觉和图像处理技术,提取不同品质茶 样的纹理和色泽等图像特征(表1),并与专家 感官评分进行关联分析,筛选出10 个极显著相 关的特征变量(图1)。进而采用偏最小二乘法 (PLS)和Ada-ELM,分别建立了针芽形绿茶外 形感官品质的线性和非线性预测模型(表2), 并进行模型性能比较。 非线性模型能更好地表征图像信息与感官评分间 的关联,且AdaBoost 集成算法能进一步提升 ELM 模型的预测精度和泛化性。综合而言,采 用计算机图像特征量化评价芽形绿茶的外形品 质是可行的,为拓展茶叶感官评审方法和规模 化、自动化加工中品质的专家决策技术,提供了 一种新的技术途径和思路。

Design a special needle for a set of legs, waist, arms and back exercise and massage in one multi-functional fitness rehabilitation in view of the existing fitness equipment with single function, single object problems, to Mainly by foot, twisting part, transmission part of seat back massage department, and arm exercises section guide rail bracket and a base; the base is located in the bottom, in contact with the ground; the foot part of the drive through the bevel gear and the twisting seat part of a pair of meshing connection, and through the chain wheel bracket fixed with the base seat; twisting part and the guide rail bracket are fixed on a base; a back massage part arranged in the back part of the seat position twist, is fixedly connected with the guide rail bracket; arm exercise part is arranged right above the waist of the seat, and the guide rail and the guide rail bracket with the fuselage rear; with can move up and down and arm exercise device rotating machine has the entire fitness; a variety of functions, covering small area, can exercise and massage on people's legs, waist, back and arms, to meet the various needs of people.

In this work, we introduce different types of quantum simulations according to different operator topologies on a Hilbert space, namely, uniform, strong, and weak quantum simulations. We show that they have the same computational power that the efficiently solvable problems are in bounded-error quantum polynomial time. For the weak simulation, we formalize a general weak quantum simulation problem and construct an algorithm which is valid for all instances. Also, we analyze the computational power of quantum simulations by proving the query lower bound for simulating a general quantum process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Design a kind of reducer, the first stage transmission is a cylindrical cam, the secondary stage transmission is a gear transmission. Multistage transmission of the reducer has carried on the design calculation and checking. On the basis of the lateral cylindrical cam lateral transmission mathematical model, conducted the spiral curve analysis and calculation with numerical analysis software MATLAB. Import the spiral curve data into SOLIDWORKS to complete the 3D modeling of cylindrical cam. According to the structural design of cylindrical cam, complete reducer machine design and virtual assembly of gearless reducer. The stress analysis was carried out on the cam disk with the ANSYS Mechanical Analysis Module of SOLIDWORKS, designed to meet the working conditions. Conducted physical development based on CAD and CAE. The result showed that the design was fast and effective, significantly shorten the production cycle.

In order to find an effective method of detecting thrips defect on green-peel citrus, a defect segmentation method was developed using a single threshold value based on combination of characteristic wavelengths principal component analysis (PCA) and B-spline lighting correction method in this study. At first, four characteristic wavelengths (523, 587, 700 and 768 nm) were obtained using PCA of Vis-NIR (visible and near-infrared) bands and analysis of weighting coefficients; secondarily, PCA was performed using characteristic wavelengths and the second principal component (PC2) was selected to classify images; then, B-spline lighting correction method was proposed to overcome the influence of lighting non-uniform on citrus when thrips defect was segmented; finally, thrips defect on citrus was extracted by global threshold segmentation and morphological image processing. The experimental results show that thrips defect in citrus can be detected with an accuracy of 96.5% by characteristic wavelengths PCA and B-spline lighting correction method. This study shows that thrips defect on green-peel citrus can be effectively identified using hyperspectral imaging technology.

Traditional grain designs, which identify the best combination of geometrical parameters to improve the grain performance and meet the flight-mission requirements, are often performed manually. In this article, an integrated framework is presented to perform the design optimization of solid rocket motor propellant grains. In the proposed framework, the level set method is adapted to solid propellant burnback analysis and this technique does not have any restriction on the grain configuration and is capable of handling grains of multi-stage and various burning forms. Along with the level set method, a dedicated algorithm is developed using application programming interfaces of commercial computer-aided design software to transform the initial grain shape into a special data file that can be fed to the level set codes to activate the burnback analysis. Moreover, a hybrid optimization method incorporating genetic algorithm and sequential quadratic programming is exploited to improve the grain design efficiency. Finally, two case studies have been performed to verify the feasibility and general-purpose characteristics of the proposed grain design optimization environment. The results obtained show that the proposed design framework facilitates the grain optimization process and various grain design requirements can be met. The design cycle has been remarkably reduced because of the introduction of hybrid optimization method.

Propose cylindrical cam lateral transmission mechanism for the first time, define the agency's three specific types. Design gearless reducer type A, B and C for construction elevator by the application of the agency to reducer industry. Conduct physical prototype processing manufacture based on cylindrical cam lateral transmission theory and virtual prototype design of gearless reducer. By contrast processing and experimental tests to determine that the theory of cylindrical cam lateral transmission mechanism is feasible. Gearless reducer have the advantage of high efficiency and energy saving, low cost, small volume, light weight, saving raw materials resources.

This paper investigated the surface generated by single factor experiment under multi-axis finish milling condition, and the effects of cutting parameters on surface textures, 2D and 3D surface topographies and surface roughness characteristics were analyzed. Surface features evaluation indicators of Ra, Rq, Rt, surface heights histogram, maximum valley depth and maximum peak height corresponding to various cutting parameters were presented and discussed. The machining marks are closely related with tool orientation angles. The orderly distributions of concave and convex patterns on the machined surface are produced by the special cutting orientation of the cutting edges. The feed per tooth, spindle speed, tilt angle, and lead angle apparently affect surface roughness, while depth of cut and radial width of cut have no obvious effects on the surface roughness when the two parameters values vary in a small range.

The effect of rare earth element on structure and mechanical properties of the 430 ferrite stainless steel was studied by metallographic examination, scanning electron microscope (SEM), tensile test and impact test. The results show that the proper amount of RE can refine microstructure of 430 ferrite stainless steel. The fracture mode of 430 ferrite stainless steel is typical dimple fracture. 430 ferrite stainless steel containing 0.056% RE can improve its impact toughness and the high temperature strength, and the transverse impact toughness increases 37.2% at 253K respectively comparing with that of 430 ferrite stainless steel without RE. And at 1273K, the high temperature strength increases by 38.3% than that of 430 ferrite stainless steel without RE.

AbstractThe Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) is a new-generation ultraspectral atmospheric sounding instrument mounted on the MetOp-A, the first operational polar-orbiting satellite developed by the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT). It is an ultrahigh spectral-resolution atmospheric detector which can detect atmospheric chemical composition, temperature, and humidity profiles with high accuracy and resolution. In the present study, through comparative analyses of the similarities and differences between the IASI and the radiosonde observation (RAOB) water vapor data, and between the IASI and the Aqua-AIRS water vapor retrievals, a detailed and systematic assessment of the credibility of the IASI water vapor retrievals over the plateau region was made. A comparison of the IASI retrievals with the AIRS retrievals and the RAOB measurements over the Tibetan Plateau revealed that the IASI retrieval data are reliable and can be used for conducting further studies.

This paper analyzes influence factors of logistics center location and chooses natural environment, infrastructure condition and other factors to analyze site selection of logistics center in Li County with the help of GIS technology. The result shows that the planning logistics center meets the design requirements of construction.

A novel design methodology for multipliers to reducing both active leakage and dynamic power using dynamic power gating is presented, where sleep transistors are inserted between the real and virtual ground rails of various parts of the multiplier which could be selectively turned on/off. On-chip sleep signals are generated from one input signal of the multiplier which has larger dynamic range. By detecting the magnitude of the input signal, the idle parts of the multiplier are identified and the power gating schemes are dynamically applied even when the multiplier is performing useful computation. Simulations show that the total power dissipation of the proposed multiplier could be reduced up to 39.3% in a typical DSP application.

n this paper, the effects of the variational combinations of cutter inclination angle in feed direction and the feed per tooth on the machined surface hardness were mainly concerned. The cutting forces transformed from the measured cutting forces in OXYZ and the SEM microstructures of the surface layer were analyzed to explore the generation condition of the hardness. Variations of the surface hardness are not apparent with the increment of feed per tooth with the identical other cutting parameters. Inclination angles in feed direction of approximately ranging from 10° to 15° and from 25° to 30°, which correspond to high surface hardness, are suggested to be applied in cutting process when high abrasive resistance is expected. While values of inclination angle approximately equal to 0° and 45° are prior to be chosen when high shock resistance performance is firstly expected. Optimization of the cutting parameters, which could offer guidance to the machining of sculptured surface concerning cutter inclination angle, was presented.

AbstractAs a powerful tool to diagnose vertical motion, frontogenesis, and secondary circulation, the Qvector and its divergence are widely used. However, little attention has been given to the curl of Qvector. In this paper, a new set of analyses combining the divergence of the Qvector (DQ) with the vertical component of the curl of the Qvector (VQ) is applied to a Northeastern cold vortex rain-fall case. From the derivation, it was found that the expressions of the Qvectors and their divergences in satu-rated moist flow (DQm) differ from those of dry and un-saturated moist atmosphere (DQ), while the VQs of various background flows are exactly the same, which largely simplified the analyses. This case study showed that, compared with the DQ, not only can the DQm diagnose precipitation more effectively, but the VQ may also be indicative of precipitation (especially for heavy rainfall and strong convection) because of its direct, close relationship with ageostrophic motion. Thus, the VQ may be computed and analyzed with ease, and may serve as a useful tool for analyses of precipitation and strong convective systems.

(4E)-5-(3-Chlorophenyl)-N-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-diazo-3-oxopent-4-enoic acid amide (5) was synthesized from p-chloroaniline to N-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-diazo-3-oxo-butyramide (4) with 3-chlorobenzaldehyde. The yielded product 5 was investigated with X-ray crystallographic, NMR, MS, and IR techniques. Compound 5 (C17H11Cl2N3O2, Formula wt = 360.19), crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with unit cell parameters a = 10.516(2), b = 17.996(4), c = 8.902(2) Å, α = 90.00, β = 105.36(3), γ = 90.00∘. V = 1624.5(6) Å3, Z = 4, Dx = 1.473 Mg m−3. The final R was 0.0511.

Changes in sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA2a) gene expression in the rat heart during different phases of sepsis were studied. Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Septic rats were divided into two groups: the early hyperdynamic (9 h after CLP, early sepsis) and the late hypodynamic (18 h after CLP; late sepsis) groups. Western blot analyses reveal that SERCA2a protein level remained unaltered during early sepsis but was decreased by 59% during late sepsis. Northern blot analyses show that the steady-state level of SERCA2a mRNA stayed unchanged during the early phase but was decreased by 43% during the late phase of sepsis. Nuclear runoff assays show that the transcription rate of SERCA2a gene transcript remained unaffected during early sepsis but was decreased by 34% during late sepsis. The actinomycin D pulse-chase studies indicate that the half-life of SERCA2a mRNA was unaffected during the early and the late phases of sepsis. These findings demonstrate that during the early phase of sepsis, the protein level, the mRNA abundance, and the transcription rate of SERCA2a remained unaltered, whereas during the late phase of sepsis, the rate of transcription of SERCA2a was decreased, and the decreased transcription rate was associated with decreases in SERCA2a mRNA abundance and SERCA2a protein level in the rat heart. Based on these data, it is concluded that SERCA2a gene expression decreased during the late phase of sepsis in the rat heart and that the decreased expression was regulated at the transcriptional level.

Changes in the protein level of various subunits of GTP-binding protein and the activity of adenylate cyclase in the rat heart during different phases of sepsis were studied. Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Experiments were divided into three groups control, early sepsis, and late sepsis. Early and late sepsis refers to those animals sacrificed at 9 and 18 h, respectively, after CLP. The protein levels of various subunits of GTP-binding protein were determined by Western blot analysis. The activity of adenylate cyclase was measured based on the rate of formation of cAMP from -32PATP. The results show that protein levels of Gs and G remained stable during the early and the late phases of sepsis. The protein levels of Gi-2 and Gi-3 remained relatively unaltered during the early phase of sepsis, but they were increased by 46.5 (P< 0.05) and 61.3 (P< 0.01), respectively, during the late phase of sepsis. The basal adenylate cyclase activity remained unchanged during the early phase while it was decreased by 25.7 (P< 0.05) during the late phase of sepsis. The isoproterenol-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity was unchanged during early sepsis while it was decreased by 44.6 (P< 0.01) during late sepsis. These data demonstrate that during the late hypodynamic phase of sepsis, myocardial Gi-2 and Gi-3 protein levels were increased and the increases were coupled with a reduction in adenylate cyclase activity. Because GTP-binding proteins mediate sympathetic control of cardiac function, the present findings may have a pathophysiological significance in contributing to the understanding of the pathogenesis of cardiac dysfunction during the late stage of sepsis.

The purpose of this study was to investigate alterations of phospholamban phosphorylation and its interaction with Ca2transport (Ca2-ATPase activity and Ca2uptake) in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) during the progression of sepsis. Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Phospholamban phosphorylation was studied by the labeling of the myocardial ATP pool by perfusing isolated rat hearts with 32PH3PO4followed by identification of the phosphorylated phospholamban. Results show that phospholamban phosphorylation was increased by 153 during the early hyperdynamic phase (9 h after CLP), while it was decreased by 51 during the late hypodynamic phase (18 h after CLP) of sepsis. The increase in phospholamban phosphorylation during early sepsis was associated with increases in dP/dtmaxand tissue cAMP content, while Ca2transport, left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), and −dP/dtmaxremained unchanged. The decrease in phospholamban phosphorylation during late sepsis was accompanied by decreases in Ca2transport, LVDP, ±dP/dtmax, and tissue cAMP content. When isoproterenol was present in the perfusion medium, all parameters measured were stimulated in all three experimental groups (control, early sepsis, and late sepsis) except that Ca2-ATPase activity and SR Ca2uptake were unresponsive in the early and the late septic groups. These findings demonstrate that during the late hypodynamic phase of sepsis, the observed decrease in myocardial contractility was due to the decrease in phospholamban phosphorylation, which resulted in decreased Ca2transport across the SR. In contrast, during the early hyperdynamic phase of sepsis, the increase in phospholamban phosphorylation did not correlate with increases in Ca2uptake and Ca2-ATPase activity. Thus, the interaction between phospholamban phosphorylation and Ca2transport across the SR was disrupted during the early phase of sepsis.

Growth and development of 207 children (49% males; mean age 5.4 years [SD 0.2], range 4 to 7.3 years whose mothers received iodine during pregnancy, and children who received iodine first in their 2nd year, were examined in 1996; 192 children (49% males; mean age 6.5 years[SD 0.2], range 5.8 to 6.9 years) whose mothers received iodine while pregnant were seen in 1998. Children were from the southern part of China's Xinjiang Province which has the lowest levels of iodine in water and soil ever recorded. Head circumference but not height was improved for those who received iodine during pregnancy (compared with those receiving iodine at age 2) and for those supplemented before the end of the 2nd trimester (relative to those supplemented during the 3rd trimester). Iodine before the 3rd trimester predicted higher psychomotor test scores for children relative to those provided iodine later in pregnancy or at 2 years. Results from the test for cognitive development resulted in trend only differences between those children supplemented during pregnancy versus later. The results address the question of when maternal iodine supplements should begin in public health programs world wide. Findings may be relevant to the treatment of maternal and newborn thyroid deficiency in industrialized countries, particularly for those infants delivered before the end of the second trimester.

A novel All-Optical type Silicon MicroResonator (AOSMR), with exciting and testing optical fibers is reported in this paper. It consists of a ridge optical waveguide and input and output optical fibers to pick up vibrations. The advantages include simplicity in structure and convenience in operation. Both theoretical analysis and experimental results showed that the new structure has large misalignment tolerance between the fiber and vibrator. The optical length of the fiber does not affect the output signal. In addition, the resonant frequency of the vibrator is independent of the internal stress of the silicon wafer.

We have studied analytically the longitudinally boost-invariant motion of a relativistic dissipative fluid with spin. We have derived the analytic solutions of spin density and spin chemical potential as a function of proper time τ in the presence of the viscous tensor and the second order relaxation time corrections for spin. Interestingly, analogous to the ordinary particle number density and chemical potential, we find that the spin density and spin chemical potential decay as ∼τ-1 and ∼τ-1/3, respectively. These solutions can serve both to gain insight on the dynamics of spin polarization in relativistic heavy-ion collisions and as test beds for further numerical codes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A two and a half layer oceanic model of wind-driven, thermodynamical general circulation is applied to study the interannual oscillation of sea surface temperature (SST) in the South China Sea (SCS). The model consists of two active layers: the upper mixed layer (UML) and the seasonal thermocline, with the motionless abyss beneath them. The governing equations which include momentum, continuity and sea temperature for each active layer, can describe the physics of Boussinseq approximation, reduced gravity and equatorial β-plane. The formulas for the heat flux at the surface and at the interface between two active layers are designed on the Haney scheme. The entrainment and detrainment at the bottom of the UML induces vertical transport of mass, momentum and heat, and couples of dynamic and thermodynamic effects. Using leap-frog integrating scheme and the Arakawa—C grid the model is forced by a time-dependent wind anomaly stress pattern obtained from category analysis of COADS. The numerical results indicate that there is a kind of oscillation with about 30 months period. The paper supports the opinion that the SST interannual oscillation is the oceanic response to the forcing by monsoon wind anomalies in the SCS.

Abstract: The large-scale upper oceanic circulation in the South China Sea (SCS) during the northeast monsoon was investigated using a 2 1/2-layer model involving entrainment and detrainment at the interface between the upper mixed layer and the seasonal thermocline. The model allows heat fluxes at the surface and at the interface with a relaxation scheme, the temperatures of the two active layers can vary. The model basin is identical to the SCS lateral boundary with bottom topography of 50 m or more and is regarded as an enclosed basin by neglecting inflow and outflow through the straits, and is forced by the climatological wind stress of 12 calendar months. It was found that the upper oceanic currents in winter were mainly wind-driven. Most aspects of streams reported by observations were simulated with eddyresolving.

Effects of GTP-binding proteins on the activation of secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) and cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) in rat liver during two different phases of sepsis were studied. Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Experiments were divided into three groups: control, early sepsis, and late sepsis. Early and late sepsis refers to those animals sacrificed at 9 and 18 h, respectively, after CLP. The results show that in the absence of G-protein modulator, hepatic sPLA2 and cPLA2 activities were activated by 40.8-46 and 91.6-105.8%, respectively, during early and late phases of sepsis. GTPγS and fluoroaluminate (A1F4-) stimulated sPLA2 and cPLA2 activities within each experimental group, i.e., control, early sepsis, and late sepsis. The GTPγS and A1F4--stimulated sPLA2 and cPLA2 activities remained significantly elevated during early phase (22.3-65.6% increase) and late phase (32.5-109.1% increase) of sepsis. Further analyses demonstrate that cholera toxin significantly stimulated sPLA2 and cPLA2 activities within each experimental group, and that the cholera toxin stimulated sPLA2 and cPLA2 activities remained significantly higher during early phase (23.5-37%increase) and late phase (56.7-70% increase) of sepsis. In contrast, pertussis toxin significantly inhibited sPLA2 and cPLA2 activities within each experimental group, and that the pertussis toxin-inhibited sPLA2 and cPLA2 activities remained significantly higher in early septic (57-68.5% increase) and late septic (34.6-45.5% increase) experiments. These data demonstrate that cholera toxin-sensitive Gαs and pertussis toxin-sensitive Gαi were both involved in the activation of sPLA2 and cPLA2 activities in rat liver during the progression of sepsis.

Background.Changes in the activities of secretory phospholipase A2(sPLA2) and cytosolic phospholipase A2(cPLA2) in the rat heart during early hyperdynamic and late hypodynamic phases of sepsis were studied in an attempt to understand the pathophysiology of cardiac dysfunction during sepsis.

Changes in the protein level of various subunits of G-protein and the activity of adenylate cyclase in rat liver plasma membranes during different metabolic phases of sepsis were studied. Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The results show that the protein levels of Gαi-2 and Gαi-3 were unchanged during the early hypermetabolic (hyperglycemic) phase (9 h after CLP), whereas Gαai-2 and Gαai-3 were increased by 32.4 and 59.1, respectively, during the late hypometabolic (hypoglycemic) phase (18 h after CLP) of sepsis. The protein levels of Gαs and Gβ remained unaltered during both the early and the late phases of sepsis. The activity of adenylate cyclase remained unchanged during the early phase, whereas it was decreased by 26 (p< .05) during the late phase of sepsis. Since the G-protein/adenylate cyclase signaling system mediates hormonal control of hepatic glucose metabolism, the observed increases in the Gαi-2 and Gαi-3 protein levels coupled with a decrease in the activity of adenylate cyclase may contribute to the development of the hypoglycemia during the late stage of sepsis.

We investigate the usefulness of ground states of quantum spin chains with symmetry-protected topological order (SPTO) for measurement-based quantum computation. We show that, in spatial dimension 1, if an SPTO phase protects the identity gate, then, subject to an additional symmetry condition that is satisfied in all cases so far investigated, it can also be used for quantum computation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resource states that contain nontrivial symmetry-protected topological order are identified for universal single-qudit measurement-based quantum computation. Our resource states fall into two classes: one as the qudit generalizations of the one-dimensional qubit cluster state, and the other as the higher-symmetry generalizations of the spin-1 Affleck-Kennedy-Lieb-Tasaki (AKLT) state, namely, with unitary, orthogonal, or symplectic symmetry. The symmetry in cluster states protects information propagation (identity gate), while the higher symmetry in AKLT-type states enables nontrivial gate computation. This work demonstrates a close connection between measurement-based quantum computation and symmetry-protected topological order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spectrum of a relic gravitational wave (RGW) contains high-frequency divergences, which should be removed. We present a systematic study of the issue, based on the exact RGW solution that covers the five stages, from inflation to the acceleration, each being a power law expansion. We show that the present RGW consists of vacuum dominating at ƒ>1011 Hz and graviton dominating at ƒ<1011 Hz, respectively. The gravitons are produced by the four cosmic transitions, mostly by the inflation-reheating one. We perform adiabatic regularization to remove vacuum divergences in three schemes: at present, at the end of inflation, and at horizon exit, to the second adiabatic order for the spectrum, and the fourth order for energy density and pressure. In the first scheme, a cutoff is needed to remove graviton divergences. We find that all three schemes yield the spectra of a similar profile, and the primordial spectrum defined far outside horizon during inflation is practically unaffected. We also regularize the gauge-invariant perturbed inflaton and the scalar curvature perturbation by the last two schemes, and find that the scalar spectra, the tensor-scalar ratio, and the consistency relation remain unchanged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 40 cases of headache treated by hydro-acupuncture plus Tuina, in comparison with 35 cases treated with medications plus Tuina, the results showed that the therapeutic effect was better in the treatment group than in the control group.

Barrier height of Au/GaAs was measured at various temperatures from Franz-Keldysh oscillations (FKO) of photoreflectance spectroscopy. The temperature dependence of the measured barrier height of Au/GaAs was explained by the theory of Hecht [Phys. Rev. B 41 (1990) 7918]. The photoinduced voltage depends on the temperature and cannot be neglected in the low-temperature range.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate intracellular redistribution of muscarinic cholinergic receptor (m2AChR) and the roles of receptor phosphorylation and gene transcription as underlying mechanisms in the rat heart during different phases of sepsis. Methods: Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The density of m2AChR in the sarcolemmal and light vesicle fractions was studied using [3H]-quinuclidinyl benzilate ([3H]-QNB). Phosphorylation of m2AChR was studied by labeling of the myocardial ATP pool by perfusing isolated hearts with [32P]H3PO4 followed by identification of the phosphorylated m2AChR with SDS–PAGE. The steady-state level of m2AChR mRNA was determined by RT-PCR and Southern blot analysis. Results: Septic rat hearts exhibit an initial hypercardiodynamic (9 h after CLP, early sepsis) and a subsequent hypocardiodynamic (18 h after CLP, late sepsis) state. During early sepsis, the Bmax for [3H]-QNB binding was increased in sarcolemma (+69%) but decreased in light vesicles (−22%), whereas during late sepsis, the Bmax was decreased in sarcolemma (−20%) but increased in light vesicles (+32%). The sum of Bmax for sarcolemmal and light vesicle fractions was increased during early sepsis (+43%) but decreased during late sepsis (−14%). The phosphorylation of m2AChR was decreased during early sepsis (−73%) but increased during late sepsis (+36% to +90%). The m2AChR mRNA abundance was increased during early sepsis (+52%) but decreased during late sepsis (−28%). Conclusions: The m2AChR in the rat heart was externalized from light vesicles to sarcolemma (overexpression) during early sepsis but internalized from surface membranes to intracellular sites (underexpression) during late sepsis. Furthermore, changes in the receptor phosphorylation and gene transcription are responsible for the biphasic redistribution and the altered expression of m2AChR in the rat heart during the progression of sepsis.

Quantum simulation is of great importance in quantum information science. Here, we report an experimental quantum channel simulator imbued with an algorithm for imitating the behavior of a general class of quantum systems. The reported quantum channel simulator consists of four single-qubit gates and one controlled-not gate. All types of quantum channels can be decomposed by the algorithm and implemented on this device. We deploy our system to simulate various quantum channels, such as quantum-noise channels and weak quantum measurement. Our results advance experimental quantum channel simulation, which is integral to the goal of quantum information processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report on the first joint analysis of observational signatures from the electroweak baryogenesis in both gravitational wave (GW) detectors and particle colliders. With an effective extension of the Higgs sector in terms of the dimension-six operators, we derive a strong first-order phase transition associated with a sizable CP violation to realize a successful electroweak baryogenesis. We calculate the GW spectrum resulting from the bubble nucleation, plasma transportation, and magnetohydrodynamic turbulence of this process that occurred after the big bang and find that it yields GW signals testable with the Evolved Laser Interferometer Space Antenna, Deci-hertz Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory, and Big Bang Observer. We further identify collider signals from the same mechanism that are observable at the planning Circular Electron Positron Collider. Our analysis bridges astrophysics and cosmology with particle physics by providing significant motivation for searches for GW events peaking at the (10-4,1) Hz range, which are associated with signals at colliders, and highlights the possibility of an interdisciplinary observational window into baryogenesis. The technique applied in analyzing early Universe phase transitions may enlighten the study of phase transitions in applied science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a new class of two-field inflationary attractor models, known as shift-symmetric orbital inflation, whose behavior is strongly multifield but whose predictions are remarkably close to those of single-field inflation. In these models, the field space metric and potential are such that the inflaton trajectory is along an "angular" isometry direction whose "radius" is constant but arbitrary. As a result, the radial (isocurvature) perturbations away from the trajectory are exactly massless and they freeze on superhorizon scales. These models are the first exact realization of the "ultra-light isocurvature" scenario, previously described in the literature, where a combined shift symmetry emerges between the curvature and isocurvature perturbations and results in primordial perturbation spectra that are entirely consistent with current observations. Due to the turning trajectory, the radial perturbation sources the tangential (curvature) perturbation and makes it grow linearly in time. As a result, only one degree of freedom (i.e., the one from isocurvature modes) is responsible for the primordial observables at the end of inflation, which yields the same phenomenology as in single-field inflation. In particular, isocurvature perturbations and local non-Gaussianity are highly suppressed here, even if the inflationary dynamics is truly multifield. We comment on the generalization to models with more than two fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As potential candidates of dark matter, primordial black holes (PBHs) are within the core scopes of various astronomical observations. In light of the explosive development of gravitational wave (GW) and radio astronomy, we thoroughly analyze a stochastic background of cosmological GWs, induced by overly large primordial density perturbations, with several spikes that was inspired by the sound speed resonance effect and can predict a particular pattern on the mass spectrum of PBHs. With a specific mechanism for PBH formation, we for the first time perform the study of such induced GWs that originate from both the inflationary era and the radiation-dominated phase. We report that, besides the traditional process of generating GWs during the radiation-dominated phase, the contribution of the induced GWs in the sub-Hubble regime during inflation can become significant at the critical frequency band because of a narrow resonance effect. All contributions sum together to yield a specific profile of the energy spectrum of GWs that can be of observable interest in forthcoming astronomical experiments. Our study sheds light on the possible joint probe of PBHs via various observational windows of multimessenger astronomy, including the search for electromagnetic effects with astronomical telescopes and the stochastic background of relic GWs with GW instruments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a scheme for generating a type of novel tree-type three-dimensional entangled state. In the scheme, an atom and two Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) are individually trapped in three spatially separated optical cavities which are connected by two optical fibers. Because the system evolves along the dark state via adiabatic passage, the populations of the intermediate excited states of the atom and BECs are so negligible that the influence of atomic spontaneous radiation on the fidelity is restrained. In addition, because of the certain limit condition used, the cavity decay and fiber loss are efficiently suppressed. This novel three-dimensional entangled state is likely to have applications for improving quantum communication security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]