Search

The ongoing digital transformation is increasing the need for lifelong learning. Todays rigid and long-term oriented competence management approaches cannot keep the current neither the future pace of change within the world of work, resulting in a loss of competitiveness and todays significant skill gaps. This article describes existing learning needs within the industry and a new approach that enables application and target-oriented learning for Industry 4.0.

ObjectiveOesophageal cancer (EC) is the sixth leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Oesophageal adenocarcinoma (EA), with Barrett’s oesophagus (BE) as a precursor lesion, is the most prevalent EC subtype in the Western world. This study aims to contribute to better understand the genetic causes of BE/EA by leveraging genome wide association studies (GWAS), genetic correlation analyses and polygenic risk modelling.DesignWe combined data from previous GWAS with new cohorts, increasing the sample size to 16 790 BE/EA cases and 32 476 controls. We also carried out a transcriptome wide association study (TWAS) using expression data from disease-relevant tissues to identify BE/EA candidate genes. To investigate the relationship with reported BE/EA risk factors, a linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSR) analysis was performed. BE/EA risk models were developed combining clinical/lifestyle risk factors with polygenic risk scores (PRS) derived from the GWAS meta-analysis.ResultsThe GWAS meta-analysis identified 27 BE and/or EA risk loci, 11 of which were novel. The TWAS identified promising BE/EA candidate genes at seven GWAS loci and at five additional risk loci. The LDSR analysis led to the identification of novel genetic correlations and pointed to differences in BE and EA aetiology. Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease appeared to contribute stronger to the metaplastic BE transformation than to EA development. Finally, combining PRS with BE/EA risk factors improved the performance of the risk models.ConclusionOur findings provide further insights into BE/EA aetiology and its relationship to risk factors. The results lay the foundation for future follow-up studies to identify underlying disease mechanisms and improving risk prediction.

Research data management is essential for high-quality reproducible research, yet relatively little is known about how research data management is practiced by graduate students in Civil and Environmental Engineering (CEE). Prior research suggests that faculty in CEE delegate research data management to graduate students, prompting this investigation into how graduate students practice data management. This study uses semi-structured interviews and qualitative content analysis to explore how CEE graduate students work with data and practice data management in their research, as well as what resources and support would meet their needs. Many respondents touched on data collection, data management, disseminating research outputs, and collaboration and learning in their interviews. Several themes emerged from the interviews: data quality as a concern, as many CEE graduate students rely on secondary data for research; a gap between values and enacted practices; a connection between disseminating data and reproducibility; and a reliance on peer and self-directed learning for data management education. Based on these themes, the study recommends strategies for librarians and others on campus to better support CEE graduate student research data practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Past research has found that relations to nonresident family can influence individual fertility and migration behaviors separately. However, fertility and migration outcomes may also be interrelated, suggesting potential links across all three demographic processes. With this in mind, we track a cohort of women in Norway from age 18 to 31, recording the emergence of birth and migration events as well as their proximity to nonresident family networks (siblings and parents). Using a multilevel multiprocess statistical framework, with observations nested within women and equations for births, migrations, and proximity to nonresident family estimated simultaneously, our results support the notion that linked lives matter. Even in early adulthood, proximity to nonresident family has a positive effect on transitions to motherhood, whereas the presence of children (itself an outcome of past fertility) is associated with lower propensities to migrate. Mothers also have higher propensities to be living near family than women without children. The presence of local nonresident family reduces propensities for second and third migrations. However, after accounting for unobserved heterogeneity and selection, we observe a small positive effect of proximity to family on first migrations undertaken after age 18. Significant cross-process residual correlations exist across all three outcomes, suggesting that separately estimated model estimates may be vulnerable to bias emerging from unobserved sources of heterogeneity and selection. Our analysis therefore suggests that decisions about fertility, migration, and proximity to family are jointly determined and endogenous, and they should be analyzed simultaneously when possible.

With historically similar patterns of high and stable cohort fertility and high levels of gender equality, the Nordic countries of Sweden, Finland, Norway, Denmark, and Iceland are seen as forerunners in demographic behavior. Furthermore, Nordic fertility trends have strongly influenced fertility theories. However, the period fertility decline that started around 2010 in many countries with relatively high fertility is particularly pronounced in the Nordic countries, raising the question of whether Nordic cohort fertility will also decline and deviate from its historically stable pattern. Using harmonized data across the Nordic countries, we comprehensively describe this period decline and analyze the extent to which it is attributable to tempo or quantum effects. Two key results stand out. First, the decline is mostly attributable to first births but can be observed across all ages from 15 to the mid-30s. This is a reversal from the previous trend in which fertility rates in the early 30s increased relatively steadily in those countries in the period 1980–2010. Second, tempo explains only part of the decline. Forecasts indicate that the average Nordic cohort fertility will decline from 2 children for the 1970 cohort to around 1.8 children for the late 1980s cohorts. Finland diverges from the other countries in terms of its lower expected cohort fertility (below 1.6), and Denmark and Sweden diverge from Finland, Iceland, and Norway in terms of their slower cohort fertility decline. These findings suggest that the conceptualization of the Nordic model of high and stable fertility may need to be revised.

DBJ search finds partial information; Kaiser, PacifiCare, QualMed pay most Part of what consumers pay health-maintenance organizations in their monthly premiums goes to administrative costs such as executive compensation. Though [...]

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors that are considered a syndrome due to evidence suggesting that their association is more than a mere coincidence. MetS is associated with approximately a 4-fold increase in the likelihood of developing overt Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) and a 2-fold increase in the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) complications. MetS is a progressive, proinflammatory, prothrombotic condition that clinically manifests itself along a broad spectrum of disease. While its presence contributes directly to the risk of developing T2DM and atherosclerosis, it is also associated with hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), fatty liver disease, gout and the polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Intervening and reversing the pathologic process becomes more difficult as the disease progresses, highlighting the need for increased individual and community surveillance and for primary prevention.

The article discusses the findings of a study on the odds of becoming a company president based on the career histories of the men who have served as presidents of 239 major industrial firms from 1945 through 1964. The presidency typically goes to a man who has spent the great majority of his career in one field and who has risen through a series of positions in that field. This means that he had to prove his mettle in a succession of increasingly difficult assignments in some area of business operation. Thereby, developing and demonstrating his executive abilities.

Copyright of FR Finanz-Rundschau Ertragsteuerrecht is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

MathSciNet is a database for mathematics publications, and reviews of these publications. In addition to providing access to math publications and reviews, MathSciNet provides author and journal profiles, citation mapping and counts, and several search options to be able to discover content, authors, and journals. These features provide a lot of value to mathematics researchers, but could be improved with several changes to the search interface. Once a user is able to figure out how to use MathSciNet and all of the features available in the database, it will be a valuable tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children's Museum stops financial slide When Patricia Cooper assumed leadership of The Children's Museum of Denver in June 1995, she wasn't sure from week to week, and sometimes even day [...]

Martin/Martin projects include Coors, Pavilions At the consulting engineer firm Martin/Martin, the design and construction of high-rises, bridges, sports arenas and other facilities is more than the practical application of [...]

Catch 22: Which one will come first? A multimillion-dollar chicken-and-egg dilemma is hatching in downtown Denver, and its resolution will have a sweeping impact on the city's economy for years [...]

The astounding growth that has characterized the home health-care industry during the past 10 to 12 years is now being accompanied by ever-increasing levels of service sophistication and business savvy. [...]

The Internal Revenue Code contains a regulation which states that employers may provide employees with transportation fare not beyond $21 a month in the form of vouchers, tokens or tickets for mass transit systems. These commuter subsidies are cost negligible for firms and exempt from taxes for employees. This benefit is well-appreciated by employees since it covers their transportation expenses. The subsidy also promotes the company's image since it helps control pollution and conforms with Clean Air Act regulations.

The purpose of this study was the evaluation of prognostic factors for long-term survival and progression-free survival (PFS) after treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) liver metastases with magnetic resonance–guided laser-induced interstital thermotherapy (LITT).

Die Riester-Versorgung ist deutlich besser als ihr Ruf. Nur wenige der in der öffentlichen Diskussion kritisierten Bestandteile sind wirklich problematisch; teilweise hat der Gesetzgeber tatsächliche Probleme bereits beseitigt, zur Beseitigung einen Gesetzesentwurf vorgelegt oder eine Problemlösung in Aussicht gestellt. Hinter dem Argument, die Rendite sei nicht besser als beim Sparstrumpf, steht eine in der Investitionsrechnung und Finanzmathematik nicht übliche Verfahrensweise. Die tatsächlichen am Markt vor zu findenden effektiven Renditen nach Steuerwirkungen sind deutlich höher als bei Produkten der Schicht 3, weisen jedoch von Anbieter zu Anbieter und zwischen den verschiedenen Produktarten erhebliche Unterschiede auf. Wie bei anderen Formen der Altersvorsorge gilt: Der Kaufentscheidung sollte eine ausreichende Produkt- und Angebotsinformation vorausgehen. Hierzu gibt es genügend Veröffentlichungen, zum Beispiel von Finanztest.

Under a little-known provision of the Internal Revenue Code, employers can provide tax-free vouchers, tokens or tickets worth up to $21 a month to employees who use mass transit to [...]

We present some preliminary results from using large-eddy simulation to compute the late wake of a sphere towed at constant speed through a non-stratified and a uniformly stratified fluid. The wake is computed in each case for two values of the Reynolds number: Re = 104, which is comparable to that used in laboratory experiments, and Re = 105. An important aspect of the simulation is the use of an iterative procedure to relax the initial turbulence field so that the normal and shear turbulent stresses are properly correlated and the turbulent production and dissipation are in equilibrium. For the lower Reynolds number our results compare well with existing laboratory experimental results. For the higher Reynolds number we find that even though the turbulence is more developed and the wake contains finer structure, most of the similarity properties of the wake are unchanged compared with those observed at the lower Reynolds number.

The bistatic Doppler shift depends irreducibly on target position and velocity. This fact renders intractable an analytical assessment of the radar's global ability to counter stationary clutter. To avoid lengthy simulations, an easily applicable numerical solution for the cumulative distribution function of the Doppler shift is provided corresponding to plausible assumptions concerning the underlying probability distribution of the target position and velocity.

In a previous paper it was shown that in steep standing waves on water the collapse of a rounded cavity in the wave trough can produce quite high local vertical accelerations, initiating the growth of a strong vertical jet. In one example given here, the acceleration exceeds 100g. The main purpose of the present paper is to follow the subsequent development of the jet by means of a boundary-integral time-stepping technique. It is found that the jets tend to bifurcate into two halves, each forming a plunging or spilling breaker. The transition of the rising wave trough into a thin jet is here compared with an asymptotic flow in which the free surface is given by a quartic equation.

A primary route of metabolism of dihalomethanes occurs via glutathione (GSH) transferase-catalyzed conjugation. Mammalian theta class GSH transferases and a group of bacterial dichloromethane dehalogenases are able to catalyze the hydrolytic dehalogenation of dihalomethanes via GSH conjugation and subsequent formation of HCHO. Dihalomethanes have been shown to induce revertants in Salmonella typhimurium TA 1535 expressing theta class GSH transferases. Two mammalian theta class GSH transferases (rat GST 5-5 and human GST T1) and the bacterial dehalogenase DM11 were compared in the in vitro conjugation of CH3Cl and using in vitro assays (HCHO formation) and the S. typhimurium mutagenesis assay with the dihalomethanes CH2Cl2, CH2Br2, CH2BrCl, CH2ICl, CH2I2, and CH2ClF. GSTs 5-5 and T1 had similar characteristics and exhibited first-order rather than Michaelis−Menten kinetics for HCHO formation over the range of dihalomethane concentrations tested. In contrast, the DM11 enzyme displayed typical hyperbolic Michaelis−Menten kinetics for all of the compounds tested. A similar pattern was observed for the conjugation of CH3Cl. The reversion tests with S. typhimurium expressing DM11 or GST 5-5 showed a concentration-dependent increase in revertants for most of the dihalomethanes, and DM11 produced revertants at dihalomethane concentrations lower than GST 5-5. Collectively, the results indicate that rates of conversion of dihalomethanes to HCHO are not correlated with mutagenicity and that GSH conjugates are genotoxic. The results are compared with the conjugation and genotoxicity of haloethanes in the preceding paper in this issue [Wheeler, J. B., Stourman, N. V., Armstrong, R. N., and Guengerich, F. P. (2001) Chem. Res. Toxicol. 14, 1107−1117]. The halide order appears most important in the dihalomethane conjugation reactions catalyzed by GST 5-5 and less so in GST T1 and DM11, probably due to changes in the rate-limiting steps.

The polymorphism of human glutathione transferase hGSTT1-1is expressed in three phenotypes. Experimentally, individuals can be classified as non-conjugators, low conjugators and ‘high’ conjugators depending on the enzyme activity in blood towards methylene chloride using a gas chromatographic assay. Non-conjugators do not have a functional hGSTT1gene; however, little is known about the molecular basis of the three conjugator phenotypes. The higher hGSTT1-1 activity in high conjugators may be the result of enzyme induction or be genetically determined. Twenty-nine members of a large family, including three generations were phenotyped and genotyped with respect to hGSTT1-1. The hGSTT1-1 enzyme activity of high conjugators was twice as high as that of low conjugators. The distribution of hGSTT1-1 phenotypes strongly indicates a Mendelian intermediary inheritance, in which a gene-dosage effect results in a doubled enzyme expression in the presence of two functional alleles. The Mendelian intermediary inheritance is further supported by the findings of a semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction method designed to distinguish the three genotypes of hGSTT1for rapid screening of large study groups.

Numerical simulations of vortical free-surface flows are prone to developing spurious high-frequency dispersive waves unless the flow field is given sufficient time to adjust. At low Froude numbers, the high-frequency waves obscure the true hydrostatic balance of the free-surface elevation with the component of the pressure that is induced by the vortical portion of the flow. The high-frequency waves must be eliminated for remote sensing applications because otherwise the roughening of the free surface and the predicted radar backscatter will be incorrect. A procedure is developed for reducing the initial impulse of the pressure and the subsequent generation of high-frequency waves. Numerical simulations of whirls illustrate the effectiveness of the procedure. The pressure field of the whirls forms dimples on the free surface.

A perturbation expansion and a multigrid technique are developed for simulating the fully-nonlinear unsteady-interaction of short waves riding on long gravity waves. Both numerical techniques are capable of simulating wave slopes near breaking and wavelength ratios greater than thirty, but the multigrid technique converges more rapidly and it is more efficient. The results of numerical simulations agree qualitatively with experimental measurements of ripple formation on the front face of a gravity-capillary wave.

A two-dimensional numerical simulation of the parasitic capillary waves that form on a 5 cm gravity-capillary wave is performed. A robust numerical algorithm is developed to simulate flows with complex boundary conditions and topologies. The free-surface boundary layer is resolved at the full-scale Reynolds, Froude, and Weber numbers. Seventeen million grid points are used to resolve the flow to within 6 × 10–4 cm. The numerical method is used to investigate the formation of parasitic capillary waves on the front face of a gravity-capillary wave. The parasitic capillary waves shed vorticity that induces surface currents that exceed twenty-five percent of the phase velocity of the gravity-capillary wave when the steepness of the parasitic capillary waves is approximately 0.8 and the total wave steepness is 1.1. A mean surface current develops in the direction of the wave’s propagation and is concentrated on the front face of the gravity-capillary wave. This current enhances mixing, and remnants of this surface current are probably present in post-breaking waves. Regions of high vorticity occur on the back sides of the troughs of the parasitic capillary waves. The vorticity separates from the free surface in regions where the wave-induced velocities exceed the vorticity-induced velocities. The rate of energy dissipation of the gravity-capillary wave with parasitic capillaries riding on top is twenty-two times greater than that of the gravity-capillary wave alone.

No support is found in this experimental comparison of the effectiveness of TV, movies, sound and print for McLuhan's idea that TV is ‘cool’ and movies ‘hot.’

Normally, sound level as a function of time originating from a target moving with constant (and, compared to the speed of sound, small) velocity, only permits the determination of angular velocity. However, sound absorption becoming important in the ultrasonic region can be exploited to estimate both target velocity and range. The theoretical estimation accuracy is investigated employing model assumptions of increasing complexity, including the exploitation of possibly available measurements of target bearing angle. The proposed procedures are applied to both simulated and real data.

Human hemolysate was incubated in vitro with different concentrations of dichloromethane (methylene chloride). The resulting enzymatically mediated production of formaldehyde was determined by two independent analytical methods (Nash-reaction/colorimetry or HPLC). The formation of formaldehyde from dichloromethane is influenced by the polymorphism of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) Theta, in the same way as the metabolism of methyl bromide, methyl chloride, methyl iodide and ethylene oxide. Three quarters of the population (“conjugators”) possess, whereas one quarter (“non-conjugators”) lack this enzyme activity in human erythrocytes. The metabolism of dichloromethane in hemolysate in vitro can be described by Michaelis-Menten kinetics; for an individual with high GST T1-1 enzyme activity, the maximum velocity of formaldehyde production was calculated to be approximately 180 pmol/min per mg Hb, the kMbeing approximately 60 mM dichloromethane. Carcinogenicity of dichloromethane in long-term inhalation exposure of rodents has been attributed to metabolism of the compound via the GST-dependent pathway. Extrapolation of the results to humans for risk assessment should consider the newly discovered polymorphic enzyme activity of GST Theta. Furthermore, the possible existence of a “high-risk” population among humans should be considered in epidemiological research.

Zusammenfassung: Im Laufe der letzten vier Jahrzehnte nehmen Bodensch�den durch beschleunigte Abtragungsvorg�nge in der Kulturlandschaft des Nationalparks Berchtesgaden deutlich zu. Ist es der Berglandwirtschaft fr�her hinreichend gelungen, diese durch Rodung k�nstlich entstandenen �kosysteme durch eine angepa�te Nutzung zu stabilisieren und damit auch die Produktivit�t nachhaltig zu sichern, so wird sie heute dieser Aufgabe nicht mehr immer gerecht. Die Folgen sind erh�hte Abtr�ge durch quasinat�rlich ablaufende geomorphologische Prozesse. Am Beispiel des Jennergebietes im Nationalpark Berchtesgaden werden die Ursachen und Auswirkungen dieser nach wie vor aktuellen Entwicklung aufgezeigt.

The ‘almost-highest wave’, which is the asymptotic form of the flow in a steep irrotational water wave of less than the limiting height, was recently shown to be unstable to infinitesimal disturbances (see Longuet-Higgins & Cleaver 1994). It was also shown numerically that the lowest eigenfrequency is asymptotic to that of the lower superharmonic instability of a progressive wave in deep water (Longuet-Higgins, Cleaver & Fox 1994). In the present paper these calculations are revised, indicating the presence of more than one such instability, in agreement with recent calculations on steep periodic and solitary waves (Longuet-Higgins & Tanaka 1997). The nonlinear development of the fastest-growing instability is also traced by a boundary-integral time-stepping method and the initial, linear growth rate is confirmed. The subsequent, nonlinear stages of growth depend as expected on the sign of the initial perturbation. Perturbations of one sign lead to the familiar overturning of the wave crest. Perturbations of the opposite sign lead to a smooth transition of the wave to a lower progressive wave having nearly the same total energy, followed by a return to a wave of almost the initial wave height. This appears to be the beginning of a nonlinear recurrence phenomenon.

ANY.NY STUDY of how persons become socialized into a specialty of medicine should take into account what the trainees bring with them into the training situation. Numerous studies have focused upon the psychological characteristics of individuals who have elected to enter psychiatry.1 There have been studies of the therapeutic ideologies of psychiatrists.2 There have also been attempts to link personality characteristics and the espousal of particular psychiatric ideologies.3 There has been less concern with the sociocultural characteristics of persons entering psychiatry. Specifically, to our knowledge no investigators have posed the question of what conceptions of psychiatry and expectations concerning psychiatry are characteristic of entering psychiatric residents.This question came forcefully to our attention in the course of a longitudinal study of professional socialization in four different training programs: one training program in internal medicine, one PhD program in biochemistry, and two training programs in psychiatry. (By professional

Direct numerical simulations and large-eddy simulations of turbulent free-surface flows are currently being performed to investigate the roughening of the surface, and the scattering, radiation, and dissipation of waves by turbulence. The numerical simulation of turbulent free-surface flows is briefly reviewed. The numerical, modeling, and hardware issues are discussed.