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Endometrial cancer (EC) is a major cause of mortality worldwide with nearly 200 000 cases diagnosed annually. The recent ESMO-ESGO-ESTRO guidelines include a new classification defining a heterogeneous high-risk group of recurrence (HR) comprising: (i) endometrioid (type 1) FIGO stage IB grade 3 tumors (type 1/G3ECs), (ii) non-endometrioid tumors (type 2) and (iii) advanced stages whatever the histological type (Colombo et al., 2016).

An MRI is recommended for an ovarian mass that is indeterminate on ultrasound. The ROMA score (combining CA125 and HE4) can also be calculated (grade A). In presumed early-stage ovarian or tubal cancers, the following procedures should be performed: an omentectomy (at a minimum, infracolic), an appendectomy, multiple peritoneal biopsies, peritoneal cytology (grade C), and pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomies (grade B) for all histologic types, except the expansile mucinous subtypes, for which lymphadenectomies can be omitted (grade C). Minimally invasive surgery is recommended for early-stage ovarian cancer, when there is no risk of tumor rupture (grade B). For FIGO stages III or IV ovarian, tubal, and primary peritoneal cancers, a contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan of the thorax/abdomen/pelvis is recommended (grade B), as well as laparoscopic exploration to take multiple biopsies (grade A) and a carcinomatosis score (Fagotti score at a minimum) (grade C) to assess the possibility of complete surgery (i.e., leaving no macroscopic tumor residue). Complete surgery by a midline laparotomy is recommended for advanced ovarian, tubal, or primary peritoneal cancer (grade B). For advanced cancers, para-aortic and pelvic lymphadenectomies are recommended when metastatic adenopathy is clinically or radiologically suspected (grade B). When adenopathy is not suspected and when complete peritoneal surgery is performed as the initial surgery for advanced cancer, the lymphadenectomies can be omitted because they do not modify either the medical treatment or overall survival (grade B). Primary surgery (before other treatment) is recommended whenever it appears possible to leave no tumor residue (grade B).

Adjuvant chemotherapy by carboplatin and paclitaxel is recommended for all high-grade ovarian and tubal cancers (FIGO stages I-IIA) (grade A). After primary surgery is complete, 6 cycles of intravenous chemotherapy (grade A) are recommended, or a discussion with the patient about intraperitoneal chemotherapy, according to her risk-benefit ratio. After complete interval surgery for FIGO stage III, hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) can be proposed, in accordance with the modalities of the OV-HIPEC trial (grade B). In cases of postoperative tumor residue or in FIGO stage IV tumors, chemotherapy associated with bevacizumab is recommended (grade A).

To develop a questionnaire based on patients’ verbal descriptors, to measure the painful symptoms of endometriosis.

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a recurrent disease in women despite treatment by antibiotics. This study investigated the impact of a vaginal probiotic, Lactobacillus crispatusIP174178* (Lc), on the rate of recurrence and time to recurrence.

En este artículo se exponen las diversas técnicas de imagen para la exploración de la patología endometriósica pélvica, poniendo énfasis en el aporte de la ecografía endovaginal y de la resonancia magnética pélvica, que son los dos principales métodos de exploración. Al respecto, se explicará la semiología que hace posible reconocer la enfermedad, así como las condiciones técnicas de adquisición que permiten optimizar la eficacia diagnóstica de cada una de ellas. Así, de forma sucesiva se presentan la patología anexial y las lesiones subperitoneales profundas anterior, lateral y posterior.

Il sanguinamento ginecologico anomalo è fonte di preoccupazione, di compromissione della qualità della vita e persino di minaccia per la prognosi vitale a seconda dell’età e dell’eziologia. La diagnosi di gravidanza deve essere sistematicamente esclusa prima della menopausa. La gestione del sanguinamento ginecologico varia a seconda dell’età in particolare. Nelle adolescenti, anche in assenza di una precisa diagnosi eziologica, il trattamento deve essere avviato sistematicamente per risolvere il sanguinamento attivo e ridurre il rischio di peggioramento in caso di recidiva. Le trasfusioni vengono discusse caso per caso a causa del rischio di alloimmunizzazione. Nelle donne adulte, qualsiasi consultazione al Pronto Soccorso per sanguinamento ginecologico richiede una consultazione ginecologica e un imaging pelvico, urgentemente o differiti a seconda della tolleranza. Nelle donne in menopausa, la ricerca di un cancro pelvico è sistematica, anche di fronte a un primo episodio di sanguinamento.

Le Collège national des gynécologues et obstétriciens français (CNGOF) a rédigé des recommandations pour la pratique clinique concernant la prise en charge des tumeurs bénignes du sein (TBS) en dehors du contexte de grossesse et du post-partum dont l’objectif est de proposer des conduites à tenir, validées par des preuves scientifiques et applicables par tous les praticiens intervenant dans la prise en charge de ces patientes. Le résumé des preuves scientifiques pour chaque question a été rédigé par un groupe d’experts, à partir duquel des recommandations ont été élaborées, classées par grade, selon les préconisations de la Haute Autorité de santé.

L’échographie est nécessaire avec la mammographie pour explorer une masse clinique du sein (grade B), un écoulement unipore coloré du mamelon (grade C), ou une mastite (grade C). La classification BI-RADS est recommandée pour décrire et classer les anomalies en imagerie du sein. Pour les abcès du sein, une biopsie percutanée est recommandée en cas de masse ou de symptômes persistants (grade C). Pour les mastodynies, lorsque l’imagerie du sein est normale, ni l’IRM, ni une biopsie n’est recommandée (grade C). La biopsie percutanée est recommandée pour les masses classées BI-RADS 4-5 (grade B). Pour les lésions érythémateuses persistantes aréolomamelonnaires ou les lésions d’eczéma atypique, une biopsie est recommandée (grade C). Pour la distorsion ou l’asymétrie mammaire, une macrobiopsie est recommandée en raison du risque de sous-estimation par microbiopsie (grade C). Pour les microcalcifications BI-RADS 4-5 sans signal à l’échographie, une macrobiopsie d’au moins 11 jauges est recommandée (grade B) ; en l’absence de microcalcifications sur les clichés des carottes, des prélèvements supplémentaires sont recommandés (grade B). Pour l’hyperplasie canalaire atypique, l’hyperplasie lobulaire atypique, le carcinome lobulaire in situ, la métaplasie cylindrique avec atypies, la cicatrice radiaire avec traduction radiologique, la mucocèle avec atypie, l’exérèse chirurgicale est habituellement recommandée (grade C). L’abstention est possible après concertation multidisciplinaire (grade C). Pour ces lésions, lorsque l’excision n’est pas in sano, aucune excision complémentaire n’est recommandée sauf pour le CLIS pléomorphe ou avec nécrose (grade C). Pour la phyllode de grade 1, la résection chirurgicale in sano est recommandée ; pour la phyllode de grade 2, des marges de 10mm sont recommandées (grade C). Pour les lésions papillaires sans atypie, la disparition complète du signal radiologique est recommandée (grade C). Pour les lésions papillaires avec atypies, la résection chirurgicale complète est recommandée (grade C).

Endometriosis is a common condition that causes pain and infertility. It can lead to absenteeism and also to multiple surgeries with a consequent risk of impaired fertility, and constitutes a major public health cost. Despite the existence of numerous national and international guidelines, the management of endometriosis remains suboptimal. To address this issue, the French College of Gynaecologists and Obstetricians (CNGOF) and the Society of Gynaecological and Pelvic Surgery (SCGP) convened a committee of experts tasked with defining the criteria for establishing a system of care networks, headed by Expert Centres, covering all of mainland France and its overseas territories. This document sets out the criteria for the designation of Expert Centres. It will serve as a guide for the authorities concerned, to ensure that the means are provided to adequately manage patients with endometriosis.

Le cancer de la vulve est rare. En France, sa prise en charge est codifiée par des référentiels. Le but de ce travail a été d’évaluer sa prise en charge en regard des recommandations.

Abstract: Background: This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and relevance of laparoscopic restaging surgery for women with borderline ovarian tumors. Methods: From March 2001 to February 2006, 42 women referred for borderline ovarian tumors after laparoscopy or laparotomy underwent a laparoscopic restaging operation. Of these women, 37 (88%) had undergone conservative surgery including unilateral cystectomy (n = 16), bilateral cystectomy (n = 1), and unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (n = 20). The remaining five women (12%) had undergone radical surgery, including bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) (n = 4) and hysterectomy with BSO (n = 1). Intraoperative rupture occurred in 13 cases. Results: All 42 restaging operations were performed via the laparoscopic approach. There were no intraoperative complications, no laparoconversions, and no postoperative complications. Laparoscopic restaging identified two persistent borderline ovarian tumors (12%) in women who had initially undergone cystectomy. Seven women were upstaged (16.6%) because of positive cytology (n = 2), peritoneal biopsy (n = 2), or omentum (n = 3). Among the 28 women with initial Federation International of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage Ia disease, the final stage was Ia for 24 women, Ib for 2 women, IIIa for 1 woman, and IIIc for 1 woman. Among the 12 women with initial stage Ic disease, 11 kept the same stage and 1 was upstaged to IIIc. The woman with initial stage IIa disease was upstaged to IIb, and the woman with initial stage IIc disease was upstaged to IIIc. The risk of upstaging was significantly higher among women with serous borderline tumors. Upstaging occurred in women with both initial stages I and II disease. Conclusions: The results confirm the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic restaging operations for women with borderline ovarian tumors. Cystectomy was associated with a risk of persistent lesions. The risk of upstaging was higher for women with serous borderline ovarian tumors and women with initial FIGO stage I or II disease.

Background:Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors are key-players in extracellular matrix and basement membrane degradation, and are involved in both physiological and malignant processes. The aim of this study was to examine MMP-2, -7 and -9 and TIMP-1 and -2 expression in normal, hyperplastic and malignant endometrium, and their relation to clinical and histological prognostic factors.

Objective: To assess the efficacy of lidocaine spray during outpatient hysteroscopy for reducing procedure-related pain and to identify risk factors for discomfort.

The potential of the soluble forms of the adhesion molecules ICAM-1 (sICAM-1), CD44std (sCD44std) and E-cadherin (sE-cadherin) was tested for the diagnosis of benign and malignant cystic epithelial tumours of the ovary. Concentrations of sICAM-1, sCD44std and sE-cadherin were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the serum and cyst fluid obtained from 23 patients with luteal cysts, 29 with cystadenomas, nine with dermoid cysts, five with borderline tumours and 11 with carcinomas. Serum concentrations of sICAM-1, but not of sCD44std and sE-cadherin, were constantly elevated compared with normal controls. Cyst fluid concentrations of sICAM-1, sCD44std and sE-cadherin were elevated in borderline and malignant tumours compared with cystadenomas (P = 0.034, 0.006 and 0.001, respectively). In conclusion, our results suggest that serum concentrations of adhesion molecules have no diagnostic value in ovarian tumours, whereas cyst fluid concentrations may facilitate distinction between benign lesions and borderline or malignant tumours.Keywords:adhesion molecules/cadherins/CD44/ICAM-1/ovarian tumours

We evaluated the immunohistochemical expression of cadherins and CD44 variants in 20 endometriomas, 20 cystadenomas, 20 borderline ovarian tumours as well as 20 ovarian carcinomas, and the serological and cystic fluid concentrations of soluble E-cadherin and soluble CD44 standard (sCD44sdt) in 20 endometriomas, 20 cystadenomas, six borderline and 11 carcinomas of the ovary. In endometriomas, immunostaining of E- and N-cadherin was negative (20 and 30% respectively). CD44 H, v3 and v6 immunostaining were detected in 63, 10 and 40% respectively. A difference in immunostaining for E-cadherin was found between endometriomas and cystadenomas (P < 0.001) and for N-cadherin between endometriomas and carcinomas (P < 0.001). A difference in CD44H immunostaining was observed between endometriomas and cystadenomas (P < 0.035) but not with borderline ovarian tumours and carcinomas. No difference in serum concentrations of soluble E-cadherins and CD44 standard was found between the four groups of tumours. Cystic fluid concentrations of E-cadherin were lower in endometriomas than in borderline tumours and ovarian carcinomas (P < 0.001). High concentrations of soluble CD44 standard cystic fluid were found in endometriomas than in other ovarian cysts. Endometriomas and borderline tumours share alterations of cadherins and CD44 isoforms which may help in the understanding of the aggressive and invasive potentials of endometriotic cells.

We report the limits, complications, subsequent fertility and outcome of pregnancies after laparoscopic myomectomy. From January 1990 to October 1995, 143 patients underwent a first laparoscopic approach to myomectomy. A total of 41 patients (28.7%) had a laparoconversion (12 cases for a number of myomata >5, 15 cases for myoma diameter >7 cm, 12 cases for peroperative haemorrhage and two cases for adenomyosis). Seventy patients (49%) wished to conceive: 26 had undergone laparoconversion and 44 laparoscopic myomectomy. A total of 19 pregnancies were obtained in 17 patients after laparoscopic myomectomy (38.6%): eight vaginal deliveries, three Caesarean sections, four miscarriages, two abortions, one ectopic pregnancy and one therapeutic abortion. The pregnancy rate in patients with unexplained infertility and with multifactorial infertility was 48.2% and 20% respectively. The mean delay to conception was 11.3 months. No uterine rupture was noted. Pelvic adhesions were found in the four patients who underwent second-look procedure. Our preliminary results indicate that laparoscopic myomectomy is a useful technique.

Les tumeurs bénignes du sein recouvrent un spectre clinique large allant des tumeurs conjonctivo-épithéliales mammaires aux abcès du sein, en passant par les lésions à risque de cancer du sein. Leur prise en charge représente un impact médico-économique majeur et nécessite un recours raisonné aux investigations paracliniques tant sur le plan radiologique qu’anatomopathologique.

L’ulipristal acetate (UPA) est un SPRM utilisé dans le traitement au long cours de myomes. Son impact sur l’histologie endométriale est spécifique et réversible dans la couche superficielle. Nous avons étudié l’impact de l’UPA sur l’expression de marqueurs de prolifération et de maturation dans les couches superficielle (fonctionnelle) et basale (mémoire) de l’endomètre.