Search

ABSTRACTBackground:To comprehensively assess the neurologic recovery potential of chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) in rats after spinal cord injury (SCI).Methods:The PubMed, Embase, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were searched for animal experiments that evaluated the use of ChABC in the treatment of SCI up to November 2022. Studies reporting neurological function using the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scale, as well as assessments of cavity area, lesion area, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) levels, were included in the analysis.Results:A total of 46 studies were ultimately selected for inclusion. The results of the study showed that rats with SCI that received ChABC therapy exhibited a significant improvement in locomotor function after 7 days compared with controls (32 studies, weighted mean difference (WMD) = 0.58, [0.33, 0.83], p < 0.00001). Furthermore, the benefits of ChABC therapy were maintained for up to 28 days according to BBB scale. The lesion area was reduced by ChABC (5 studies, WMD = −20.94, [−28.42, −13.46], p < 0.00001). Meanwhile, GFAP levels were reduced in the ChABC treatment group (8 studies, WMD = −29.15, [−41.57, −16.72], p < 0.00001). Cavity area is not statistically significant. The subgroup analysis recommended that a single injection of 10 μL (8 studies, WMD = 2.82, [1.99, 3.65], p < 0.00001) or 20 U/mL (4 studies, WMD = 2.21, [0.73, 3.70], p = 0.003) had a better effect on improving the function. The funnel plot of the BBB scale was found to be essentially symmetrical, indicating a low risk of publication bias.Conclusions:This systematic review and meta-analysis has indicated that ChABC could improve functional recovery in rats after SCI.

ABSTRACTContextSpinal cord injury (SCI) is a potentially fatal neurological disease with severe complications and a high disability rate. An increasing number of animal experimental studies support the therapeutic effect of quercetin, which is a natural anti-inflammatory and antioxidant bioflavonoid.ObjectiveThis paper reviewed the therapeutic effect of quercetin on a rat SCI model and summarized the relevant mechanistic research.Data SourcesPubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Science Direct, WanFang Data, SinoMed databases, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and the Vip Journal Integration Platform were searched from their inception to April 2023 for animal experiments applying quercetin to treat SCI.Study SelectionBased on the PICOS criteria, a total of 18 eligible studies were included, of which 14 were high quality.ResultsIn this study, there was a gradual increase in effect based on the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) score after three days (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, gender differences also appeared in the efficacy of quercetin; males performed better than females (p = 0.008). Quercetin was also associated with improved inclined plane test score (p = 0.008). In terms of biochemical indicators, meta-analysis showed that MDA (p < 0.0001) and MPO (p = 0.0002) were significantly reduced after quercetin administration compared with the control group, and SOD levels were increased (p = 0.004). Mechanistically, quercetin facilitates the inhibition of oxidative stress, inflammation, autophagy and apoptosis that occur after SCI.ConclusionsGenerally, this systematic review suggests that quercetin has a neuroprotective effect on SCI.

ABSTRACT The conversion of red mud into valuable products remains an important issue to be addressed. Inorganic polymers from red mud and slag system were investigated. Slag was substituted at [...]

ABSTRACT This paper presents a way to valorize red mud for the production of potential structural materials, using geopolymer technology. Several compositions of red mud geopolymers were prepared with sodium [...]

Purinostat Mesylate (PM) is a novel highly selective and active HDAC I/IIb inhibitor, and the injectable formulation of PM (PMF) based on the compound prescription containing cyclodextrin completely can overcome PM's poor solubility and improves its stability and pharmacokinetic properties. Here, we showed that PM effectively repressed the survival of Ph+leukemia cells and CD34+leukemia cells from CML patients in vitro. In vivostudies demonstrated that PMF significantly prevented BCR-ABL(T315I) induced CML progression by restraining leukemia stem cells (LSCs), which are insensitive to chemotherapy and responsible for CML relapse. Mechanism studies revealed that targeting HDAC I/IIb repressed several important factors for LSCs survival including c-Myc, β-Catenin, E2f, Ezh2, Alox5, and mTOR, as well as interrupted some critical biologic processes. Additionally, PMF increased glutamate metabolism in LSCs by increasing GLS1. The combination of PMF and glutaminase inhibitor BPTES synergistically eradicated LSCs by altering multiple key proteins and signaling pathways which are critical for LSC survival and self-renewal. Overall, our findings represent a new therapeutic strategy for eliminating LSCs by targeting HDAC I/IIb and glutaminolysis, which potentially provides a guidance for PMF clinical trials in the future for TKI resistance CML patients.

A one-pot strategy for α-keto amide bond formation have been developed by using ynamides as coupling reagents under extremely mild reaction conditions. Diversely structural α-ketoamides were afforded in up to 98% yield for 36 examples. This reaction features advantages such as practical coupling procedure, wide functional group tolerance, and extremely mild conditions and has potential applications in synthetic and medicinal chemistry.

In this study, we described a series of 2,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decan-1-one derivatives as selective TYK2/JAK1 inhibitors. Systematic exploration of the structure–activity relationship through the introduction of spirocyclic scaffolds based on the reported selective TYK2 inhibitor 14lled to the discovery of the superior derivative compound 48. Compound 48showed excellent potency on TYK2/JAK1 kinases with IC50values of 6 and 37 nM, respectively, and exhibited more than 23-fold selectivity for JAK2. Compound 48also demonstrated excellent metabolic stability and more potent anti-inflammatory efficacy than tofacitinib in acute ulcerative colitis models. Moreover, the excellent anti-inflammatory effect of compound 48was mediated by regulating the expression of related TYK2/JAK1-regulated genes, as well as the formation of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that compound 48is a selective dual TYK2/JAK inhibitor, deserving to be developed as a clinical candidate.

Objective: This study aimed to determine whether the prevalence of thyroid nodules (TNs) increased due to modern lifestyles or other factors, despite the advances in screening and diagnostic tools. Methods: This study included 3474 pairs of participants, who were matched by gender and age (±3 years) from two cross-sectional sampling surveys: (1) the program on the iodine nutritional status and related health status of residents in Shanghai in 2009; (2) the thyroid disease screening program for adults in Shanghai between 2017 and 2018. The prevalence of TNs and thyroid diseases in 2009 and 2017–2018 were compared, and the potential risk factors of TNs were detected. Results: The prevalence of TNs in 2009 was 28.9%: 22.5% in males and 34.5% in females. In 2017, this increased to 43.8%: 37.9% in males and 49.1% in females. The prevalence of TNs significantly increased from 2009 to 2017 (odds ratio, 1.486; 95% confidence interval, 1.238–1.786). In addition, female gender, thyroid disease history, and age were the main risk factors for TNs after adjusting for confounders in the logistic regression across the time period. Conclusion: The prevalence of TNs significantly increased across nearly 10 years in Shanghai.

A straightforward and efficient methodology has been developed for the synthesis of 1,4,5-trisubstituted dicarbonyl 1,2,3-triazoles and 1,4-disubstituted sole-carbonyl 1,2,3-triazoles via a C–C bond cleavage process. The Regitz diazo transfer and C–C bond cleavage were the key steps of this transformation, which provided diverse carbonyl-substituted structural 1,2,3-triazoles. This reaction featured with excellent regioselectivity, wide functional group tolerance, and mild conditions.

An efficient strategy have been developed for the synthesis of fully substituted 1,2,3‐triazoles and 1,5‐disubstituted 1,2,3‐triazoles subsequently by C−C bond cleavage. Regitz diazo‐transfer and C−C bond cleavage process were involved in this reaction to give 1,2,3‐triazoles with good substrate tolerance. This protocol provideed a facile and an expeditious approach for the assembly of diversely structural 1,2,3‐triazoles. An efficient strategy have been developed for the synthesisof fully substituted 1,2,3‐triazoles and 1,5‐disubstituted 1,2,3‐triazoles subsequently by C−C bond cleavage.

An active miniature inverted-repeat transposable element (MITE), MCLas-A, was previously identified from ‘CandidatusLiberibacter asiaticus’ known to be associated with citrus Huanglongbing (HLB, yellow shoot disease). To explore the recent transposition status of MCLas-A, 389 ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ strains collected from nine regions in China were amplified using a specific primer set and three representative ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ strains were analyzed by next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach. PCR and genomic analysis showed that the entire MCLas-A was only present in 1.80% (7/389) and the jumping-out type of the MITE was predominant (81.23%) in samples tested, suggesting high frequency transposition occurred in ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ strains recently collected from China. Biological roles of transposition of the active MITE remain to be determined.

Abstract

Two typical coatings (nickel-based and iron-based) were successfully fabricated on AISI 304 stainless steel via cold metal transfer process as alternative materials with superior wear and cavitation erosion resistance, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and electron backscattering diffraction were performed to characterize the morphologies, phase composition and crystallographic textures. Subsequently, tribology, cavitation erosion as well as corrosion tests were carried out to analyze the applicability of the coatings in various environments. Experimental results showed that the coatings exhibited few defects and an excellent metallurgical bonding with the substrate, and possessed the strong textural features. The microhardness of the coatings was ∼ 3 times higher than that of the substrate, and the microhardness of nickel-based coating was more stable than that of the iron-based one. Combining with the cumulative volume/weight loss and morphologies, the wear and cavitation erosion resistance of the coatings and substrate were compared, and failure mechanisms were proposed. It was found that the cumulative volume/weight loss of the coatings are one order of magnitude lower than that of the substrate. The combination of toughness and fine dispersed carbides had guaranteed the higher wear resistance of iron-based coating, while the formed massive phases of nickel-based coating played a significant role in the cavitation erosion and corrosion resistance.

An efficient RuII‐catalyzed C−H bond redox‐neutral annulation of N‐nitrosoanilines with alkynes by employing water as the solvent has been developed. This transformation provides an easy and robust protocol for the synthesis of indoles with a broad range of functional group tolerance and excellent regioselectivity. Water sports: An efficient ruthenium(II)‐catalyzed C−H bond redox‐neutral annulation of N‐nitrosoanilines with alkynes by employing water as the solvent has been developed. This transformation provides an easy and robust protocol for the synthesis of indoles with a broad range of functional group tolerance and excellent regioselectivity.

Myelin sheaths play important roles in neuronal functions. In the central nervous system (CNS), the myelin is formed by oligodendrocytes (OLs), which are differentiated from oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). In CNS demyelinating disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS), the myelin sheaths are damaged and the remyelination process is hindered. Small molecule drugs that promote OPC to OL differentiation and remyelination may provide a new way to treat these demyelinating diseases. Here we report that donepezil, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AChEI) developed for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), significantly promotes OPC to OL differentiation. Interestingly, other AChEIs, including huperzine A, rivastigmine, and tacrine, have no such effect, indicating that donepezil’s effect in promoting OPC differentiation is not dependent on the inhibition of AChE. Donepezil also facilitates the formation of myelin sheaths in OPC–DRG neuron co-culture. More interestingly, donepezil also promotes the repair of the myelin sheaths in vivo and provides significant therapeutic effect in a cuprizone-mediated demyelination animal model. Donepezil is a drug that has been used to treat AD safely for many years; our findings suggest that it might be repurposed to treat CNS demyelinating diseases such as MS by promoting OPC to OL differentiation and remyelination.

As a highly hydrophobic and good environmental durable material, silicone nanofilaments have shown great advantages in the construction of superhydrophobic coatings. However, the synthesis of these materials has always been limited to the application of trifunctional organosilane monomers under the action of acidic catalysts. For the first time, long-chain polymeric hydrogenated siloxane-poly(methyl-hydrosiloxane) (PMHS) was used to synthesize rapidly silicone nanofilaments in situ under alkaline conditions. A dense silicone nanofilament coating was obtained by PMHS + geopolymer layer on a smooth iron sheet, and achieved by one-step brushing of PMHS on the surface of a just-solidified alkali-activated metakaolin-based geopolymer coating at 120 °C for an hour of sealed curing. This composite coating was followed by a superhydrophobic composite coating with a contact angle of approximately 161° and a rolling angle of 2°. Consistent with this, laser scanning confocal microscopy and field-emission scanning electron microscopy images show the presence of micro- and nanoscale features that enable the entrapment of air when exposed to water and endow excellent superhydrophobic properties. Because geopolymer material has good adhesion ability with metal, ceramic, or other materials, the composite superhydrophobic coating is expected to be widely used.

Human liver or hepatocyte transplantation is limited by a severe shortage of donor organs. Direct reprogramming of other adult cells into hepatic cells may offer a solution to this problem. In a previous study, we have generated hepatocyte-like cells from mouse fibroblasts using only one transcription factor (TF) plus a chemical cocktail. Here, we show that human urine-derived epithelial-like cells (hUCs) can also be transdifferentiated into human hepatocyte-like cells (hiHeps) using one TF (Foxa3, Hnf1α, or Hnf4α) plus the same chemical cocktail CRVPTD (C, CHIR99021; R, RepSox; V, VPA; P, Parnate; T, TTNPB; and D, Dznep). These hiHeps express multiple hepatocyte-specific genes and display functions characteristic of mature hepatocytes. With the introduction of the large T antigen, these hiHeps can be expanded in vitro and can restore liver function in mice with concanavalin-A-induced acute liver failure. Our study provides a strategy to generate functional hepatocyte-like cells from hUCs by using a single TF plus a chemical cocktail.

In recent years, zeolite membrane has developed rapidly in the application of water treatment technology. However, the traditional zeolite membrane preparation process has the shortcomings of high temperature hydrothermal and other complex processes, which hinder its potential for large-scale industrial applications. In this study, a metakaolin/slag composite NaA zeolite membrane (GNaAM-20) on stainless steel substrate was prepared by composite geopolymer (metakaolin mixed with 20% slag) in a low-temperature water bath method, and GNaAM-20 was applied to the dynamic separation of Ca2+from hard water. In this work, the mechanical strength (10.08 MPa) and crystallinity (92.13%) of composite zeolite membrane were enhanced by adjusting the slag content, so that a compact and higher removal efficiency zeolite membrane was prepared. The results showed that the GNaAM-20 had excellent acid resistance (pH = 1) with a removal efficiency of 92.03%, and the Ca2+average removal efficiency by dynamic filtration after ten times of filtration (500 mL per filtration) was 91.2% using a 500 mg·L−1Ca2+solution. The maximum dynamic membrane adsorption capacity of GNaAM-20 was 102.54 mg·g−1. Compared with powder or gel adsorbents. GNaAM-20 virtually maintained its initial removal abilities after 5 regeneration cycles (average removal rate of more than 95%), and it had more significant advantages in terms of recycling and regeneration. Therefore, this study provides new ideas for achieving hard water softening and provides scientific guidance for industrial production.

Sclerosing stromal tumor of the ovary (SSTO) is a rare benign neoplasm of the ovary, accounting for about 6% of all sex cord stromal ovarian tumors. Only 17 cases of SSTO occurring during pregnancy have been reported to date. We report a case of SSTO occurring during pregnancy and review the existing literature. A 32-year-old pregnant woman was found to have a 10-cm solid mass in the right adnexa, and a large volume of ascites fluid was detected by ultrasound examination in the second trimester. The patient underwent abdominal puncture to relieve her symptoms in the second trimester, and a partial right oophorectomy and cesarean section were performed at 39 weeks of gestation. Final pathology confirmed the diagnosis of SSTO. Both the mother and baby were well at 6 months of postpartum follow-up. Clinical symptoms, and hormone and imaging examinations are all helpful in making a differential diagnosis of SSTO, but the unique histopathological and immunohistochemistry findings remain the main diagnostic features. Pregnant women with SSTO usually undergo enucleation or unilateral oophorectomy, which generally does not have adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Despite the success in decreasing varicella-related disease burden, live-attenuated Oka vaccine strain of varicella-zoster virus (vOka) remains neuro-virulence and may establish latency and reactivate, raising safety concerns. Here we aimed to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a skin- and neuro-attenuated varicella vaccine candidate (v7D).

The search and development of anti-HIV drugs is currently one of the most urgent tasks of pharmacological studies. In this work, a quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) model based on some new norm indexes, was obtained to a series of more than 150 HEPT derivatives (1-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-6-(phenylthio)thymine) to find their pEC50(the required effective concentration to achieve 50% protection of MT-4 cells against the cytopathic effect of virus) and pCC50(the required cytotoxic concentration to reduce visibility of 50% mock infected cell) activities. The model efficiencies were then validated using the leave-one-out cross validation (LOO-CV) and y-randomization test. Results indicated that this new model was efficient and could provide satisfactory results for prediction of pEC50and pCC50with the higher Rtrain2and the higher Rtest2. By using the leverage approach, the applicability domain of this model was further investigated and no response outlier was detected for HEPT derivatives involved in this work. Comparison results with reference methods demonstrated that this new method could result in significant improvements for predicting pEC50and pCC50of anti-HIV HEPT derivatives. Moreover, results shown in this present study suggested that these two absolutely different activities pEC50and pCC50of anti-HIV HEPT derivatives could be predicted well with a totally similar QSAR model, which indicated that this model might have the potential to be further utilized for other biological activities of HEPT derivatives.

Micro-arc oxidation coating on TC4 titanium alloy was fabricated in Na2SiO3-Na3PO4 -NaOH electrolyte under constant voltage mode using a multifunctional device that is self-designed. The effects of negative duty cycle on the coating thickness, surface morphology, hardness, phase composition and anti-corrosion were studied via SEM, XRD etc. The results show that, with increasing the negative duty cycle, the coating thickness is reduced; the coating surface presents typical ceramic structure with micro-pores, the quantity of micro-pores on coating surface is reduced, the diameter of pores is enlarged and cracks are appeared with the increase of negative duty cycle; the phase ingredients are mainly composed of Ti, rutile and anatase TiO2 and the peak of matrix is disappeared while the dc is added to 45%; the hardness and corrosion resistance of coatings are distinctly improved compared with the matrix, with increasing the dc, the coating hardness is strengthened while the anti-corrosion is weakened.

A hydrophobic surface was fabricated on a micro-arc oxidation (MAO) treated AZ31 Mg alloys via surface modification with myristic acid. The effects of modification time on the wettability of the coatings were investigated using the contact angle measuring device. The surface morphologies and structure of the coatings were evaluated using SEM, XRD and FT-IR. The corrosion resistance was investigated by potentiodynamic polarization curves and long-term immersion test. The results showed that the water contact angle (CA) increases gradually with modification time from 0 to 5 h, the highest CA reaches 138° after being modified for 5 h, and the number and size of the micro pores are decreased. The modification method hardly alters crystalline structure of the MAO coating, but improves the corrosion resistance based on the much positive potential and low current density. Moreover, the corrosion resistance and hydrophobicity can be enhanced with increasing the alkyl chain. The wetting and spreading for the alkylcarboxylate with low surface energy become easier on the micro-porous surface, and alkylcarboxylate monolayer will be formed through bidentate bonding, which changes the surface micropores to a sealing or semi-sealing structure and makes the MAO coating dense and hydrophobic. All the results demonstrate that the modification process improves the corrosion protection ability of the MAO coating on AZ31B Mg alloy.

ABSTRACTA dose-escalation, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 1 clinical trial enrolled 145 eligible participants aged 18–55 years in March 2015 in Liuzhou, China. Stratified by age and sex, the participants were randomly assigned to receive either 30, 60, or 90 μg of the HPV-6/11 vaccine (n = 41/40/40) or the parallel placebo vaccine (n = 8/8/8) with a 0/1/6-month dose-escalation schedule. Participants were actively followed-up to record local and systemic AEs occurring within 30 days after each vaccination, and SAEs occurred in 7 months. Blood and urine samples of each participant were collected before and 2 days after the first and third vaccination to determine changes in routine blood, serum biochemical, and urine indexes. Serum HPV-6/11-specific IgG and neutralizing antibody levels at month 7 were analyzed. A total of 79 adverse events were reported, and no SAEs occurred. The incidences of total adverse reactions in the 30 μg, 60 μg, and 90 μg HPV vaccine groups and the control group were 31.7%, 50.0%, 42.5%, and 62.5%, respectively. All but one of the adverse reactions was mild or moderate with grade 1 or 2. No vaccine-related changes with clinical significance were found in paired blood and urine indexes before and after vaccinations. All the participants in the per-protocol set seroconverted at month 7 for both IgG and neutralizing antibodies. The candidate novel Escherichia-coli-produced bivalent HPV-6/11 vaccine has been preliminarily proven to be well tolerated and with robust immunogenicity in a phase 1 clinical study, supporting further trials with larger sample size. The study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02405520)

An efficient base‐promoted approach for the synthesis of pyrido[1,2‐a]pyrimidinones from ynones and 2‐methylpyrimidin‐4‐ols have been developed via the C−N and C−C formation procedure. Diversely structural pyrido[1,2‐a]pyrimidinones were afforded in up to 95% yield for 29 examples. This reaction featured with advantages such as practical tandem procedure, wide functional group tolerance and metal‐free conditions, which has potential application in synthetic and medicinal chemistry. An efficient base‐promoted approachfor the synthesis of pyrido[1,2‐a]pyrimidinones from ynones and 2‐methylpyrimidin‐4‐ols has been developed by the C−N and C−C formation procedure.

Central continuous heating is widely used in China. Due to the large heating area, the indoor temperatures of the buildings with the same heat source are quite different, which affects comfort and wastes energy. This paper proposes a subsection intermittent heating method, that is, an intermittent heating method is used for overheated buildings. During the period, when the overheated buildings stop heating, the hot water originally supplied to the overheated buildings is supplied to the underheated buildings. We investigated the indoor temperatures of some actual buildings in Daqing city. Accordingly, a comfortable indoor temperature range was determined. The indoor temperature and heating energy consumption of overheated and underheated buildings with zoned intermittent heating were simulated using EnergyPlus. The results show that the interval time has important effects on the indoor temperature and energy consumption of overheated buildings. The most ideal partitioned intermittent heating regulation method is to stop heating (at 5 o’clock) for 3 h and then resume heating for 5 h. When the area ratios of overheated buildings and underheated buildings are 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1, the average indoor temperatures of underheated buildings can be increased from 16 °C to 17.65 °C, 19.05 °C, and 21.02 °C, respectively. The hot water temperature and insulation thickness have significant effects on the indoor temperature of underheated buildings.

Resistance spot welding is used extensively in auto industry. Every commercial vehicle has 4000-5000 spot welds. The weld ability, performance, and reliability are therefore important issues in design. Tensile-shear tests are normally performed to evaluate the weld quality and acquire the mechanical strength of spot welds. However, different industry test standards often specify different dimensions for the tensile-shear specimen. In this work, we investigate the failure load and energy absorption of the spot welds made of Q235 steel using tensile-shear specimens of different dimensions. The objective is (a) to determine a specimen dimension independent geometry for failure strength, and (2) to call attention to the deficiency of some of the test standards.

Resistance spot welding is used extensively in auto industry. Every commercial vehicle has 4000-5000 spot welds. The weld ability, performance, and reliability are therefore important issues in design. In this paper, we studied weld nugget formation and failure behavior of three-sheet 5052 aluminum alloy resistance spot welds. The Peltier effect between the Cu-Al (the electrode and the Al worksheet) to the nugget formation was noticed. The mechanical strength and fracture mode of the weld nuggets at the upper and lower interfaces were studied using tensile shear specimen configuration. Three failure modes were identified, namely, interfacial, mixed, and pull-out. The critical welding time and critical nugget diameter corresponding to the transitions of these modes were investigated. Finally, an empirical failure load formula for three-sheet weld similar to two-sheet spot weld was developed.

Polarized structure color from thin dielectric gratings on an aluminum film is investigated. In the visible range, the −1st-order reflection of transverse electric (TE) light is higher than that of transverse magnetic (TM) light. Accordingly, the zeroth-order reflections for both polarizations behave distinctively such that TE-polarized light is chromatic while that for TM-polarized light is nearly white. Such chromatic and polarizing reflection predominantly comes from the Fabry–Perot interference between the interfaces of air/dielectric gratings and dielectric gratings/the metal region, which inhibits TM diffraction while facilitating TE diffraction. By further patterning the grating with a mask of an “apple,” the central pattern is concealed when the polarization of the incident light is shifted from TE to TM. The characteristics of chromatic and polarizing reflection make this structure directly applicable in anticounterfeiting and decoration with the advantages of slim dimensions and easy fabrication.

This paper presents a lightweight index does not suspend services online update program, and demonstrate the performance of the index update program from the theoretical analysis and experimental data in two ways. A new method of MapReduce existing index methodology based on this design and further discussion are done in the paper, in the index MapReduce and Hadoop MapReduce feasibility aspects, the design flaws through experimentation.

This paper presents a collision algorithm based on frame slots RFID tag identification and prevention, algorithms on performance is more stable, less total cost of the number of time slots. For the anti-collision algorithm for the simulation, the average number of searches were simulated contrast of the number of tags and the number of slots and different algorithms collision situations relations, research results show that this type of algorithm is effective in reducing the identification number of the reader's request to reduce the energy consumed by the reader, particularly suitable for applications in handheld reader today.

NaClO is chosen as the best oxygen among Ca (ClO)2 and ClO2.The best experimental factors were achieved through the single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment, according to these factors, the actual wastewater project was verified. The results showed that the removal rate of ammonia-nitrogen was above 90% when the matter amounts rate was 2:7, pH=9 and the react time was 60min. Considering the operation cost, the best reaction parameters were that the matter amounts rate was 2:3, pH=7 and the react time was 30min in the actual wastewater project.

The carbon fiber reinforced geopolymer composites were synthesized with metakaolin, water glass and short carbon fibers. The surface treatment short carbon fibers are homogeneously distributed in the geopolymer matrix. The composites exhibit excellent mechanical properties and electrical conductivity. The flexural strength of the Cf /geopolymer composites reached 27 MPa with carbon fiber content of 2.78 %, and its electrical conductivity are increased from 10-5 to 10-1 S.m-1. However, when the carbon fiber content exceeded 4.15 %, the conductivity of the composites kept a constant.

The magnetic Fe2O3 nanoparticles were prepared by co-precipitation method with FeCl3 and NaOH as starting reagents. The surface of Fe2O3 nanoparticles was modified with tetraethyl orthosilicate. Fe2O3@SiO2 nanocomposites were calcined at 600 °C. The nanocomposites were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The PLL-Fe2O3@SiO2 (SMNP) was prepared by modifying with poly-L-lysine on the surface. The SMNP combined with plasmid siRNA by static electrical charges as one of gene carriers was transfected into SD rat neurons. The results of fluorescence microscope and Prussian blue staining show that SMNP can effectively enter cells. Therefore, SMNP are one kind of novel and effective gene carriers, it can transfect the plasmid which carries the siRNA into SD rats neurons in vitro.

For air fan and water pump load, variable voltage and variable frequency (VVVF) energy-saving effect is very significant. This paper focuses on the study of energy-saving effect implemented by converter of the motor at constant torque load. In order to analyze the influence of the loss controlled by the voltage and frequency in detail, we obtain the theoretical calculation formula of total loss and input power by means of the classification of power loss of asynchronous motor under the cantilever equivalent circuit, take a 5.5kW motor as an example, a series of experimental schemes are designed and the general change rules of total loss and input power are studied respectively with the different voltage to frequency ratio. The results show that the measured values are basically accordant with the theoretical calculation value. On different conditions of voltage frequency ratio, optimal value exists in the total loss instead of input power.

We used surface treatment technology to handle wasted polyurethane foam in this paper. And made out a series of new oil absorbed foams to realize the waste reused. We used the following two technical schemes to improve oil absorption of the polyurethane foam: 1 Dealing polyurethane foam with tung oil;2 Dealing polyurethane foam with tung oil and organic silicon compoundly. Study shows the oil absorbency is up to 22.4 times when using tung oil, at the same time when the concentration of organic silicon is 1:5 , the oil absorbency is 16 times. The oil absorption effect of polyurethane soft foam which experiences the twenty-minute tung oil processing is the best.

To address the problem of planning complete coverage paths for mowing robots that have the greatest coverage rates and the lowest repetitive rates, we proposed an improved back propagation neural network algorithm based on priority traversal thoughts for local path planning. The algorithm based on plowing global path planning. We adopted grid method to model the environment and used Matlab2010a to simulate for the algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can make the mowing robot walk out of dead zone, the dead zone was composed of obstacle grid or the grid that had been cut around this area, and achieve the complete coverage path planning.

In this paper, the NiCu alloy coatings were electroplated on the 304 stainless steel coupon. The XRD was used to identify the phase structure of the as-prepared products. The SEM and EDS were used to observe the surface morphology of the as-prepared coatings and the atomic composition of the as-prepared coatings, respectively. The influences of the current density on the as-plated NiCu coatings are systematically researched. It was found that the moderate current density is beneficial to the compactness of the coatings. The content of the copper decreased and that of the nickel increased with the increasing of the current density. When the current density is smaller than 40 mA/cm2, the contents of nickel and copper vary apparently. When the current density is larger than 40 mA/cm2, the contents of nickel and copper vary slightly. That means the copper is more easily deposited at low current density and the nickel is more easily deposited at high current density.

Subterranean herbivores affect the plant community by plant consumption and burrowing activities. However, diet selection of subterranean herbivores has not been studied in detail in complex natural fields, mainly for lack of an accurate method to determine diet species, frequency, and biomass. Plateau zokors' (Eospalax baileyi) caching habit for the long inclement winter makes it possible to solve this problem. We studied the diet composition and biomass in caches and vicinity of plateau zokors' burrow systems. We found that plateau zokors are dietary generalist but show a significant selection among the available food items, plant parts, functional groups, organ types, and habitats. These results suggested that plateau zokors strictly selected their diet and were able to adjust their foraging strategy according to the different conditions of food abundance and quality. Plateau zokors' selective foraging can directly reduce the proportion of toxicity forbs; plateau zokors can be recognized as an important element to influence the alpine meadow plant community and cattle husbandry.

A duplex-layered phosphate conversion coating was obtained on AZ31Mg alloy through a phosphate bath with citric. Morphology, composition and corrosion behavior of the coating immersed into 3.5% NaCl solution for various time were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and electrochemical method. The results show that the coating is completely degraded after immersed in NaCl solution for 48h. The corrosion mediums mainly peel coating through the cracks among particles. The phosphate coating is damaged and falls out primarily, then the intermediate layer is degraded, and the substrate happens to dissolve with increasing of immersion time.

To obtain low-Si/Al-ratio geopolymers and overcome the disadvantage of impure raw materials, amorphous Al2O3-SiO2 powder was first prepared using a sol-gel method in accordance with specially designed chemical compositions. The composition of the geopolymers was designed according to the NaA zeolite composition (Si/Al/Na atom ratio is 1:1:1), and the zeolite crystal structure was obtained by geopolymers with high Na/Al ratios through hydrothermal processing at 90oC for 6 h. The geopolymers with Si/Al ratios ranging from 0.9 to 1.05 exhibited amorphous structures after being cured at 60oC for 24 h; however, the geopolymer sample with a Si/Al ratio of 1.1 exhibited crystallization. After the hydrothermal treatment of these geopolymers , the XRD, SEM and NMR results show that the phase structure of the geopolymers may transform into a crystalline structure under appropriate compositions and external conditions. Hence, the alkalinity, Si/Al ratio and hydrothermal conditions determined the crystallinity of the geopolymers that were synthesized.

In this work, the geopolymer based inorganic membranes, as a kind of new inorganic membranes, were synthesized with water-glass, metakaolin and deionized water. The resulting membranes were characterized by SEM, water flux and pore size. The results show that the membranes have high strength and water flux when these membranes were fabricated under the preparation condition: water-glass modulus of 1.1, Na/Al molar ratio of 0.8 and H2O/Na2O molar ratio of 18. Keywords:Geopolymer; Inorganic membranes; Preparation; Characterization

Traffic engineering products have two major functions: to guild and indicate signals, they can directly affect drivers vision and mind, its chromaticity characteristics are important parameters index, also those products are the significant parts of active safety. The current traffic engineering products chromaticity test depends on people to trace points in the printed paper to judge whether the parameter is qualified or not. According to the defects, the author developed a set of chromaticity test softwares about traffic engineering products, aiming to improve measurement accuracy and test efficiency. And these softwares have already successfully been operating in the test of traffic engineering products.

This article briefly introduces the iron ore grinding classification process and analyzes the distribution of mining energy consumption. To realize the energy conservation of the mill by using genetic BP neural network, we make MATLAB simulation test. It shows feasibility and superiority of the control scheme, which has some meaning for energy conservation and reducing consumption of iron mine.

Through the surface temperature (SST), sea chlorophyll and ocean current data got by satellite remote sensing inversion technology, and the statistic of fishing boat in the North Pacific from 2006 to 2011, this paper analyzes the relationship of marine environment and squid fishing fisheries fluctuate in North Pacific Ocean. It is determined that the sea surface temperature scope of high squid fisheries is 10~22°C, and the appropriate temperature is 18~20°C. The chlorophyll density of squid fish is approximately 0.02~0.40mg/m3.The frequency is the highest when the chlorophyll density is between 0.08~0.24 mg/m3. GAM module analysis indicates that neon flying squid the relation of the entertainment factor and north feeding migration every June to August and South action every October to November has different features. There is a positive correlation between SST and neon flying squid catch while north feeding migration. It is a negative correlation while going south. And there is a good correspondence between the distribution of chlorophyll and the distribution of the fish catch of core fishery. Fish catch doesn`t has great change as with longitude, but it correspond well with the latitude.

The chemical oxygen demand was over standard seriously due to residual organic additives in sulfonated drilling wastewater, especially sulfonated phenolic resin with hardly degradable chemical structure. The novel solar-assisted catalytic oxidation process was developed to remove the organic pollutants in sulfonated drilling wastewater. The factors including irradiation light source, oxidant, Fe2+, were investigated. The results showed that, solar has more catalytic effects than UV on H2O2-K2S2O8/Fe2+ system, H2O2- K2S2O8/Fe2+ system was more effective in degrading organic pollutants than H2O2/Fe2+ and K2S2O8/Fe2+, in which the synergies occurred between H2O2 and K2S2O8 in the solar-assisted catalytic oxidation process. The removal amount of organic pollutants was increased with the dosage of Fe2+ additon. With the catalytic oxidation process developed, the COD was reduced to 114.4 mg·L-1. Meanwhile, the sulfonated phenolic resin was completely destroyed, and heavy metal was decreased significantly.

Piezoelectric ceramics sheets are used to excite and receive ultrasonic guided waves in a steel bar. The multi-modes and disperse characteristics of guided waves within that are investigated theoretically and experimentally. The results show that ultrasonic guided waves can be generated and received by piezoelectric ceramics sheets which can be used to measure the length of the steel bar and detect the defection in it.