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1. Re-treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C who do not respond to peginterferon-[alpha]2b: a randomized trial

Author

Jensen, Donald M., Marcellin, Patrick, Freilich, Bradley, Andreone, Pietro, Bisceglie, Adrian Di, Brandao-Mello, Carlos E., Reddy, K. Rajender, Craxi, Antonio, Martin, Antonio Olveira, Teuber, Gerlinde, Messinger, Diethelm, Thommes, James A., and Tietz, Andreas

Subjects
Hepatitis C -- Drug therapy, Hepatitis C -- Development and progression, Chronic diseases -- Drug therapy, Chronic diseases -- Development and progression, Peginterferon alfa-2b -- Dosage and administration, Health
Abstract

Background: Many patients with chronic hepatitis C have not responded to therapy with pegylated interferon plus ribavirin. Objective: To evaluate use of peginterferon-[alpha]2a plus ribavirin to re-treat nonresponders to peginterferon-[alpha]2b plus ribavirin. Design: Randomized, parallel-group trial conducted between September 2003 and February 2007. Patients and researchers were not blinded to intervention assignment. Random assignment was centralized, computer-generated, and stratified by geographic region, hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype, and histologic diagnosis. Setting: 106 international centers. Patients: 950 nonresponders to 12 of more weeks of therapy with peginterferon-[alpha]2b plus ribavirin. Intervention: Peginterferon-[alpha]2a, 360 [micro]g/wk, for 12 weeks, then 180 [micro]g/wk to complete 72 weeks (group A) of 48 weeks (group B), of peginterferon-[alpha]2a, 180/[micro]g/wk for 72 weeks (group C) or 48 weeks (group D). All patients received ribavirin, 1000 or 1200 mg/d. Measurements: Sustained virologic response (SVR), defined as undetectable ( Results: The SVR rates in groups A (n = 317), B (n = 156), C (n = 156), and D (n = 313) were 16%, 7%, 14%, and 9%, respectively (relative risk [RR] for group A vs. group D [the primary comparison], 1.80 [95% Cl, 1.17 to 2.77]; P = 0.006). Extended treatment duration increased SVR rates (16% for 72 weeks [groups A and C] vs. 8% for 48 weeks [groups B and D]; RR, 2.00 [CI, 1.32 to 3.02]; P< 0.001). Complete viral suppression (HCV RNA level Limitation: Nonresponders to peginterferon-[alpha]2a plus ribavirin were not evaluated. Conclusion: Re-treating nonresponders to therapy with peginterferon-[alpha]2b plus ribavirin for 72 weeks significantly increases SVR rates compared with re-treating them for 48 weeks. The overall SVR rate was low, but patients who ate most likely to respond to re-treatment can be identified at week 12. Primary Funding Source: Roche.

Published
2009

2. Global change in hepatitis C virus prevalence and cascade of care between 2015 and 2020: a modelling study

Author

Blach, Sarah, Terrault, Norah A, Tacke, Frank, Gamkrelidze, Ivane, Craxi, Antonio, Tanaka, Junko, Waked, Imam, Dore, Gregory J, Abbas, Zaigham, Abdallah, Ayat R, Abdulla, Maheeba, Aghemo, Alessio, Aho, Inka, Akarca, Ulus S, Alalwan, Abduljaleel M, Alanko Blomé, Marianne, Al-Busafi, Said A, Aleman, Soo, Alghamdi, Abdullah S, Al-Hamoudi, Waleed K, Aljumah, Abdulrahman A, Al-Naamani, Khalid, Al Serkal, Yousif M, Altraif, Ibrahim H, Anand, Anil C, Anderson, Motswedi, Andersson, Monique I, Athanasakis, Kostas, Baatarkhuu, Oidov, Bakieva, Shokhista R, Ben-Ari, Ziv, Bessone, Fernando, Biondi, Mia J, Bizri, Abdul Rahman N, Brandão-Mello, Carlos E, Brigida, Krestina, Brown, Kimberly A, Brown, Robert S, Jr, Bruggmann, Philip, Brunetto, Maurizia R, Busschots, Dana, Buti, Maria, Butsashvili, Maia, Cabezas, Joaquin, Chae, Chungman, Chaloska Ivanova, Viktorija, Chan, Henry Lik Yuen, Cheinquer, Hugo, Cheng, Kent Jason, Cheon, Myeong-Eun, Chien, Cheng-Hung, Chien, Rong-Nan, Choudhuri, Gourdas, Christensen, Peer Brehm, Chuang, Wan-Long, Chulanov, Vladimir, Cisneros, Laura E, Coco, Barbara, Contreras, Fernando A, Cornberg, Markus, Cramp, Matthew E, Crespo, Javier, Cui, Fuqiang, Cunningham, Chris W, Dagher Abou, Lucy, Dalgard, Olav, Dao, Doan Y, De Ledinghen, Victor, Derbala, Moutaz F, Deuba, Keshab, Dhindsa, Karan, Djauzi, Samsuridjal, Drazilova, Sylvia, Duberg, Ann-Sofi, Elbadri, Mohammed, El-Sayed, Manal H, Esmat, Gamal, Estes, Chris, Ezzat, Sameera, Färkkilä, Martti A, Ferradini, Laurent, Ferraz, Maria Lucia G, Ferreira, Paulo R A, Filipec Kanizaj, Tajana, Flisiak, Robert, Frankova, Sona, Fung, James, Gamkrelidze, Amiran, Gane, Edward, Garcia, Virginia, García-Samaniego, Javier, Gemilyan, Manik, Genov, Jordan, Gheorghe, Liliana S, Gholam, Pierre M, Goldis, Adrian, Gottfredsson, Magnus, Gray, Richard T, Grebely, Jason, Gschwantler, Michael, Hajarizadeh, Behzad, Hamid, Saeed S, Hamoudi, Waseem, Hatzakis, Angelos, Hellard, Margaret E, Himatt, Sayed, Hofer, Harald, Hrstic, Irena, Hunyady, Bela, Husa, Petr, Husic-Selimovic, Azra, Jafri, Wasim S M, Janicko, Martin, Janjua, Naveed, Jarcuska, Peter, Jaroszewicz, Jerzy, Jerkeman, Anna, Jeruma, Agita, Jia, Jidong, Jonasson, Jon G, Kåberg, Martin, Kaita, Kelly D E, Kaliaskarova, Kulpash S, Kao, Jia-Horng, Kasymov, Omor T, Kelly-Hanku, Angela, Khamis, Faryal, Khamis, Jawad, Khan, Aamir G, Khandu, Lekey, Khoudri, Ibtissam, Kielland, Knut B, Kim, Do Young, Kodjoh, Nicolas, Kondili, Loreta A, Krajden, Mel, Krarup, Henrik Bygum, Kristian, Pavol, Kwon, Jisoo A, Lagging, Martin, Laleman, Wim, Lao, Wai Cheung, Lavanchy, Daniel, Lázaro, Pablo, Lazarus, Jeffrey V, Lee, Alice U, Lee, Mei-Hsuan, Li, Michael K K, Liakina, Valentina, Lim, Young-Suk, Löve, Arthur, Lukšić, Boris, Machekera, Shepherd Mufudzi, Malu, Abraham O, Marinho, Rui T, Maticic, Mojca, Mekonnen, Hailemichael D, Mendes-Correa, Maria Cássia, Mendez-Sanchez, Nahum, Merat, Shahin, Meshesha, Berhane Redae, Midgard, Håvard, Mills, Mike, Mohamed, Rosmawati, Mooneyhan, Ellen, Moreno, Christophe, Muljono, David H, Müllhaupt, Beat, Musabaev, Erkin, Muyldermans, Gaëtan, Nartey, Yvonne Ayerki, Naveira, Marcelo C M, Negro, Francesco, Nersesov, Alexander V, Njouom, Richard, Ntagirabiri, Rénovat, Nurmatov, Zuridin S, Obekpa, Solomon A, Oguche, Stephen, Olafsson, Sigurdur, Ong, Janus P, Opare-Sem, Ohene K, Orrego, Mauricio, Øvrehus, Anne L, Pan, Calvin Q, Papatheodoridis, George V, Peck-Radosavljevic, Markus, Pessoa, Mário G, Phillips, Richard O, Pimenov, Nikolay, Plaseska-Karanfilska, Dijana, Prabdial-Sing, Nishi N, Puri, Pankaj, Qureshi, Huma, Rahman, Aninda, Ramji, Alnoor, Razavi-Shearer, Devin M, Razavi-Shearer, Kathryn, Ridruejo, Ezequiel, Ríos-Hincapié, Cielo Y, Rizvi, S M Shahriar, Robaeys, Geert K M M, Roberts, Lewis R, Roberts, Stuart K, Ryder, Stephen D, Sadirova, Shakhlo, Saeed, Umar, Safadi, Rifaat, Sagalova, Olga, Said, Sanaa S, Salupere, Riina, Sanai, Faisal M, Sanchez-Avila, Juan F, Saraswat, Vivek A, Sarrazin, Christoph, Sarybayeva, Gulya, Seguin-Devaux, Carole, Sharara, Ala I, Sheikh, Mahdi, Shewaye, Abate B, Sievert, William, Simojoki, Kaarlo, Simonova, Marieta Y, Sonderup, Mark W, Spearman, C Wendy, Sperl, Jan, Stauber, Rudolf E, Stedman, Catherine A M, Su, Tung-Hung, Suleiman, Anita, Sypsa, Vana, Tamayo Antabak, Natalia, Tan, Soek-Siam, Tergast, Tammo L, Thurairajah, Prem H, Tolmane, Ieva, Tomasiewicz, Krzysztof, Tsereteli, Maia, Uzochukwu, Benjamin S C, Van De Vijver, David A M C, Van Santen, Daniela K, Van Vlierberghe, Hans, Van Welzen, Berend, Vanwolleghem, Thomas, Vélez-Möller, Patricia, Villamil, Federico, Vince, Adriana, Waheed, Yasir, Weis, Nina, Wong, Vincent W-S, Yaghi, Cesar G, Yesmembetov, Kakharman, Yosry, Ayman, Yuen, Man-Fung, Yunihastuti, Evy, Zeuzem, Stefan, Zuckerman, Eli, and Razavi, Homie A

Abstract

Since the release of the first global hepatitis elimination targets in 2016, and until the COVID-19 pandemic started in early 2020, many countries and territories were making progress toward hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination. This study aims to evaluate HCV burden in 2020, and forecast HCV burden by 2030 given current trends.

Published
2022
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3. Hepatitis C virus infection as a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis: a case-control study

Author

Simonetti, Rosa Giovanna, Camma, Calogero, Fiorello, Felice, Cottone, Mario, Rapicetta, Maria, Marino, Liliana, Fiorentino, Germana, Craxi, Antonio, Ciccaglione, Annarita, Giuseppetti, Roberto, Stroffolini, Tommaso, and Pagliaro, Luigi

Subjects
Hepatitis C -- Complications, Liver cancer -- Risk factors, Liver cirrhosis -- Complications, Health
Abstract

* Objective: To determine whether chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is an independent risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma and whether it increases the cirrhosis-related risk for hepatocellular carcinora. * Design: Two pair-matched, case-control studies. * Setting: A referral-based hospital. * Patients: In study 1,212 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (197 of whom had known underlying cirrhosis) were compared with controls who had chronic nonhepatic diseases. In study II, the 197 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis were compared with 197 pair-matched controls who had cirrhosis but not hepatocellular carcinoma. * Measurements: Levels of antibody to HCV (anti-HCV), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) were assayed, and alcohol abuse was assessed by history. * Main Results: In study I, 151 patients (71%) with hepatocellular carcinoma were anti-HCV positive compared with 11 controls (5%) with chronic nonhepatic diseases (odds ratio, 42; 95% CI, 11 to 95). Multivariate analysis showed that anti-HCV was an independent risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (odds ratio, 69; CI, 15 to 308). The analysis also showed that HBsAg (odds ratio, 8.7; CI, 1.5 to 50) and anti-HBc (odds ratio, 4.2 (CI, 1.7 to 11) were risk factors by hepatocellular carcinoma. No statistically significant interaction was found between anti-HCV and the markers of HBV infection. In study II, 146 patients (74%) with hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis were anti-HCV positive compared with 122 patients (62%) with cirrhosis alone (odds ratio, 1.8; CI, 1.1 to 2.8). Multivariate analysis confirmed that anti-HCV (odds ratio, 2.0; CI, 1.3 to 32) and HBsAg (odds ratio, 2.0; CI, 1.0 to 4.2) were independent risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma. * Conclusions: Hepatitis C virus infection is a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma, apparently by inducing cirrhosis and, to a lesser extent, by enhancing the risk in patients with cirrhosis. Hepatitis C virus infection acts independently of HBV infection (another risk factor) and of alcohol abuse, age, or gender.

Published
1992

4. Global prevalence, treatment, and prevention of hepatitis B virus infection in 2016: a modelling study

Author

Razavi-Shearer, Devin, Gamkrelidze, Ivane, Nguyen, Mindie H, Chen, Ding-Shinn, Van Damme, Pierre, Abbas, Zaigham, Abdulla, Maheeba, Abou Rached, Antoine, Adda, Danjuma, Aho, Inka, Akarca, Ulus, Hasan, Fuad, Al Lawati, Faryal, Al Naamani, Khalid, Al-Ashgar, Hamad Ibrahim, Alavian, Seyed M, Alawadhi, Sameer, Albillos, Agustin, Al-Busafi, Said A, Aleman, Soo, Alfaleh, Faleh Z, Aljumah, Abdulrahman A, Anand, Anil C, Anh, Nguyen Thu, Arends, Joop E, Arkkila, Perttu, Athanasakis, Kostas, Bane, Abate, Ben-Ari, Ziv, Berg, Thomas, Bizri, Abdul R, Blach, Sarah, Brandão Mello, Carlos E, Brandon, Samantha M, Bright, Bisi, Bruggmann, Philip, Brunetto, Maurizia, Buti, Maria, Chan, Henry L Y, Chaudhry, Asad, Chien, Rong-Nan, Choi, Moon S, Christensen, Peer B, Chuang, Wan-Long, Chulanov, Vladimir, Clausen, Mette R, Colombo, Massimo, Cornberg, Markus, Cowie, Benjamin, Craxi, Antonio, Croes, Esther A, Cuellar, Diego Alberto, Cunningham, Chris, Desalegn, Hailemichael, Drazilova, Sylvia, Duberg, Ann-Sofi, Egeonu, Steve S, El-Sayed, Manal H, Estes, Chris, Falconer, Karolin, Ferraz, Maria L G, Ferreira, Paulo R, Flisiak, Robert, Frankova, Sona, Gaeta, Giovanni B, García-Samaniego, Javier, Genov, Jordan, Gerstoft, Jan, Goldis, Adrian, Gountas, Ilias, Gray, Richard, Guimarães Pessôa, Mário, Hajarizadeh, Behzad, Hatzakis, Angelos, Hézode, Christophe, Himatt, Sayed M, Hoepelman, Andy, Hrstic, Irena, Hui, Yee-Tak T, Husa, Petr, Jahis, Rohani, Janjua, Naveed Z, Jarčuška, Peter, Jaroszewicz, Jerzy, Kaymakoglu, Sabahattin, Kershenobich, David, Kondili, Loreta A, Konysbekova, Aliya, Krajden, Mel, Kristian, Pavol, Laleman, Wim, Lao, Wai-cheung C, Layden, Jen, Lazarus, Jeffrey V, Lee, Mei-Hsuan, Liakina, Valentina, Lim, Young-Suk S, Loo, Ching-kong K, Lukšić, Boris, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malu, Abraham O, Mamatkulov, Adkhamjon, Manns, Michael, Marinho, Rui T, Maticic, Mojca, Mauss, Stefan, Memon, Muhammad S, Mendes Correa, Maria C, Mendez-Sanchez, Nahum, Merat, Shahin, Metwally, Ammal M, Mohamed, Rosmawati, Mokhbat, Jacques E, Moreno, Christophe, Mossong, Joel, Mourad, Fadi H, Müllhaupt, Beat, Murphy, Kimberly, Musabaev, Erkin, Nawaz, Arif, Nde, Helen M, Negro, Francesco, Nersesov, Alexander, Nguyen, Van Thi Thuy, Njouom, Richard, Ntagirabiri, Renovat, Nurmatov, Zuridin, Obekpa, Solomon, Ocama, Ponsiano, Oguche, Stephen, Omede, Ogu, Omuemu, Casimir, Opare-Sem, Ohene, Opio, Christopher K, Örmeci, Necati, Papatheodoridis, George, Pasini, Ken, Pimenov, Nikolay, Poustchi, Hossein, Quang, Trân D, Qureshi, Huma, Ramji, Alnoor, Razavi-Shearer, Kathryn, Redae, Berhane, Reesink, Henk W, Rios, Cielo Yaneth, Rjaskova, Gabriela, Robbins, Sarah, Roberts, Lewis R, Roberts, Stuart K, Ryder, Stephen D, Safadi, Rifaat, Sagalova, Olga, Salupere, Riina, Sanai, Faisal M, Sanchez-Avila, Juan F, Saraswat, Vivek, Sarrazin, Christoph, Schmelzer, Jonathan D, Schréter, Ivan, Scott, Julia, Seguin-Devaux, Carole, Shah, Samir R, Sharara, Ala I, Sharma, Manik, Shiha, Gamal E, Shin, Tesia, Sievert, William, Sperl, Jan, Stärkel, Peter, Stedman, Catherine, Sypsa, Vana, Tacke, Frank, Tan, Soek S, Tanaka, Junko, Tomasiewicz, Krzysztof, Urbanek, Petr, van der Meer, Adriaan J, Van Vlierberghe, Hans, Vella, Stefano, Vince, Adriana, Waheed, Yasir, Waked, Imam, Walsh, Nicholas, Weis, Nina, Wong, Vincent W, Woodring, Joseph, Yaghi, Cesar, Yang, Hwai-I, Yang, Chung-Lin, Yesmembetov, Kakharman, Yosry, Ayman, Yuen, Man-Fung, Yusuf, Muhammed Aasim M, Zeuzem, Stefan, and Razavi, Homie

Abstract

The 69th World Health Assembly approved the Global Health Sector Strategy to eliminate viral hepatitis by 2030. Although no virological cure exists for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, existing therapies to control viral replication and prophylaxis to minimise mother-to-child transmission make elimination of HBV feasible. We aimed to estimate the national, regional, and global prevalence of HBsAg in the general population and in the population aged 5 years in 2016, as well as coverage of prophylaxis, diagnosis, and treatment.

Published
2018
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5. Expert Opinion on Managing Chronic HCV in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease

Author

Vassalle, Cristina, Petta, Salvatore, Pepe, Alessia, Craxi, Antonio, Bondin, Mark, and Cacoub, Patrice

Abstract

Extrahepatic manifestations of chronic HCV infection include cardiovascular diseases and an increase in cardiovascular mortality. The pathogenic mechanisms by which HCV contributes to cardiovascular disease are not well defined, however, it is likely that systemic inflammation, and the promotion of other metabolic diseases are involved. In this Review, the evidence for HCV infection as a non-traditional risk factor for cardiovascular disease is evaluated. Furthermore, practical advice to evaluate cardiovascular disease risk and disease in chronic hepatitis C patients are included for help in daily clinical practice. Despite the advances in therapies for the treatment of HCV, there remains a need for increased awareness among specialists so that patients are more likely to obtain the treatment required to mitigate disease progression.

Published
2018
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6. Hepatitis C virus prevalence and level of intervention required to achieve the WHO targets for elimination in the European Union by 2030: a modelling study

Author

Razavi, Homie, Robbins, Sarah, Zeuzem, Stefan, Negro, Francesco, Buti, Maria, Duberg, Ann-Sofi, Roudot-Thoraval, Françoise, Craxi, Antonio, Manns, Michael, Marinho, Rui T, Hunyady, Bela, Colombo, Massimo, Aleman, Soo, Antonov, Krasimir, Arkkila, Perttu, Athanasakis, Kostas, Blach, Sarah, Blachier, Martin, Blasco, Antonio J, Calinas, Filipe, Calleja, Jose L, Christensen, Peer B, Cramp, Matthew E, Croes, Esther, de Knegt, Robert J, de Ledinghen, Victor, Delile, Jean-Michel, Estes, Chris, Falconer, Karolin, Färkkilä, Martti, Flisiak, Robert, Frankova, Sona, Gamkrelidze, Ivane, García-Samaniego, Javier, Genov, Jordan, Gerstoft, Jan, Gheorghe, Liana, Goldis, Adrian, Gountas, Ilias, Gregorčič, Sergeja, Gschwantler, Michael, Gunter, Jessie, Halota, Waldemar, Harcouet, Laura, Hézode, Christophe, Hoffmann, Patrick, Horvath, Gabor, Hrstic, Irena, Jarčuška, Peter, Jelev, Deian, Jeruma, Agita, Kåberg, Martin, Kieran, Jennifer, Kondili, Loreta A, Kotzev, Iskren, Krarup, Henrik, Kristian, Pavol, Lagging, Martin, Laleman, Wim, Lázaro, Pablo, Liakina, Valentina, Lukšić, Boris, Maimets, Matti, Makara, Mihály, Mateva, Lyudmila, Maticic, Mojca, Mennini, Francesco S, Mitova, Rumiana, Moreno, Christophe, Mossong, Joel, Murphy, Kimberly, Nde, Helen, Nemecek, Vratislav, Nonkovic, Dijana, Norris, Suzanne, Oltman, Marian, Øvrehus, Anne L H, Papatheodoridis, George, Pasini, Ken, Razavi-Shearer, Devin, Razavi-Shearer, Kathryn, Reesink, Henk W, Reic, Tatjana, Rozentale, Baiba, Ryder, Stephen D, Salupere, Riina, Sarmento-Castro, Rui, Sarrazin, Christoph, Schmelzer, Jonathan D, Schréter, Ivan, Seguin-Devaux, Carole, Simojoki, Kaarlo, Simonova, Marietta, Smit, Peter J, Souliotis, Kyriakos, Speiciene, Danute, Sperl, Jan, Stärkel, Peter, Struck, Daniel, Sypsa, Vana, Thornton, Lelia, Tolmane, Ieva, Tomasiewicz, Krzysztof, Valantinas, Jonas, Van Damme, Pierre, van de Vijver, David, van der Meer, Adriaan J, van Santen, Daniela, Van Vlierberghe, Hans, Vandijck, Dominique, Vella, Stefano, Videčnik-Zorman, Jerneja, Vogel, Wolfgang, Weis, Nina, and Hatzakis, Angelos

Abstract

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a leading cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. In the European Union (EU), treatment and cure of HCV with direct-acting antiviral therapies began in 2014. WHO targets are to achieve a 65% reduction in liver-related deaths, a 90% reduction of new viral hepatitis infections, and 90% of patients with viral hepatitis infections being diagnosed by 2030. This study assessed the prevalence of HCV in the EU and the level of intervention required to achieve WHO targets for HCV elimination.

Published
2017
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7. Global prevalence and genotype distribution of hepatitis C virus infection in 2015: a modelling study

Author

Blach, Sarah, Zeuzem, Stefan, Manns, Michael, Altraif, Ibrahim, Duberg, Ann-Sofi, Muljono, David H, Waked, Imam, Alavian, Seyed M, Lee, Mei-Hsuan, Negro, Francesco, Abaalkhail, Faisal, Abdou, Ahmed, Abdulla, Maheeba, Rached, Antoine Abou, Aho, Inka, Akarca, Ulus, Al Ghazzawi, Imad, Al Kaabi, Saad, Al Lawati, Faryal, Al Namaani, Khalid, Al Serkal, Youssif, Al-Busafi, Said A, Al-Dabal, Layla, Aleman, Soo, Alghamdi, Abdullah S, Aljumah, Abdulrahman A, Al-Romaihi, Hamad E, Andersson, Monique I, Arendt, Vic, Arkkila, Perttu, Assiri, Abdullah M, Baatarkhuu, Oidov, Bane, Abate, Ben-Ari, Ziv, Bergin, Colm, Bessone, Fernando, Bihl, Florian, Bizri, Abdul R, Blachier, Martin, Blasco, Antonio J, Mello, Carlos E Brandão, Bruggmann, Philip, Brunton, Cheryl R, Calinas, Filipe, Chan, Henry L Y, Chaudhry, Asad, Cheinquer, Hugo, Chen, Chien-Jen, Chien, Rong-Nan, Choi, Moon Seok, Christensen, Peer B, Chuang, Wan-Long, Chulanov, Vladimir, Cisneros, Laura, Clausen, Mette R, Cramp, Matthew E, Craxi, Antonio, Croes, Esther A, Dalgard, Olav, Daruich, Jorge R, de Ledinghen, Victor, Dore, Gregory J, El-Sayed, Manal H, Ergör, Gul, Esmat, Gamal, Estes, Chris, Falconer, Karolin, Farag, Elmoubashar, Ferraz, Maria L G, Ferreira, Paulo R, Flisiak, Robert, Frankova, Sona, Gamkrelidze, Ivane, Gane, Ed, García-Samaniego, Javier, Khan, Amir Ghafoor, Gountas, Ilias, Goldis, Adrian, Gottfredsson, Magnús, Grebely, Jason, Gschwantler, Michael, Pessôa, Mário Guimarães, Gunter, Jessie, Hajarizadeh, Behzad, Hajelssedig, Omer, Hamid, Saeed, Hamoudi, Waseem, Hatzakis, Angelos, Himatt, Sayed M, Hofer, Harald, Hrstic, Irena, Hui, Yee-Tak, Hunyady, Bela, Idilman, Ramazan, Jafri, Wasim, Jahis, Rohani, Janjua, Naveed Z, Jarčuška, Peter, Jeruma, Agita, Jonasson, Jón G, Kamel, Yasser, Kao, Jia-Horng, Kaymakoglu, Sabahattin, Kershenobich, David, Khamis, Jawad, Kim, Young S, Kondili, Loreta, Koutoubi, Zaher, Krajden, Mel, Krarup, Henrik, Lai, Moon-sing, Laleman, Wim, Lao, Wai-cheung, Lavanchy, Daniel, Lázaro, Pablo, Leleu, Henri, Lesi, Olufunmilayo, Lesmana, Laurentius A, Li, Michael, Liakina, Valentina, Lim, Young-Suk, Luksic, Boris, Mahomed, Adam, Maimets, Matti, Makara, Mihály, Malu, Abraham O, Marinho, Rui T, Marotta, Paul, Mauss, Stefan, Memon, Muhammad S, Correa, Maria C Mendes, Mendez-Sanchez, Nahum, Merat, Shahin, Metwally, Ammal M, Mohamed, Rosmawati, Moreno, Christophe, Mourad, Fadi H, Müllhaupt, Beat, Murphy, Kimberly, Nde, Helen, Njouom, Richard, Nonkovic, Diana, Norris, Suzanne, Obekpa, Solomon, Oguche, Stephen, Olafsson, Sigurður, Oltman, Marian, Omede, Ogu, Omuemu, Casimir, Opare-Sem, Ohene, Øvrehus, Anne L H, Owusu-Ofori, Shirley, Oyunsuren, Tsendsuren S, Papatheodoridis, George, Pasini, Ken, Peltekian, Kevork M, Phillips, Richard O, Pimenov, Nikolay, Poustchi, Hossein, Prabdial-Sing, Nishi, Qureshi, Huma, Ramji, Alnoor, Razavi-Shearer, Devin, Razavi-Shearer, Kathryn, Redae, Berhane, Reesink, Henk W, Ridruejo, Ezequiel, Robbins, Sarah, Roberts, Lewis R, Roberts, Stuart K, Rosenberg, William M, Roudot-Thoraval, Françoise, Ryder, Stephen D, Safadi, Rifaat, Sagalova, Olga, Salupere, Riina, Sanai, Faisal M, Avila, Juan F Sanchez, Saraswat, Vivek, Sarmento-Castro, Rui, Sarrazin, Christoph, Schmelzer, Jonathan D, Schréter, Ivan, Seguin-Devaux, Carole, Shah, Samir R, Sharara, Ala I, Sharma, Manik, Shevaldin, Anatoly, Shiha, Gamal E, Sievert, William, Sonderup, Mark, Souliotis, Kyriakos, Speiciene, Danute, Sperl, Jan, Stärkel, Peter, Stauber, Rudolf E, Stedman, Catherine, Struck, Daniel, Su, Tung-Hung, Sypsa, Vana, Tan, Soek-Siam, Tanaka, Junko, Thompson, Alexander J, Tolmane, Ieva, Tomasiewicz, Krzysztof, Valantinas, Jonas, Van Damme, Pierre, van der Meer, Adriaan J, van Thiel, Ingo, Van Vlierberghe, Hans, Vince, Adriana, Vogel, Wolfgang, Wedemeyer, Heiner, Weis, Nina, Wong, Vincent WS, Yaghi, Cesar, Yosry, Ayman, Yuen, Man-fung, Yunihastuti, Evy, Yusuf, Aasim, Zuckerman, Eli, and Razavi, Homie

Abstract

The 69th World Health Assembly approved the Global Health Sector Strategy to eliminate hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection by 2030, which can become a reality with the recent launch of direct acting antiviral therapies. Reliable disease burden estimates are required for national strategies. This analysis estimates the global prevalence of viraemic HCV at the end of 2015, an update of—and expansion on—the 2014 analysis, which reported 80 million (95% CI 64–103) viraemic infections in 2013.

Published
2017
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8. Global prevalence, cascade of care, and prophylaxis coverage of hepatitis B in 2022: a modelling study

Author

Razavi-Shearer, Devin, Gamkrelidze, Ivane, Pan, Calvin, Jia, Jidong, Berg, Thomas, Gray, Richard, Lim, Young-Suk, Chen, Chien-Jen, Ocama, Ponsiano, Desalegn, Hailemichael, Abbas, Zaigham, Abdallah, Ayat, Aghemo, Alessio, Ahmadbekova, Sabohat, Ahn, Sang Hoon, Aho, Inka, Akarca, Ulus, Al Masri, Nasser, Alalwan, Abduljaleel, Alavian, Seyed, Al-Busafi, Said, Aleman, Soo, Alfaleh, Faleh, Alghamdi, Abdullah, Al-Hamoudi, Waleed, Aljumah, Abdulrahman, Al-Naamani, Khalid, Al-Rifai, Ahmad, Alserkal, Yousif, Altraif, Ibrahim, Amarsanaa, Jazag, Anderson, Motswedi, Andersson, Monique, Armstrong, Paige, Asselah, Tarik, Athanasakis, Kostas, Baatarkhuu, Oidov, Ben-Ari, Ziv, Bensalem, Aicha, Bessone, Fernando, Biondi, Mia, Bizri, Abdul Rahman, Blach, Sarah, Braga, Wornei, Brandão-Mello, Carlos, Brosgart, Carol, Brown, Kimberly, Brown, Robert, Jr, Bruggmann, Philip, Brunetto, Maurizia, Buti, Maria, Cabezas, Joaquin, Casanovas, Teresa, Chae, Chungman, Chan, Henry Lik Yuen, Cheinquer, Hugo, Chen, Pei-Jer, Cheng, Kent Jason, Cheon, Myeong-Eun, Chien, Cheng-Hung, Choudhuri, Gourdas, Christensen, Peer Brehm, Chuang, Wan-Long, Chulanov, Vladimir, Cisneros, Laura, Coffin, Carla, Contreras, Fernando, Coppola, Nicola, Cornberg, Markus, Cowie, Benjamin, Cramp, Matthew, Craxi, Antonio, Crespo, Javier, Cui, Fuqiang, Cunningham, Chris, Dalgard, Olav, De Knegt, Robert, De Ledinghen, Victor, Dore, Gregory, Drazilova, Sylvia, Duberg, Ann-Sofi, Egeonu, Steve, Elbadri, Mohammed, El-Kassas, Mohamed, El-Sayed, Manal, Estes, Chris, Etzion, Ohad, Farag, Elmobashar, Ferradini, Laurent, Ferreira, Paulo, Flisiak, Robert, Forns, Xavier, Frankova, Sona, Fung, James, Gane, Edward, Garcia, Virginia, García-Samaniego, Javier, Gemilyan, Manik, Genov, Jordan, Gheorghe, Liliana, Gholam, Pierre, Gish, Robert, Goleij, Pouya, Gottfredsson, Magnus, Grebely, Jason, Gschwantler, Michael, Guingane, Nanelin Alice, Hajarizadeh, Behzad, Hamid, Saeed, Hamoudi, Waseem, Harris, Aaron, Hasan, Irsan, Hatzakis, Angelos, Hellard, Margaret, Hercun, Julian, Hernandez, Javier, Hockicková, Ivana, Hsu, Yao-Chun, Hu, Ching-Chih, Husa, Petr, Janicko, Martin, Janjua, Naveed, Jarcuska, Peter, Jaroszewicz, Jerzy, Jelev, Deian, Jeruma, Agita, Johannessen, Asgeir, Kåberg, Martin, Kaita, Kelly, Kaliaskarova, Kulpash, Kao, Jia-Horng, Kelly-Hanku, Angela, Khamis, Faryal, Khan, Aamir, Kheir, Omer, Khoudri, Ibtissam, Kondili, Loreta, Konysbekova, Aliya, Kristian, Pavol, Kwon, Jisoo, Lagging, Martin, Laleman, Wim, Lampertico, Pietro, Lavanchy, Daniel, Lázaro, Pablo, Lazarus, Jeffrey V, Lee, Alice, Lee, Mei-Hsuan, Liakina, Valentina, Lukšić, Boris, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malu, Abraham, Marinho, Rui, Mendes-Correa, Maria Cássia, Merat, Shahin, Meshesha, Berhane Redae, Midgard, Håvard, Mohamed, Rosmawati, Mokhbat, Jacques, Mooneyhan, Ellen, Moreno, Christophe, Mortgat, Laure, Müllhaupt, Beat, Musabaev, Erkin, Muyldermans, Gaëtan, Naveira, Marcelo, Negro, Francesco, Nersesov, Alexander, Nguyen, Van Thi Thuy, Ning, Qing, Njouom, Richard, Ntagirabiri, Rénovat, Nurmatov, Zuridin, Oguche, Stephen, Omuemu, Casimir, Ong, Janus, Opare-Sem, Ohene, Örmeci, Necati, Orrego, Mauricio, Osiowy, Carla, Papatheodoridis, George, Peck-Radosavljevic, Markus, Pessoa, Mário, Pham, Trang, Phillips, Richard, Pimenov, Nikolay, Pincay-Rodríguez, Loreley, Plaseska-Karanfilska, Dijana, Pop, Cora, Poustchi, Hossein, Prabdial-Sing, Nishi, Qureshi, Huma, Ramji, Alnoor, Rautiainen, Henna, Razavi-Shearer, Kathryn, Remak, William, Ribeiro, Sofia, Ridruejo, Ezequiel, Ríos-Hincapié, Cielo, Robalino, Marcia, Roberts, Lewis, Roberts, Stuart, Rodríguez, Manuel, Roulot, Dominique, Rwegasha, John, Ryder, Stephen, Sadirova, Shakhlo, Saeed, Umar, Safadi, Rifaat, Sagalova, Olga, Said, Sanaa, Salupere, Riina, Sanai, Faisal, Sanchez-Avila, Juan F, Saraswat, Vivek, Sargsyants, Narina, Sarrazin, Christoph, Sarybayeva, Gulya, Schréter, Ivan, Seguin-Devaux, Carole, Seto, Wai-Kay, Shah, Samir, Sharara, Ala, Sheikh, Mahdi, Shouval, Daniel, Sievert, William, Simojoki, Kaarlo, Simonova, Marieta, Sinn, Dong Hyun, Sonderup, Mark, Sonneveld, Milan, Spearman, C Wendy, Sperl, Jan, Stauber, Rudolf, Stedman, Catherine, Sypsa, Vana, Tacke, Frank, Tan, Soek-Siam, Tanaka, Junko, Tergast, Tammo, Terrault, Norah, Thompson, Alexander, Thompson, Peyton, Tolmane, Ieva, Tomasiewicz, Krzysztof, Tsang, Tak-Yin, Uzochukwu, Benjamin, Van Welzen, Berend, Vanwolleghem, Thomas, Vince, Adriana, Voeller, Alexis, Waheed, Yasir, Waked, Imam, Wallace, Jack, Wang, Cong, Weis, Nina, Wong, Grace, Wong, Vincent, Wu, Jaw-Ching, Yaghi, Cesar, Yesmembetov, Kakharman, Yip, Terry, Yosry, Ayman, Yu, Ming-Lung, Yuen, Man-Fung, Yurdaydin, Cihan, Zeuzem, Stefan, Zuckerman, Eli, and Razavi, Homie

Abstract

The 2016 World Health Assembly endorsed the elimination of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection as a public health threat by 2030; existing therapies and prophylaxis measures make such elimination feasible, even in the absence of a virological cure. We aimed to estimate the national, regional, and global prevalence of HBV in the general population and among children aged 5 years and younger, as well as the rates of diagnosis, treatment, prophylaxis, and the future burden globally.

Published
2023
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9. Simeprevir with pegylated interferon alfa 2a plus ribavirin in treatment-naive patients with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection (QUEST-1): a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Author

Jacobson, Ira M, Dore, Gregory J, Foster, Graham R, Fried, Michael W, Radu, Monica, Rafalsky, Vladimir V, Moroz, Larysa, Craxi, Antonio, Peeters, Monika, Lenz, Oliver, Ouwerkerk-Mahadevan, Sivi, De La Rosa, Guy, Kalmeijer, Ronald, Scott, Jane, Sinha, Rekha, and Beumont-Mauviel, Maria

Abstract

Although the addition of the HCV NS3/4A protease inhibitors boceprevir and telaprevir to pegylated interferon (peginterferon) alfa plus ribavirin has improved sustained virological response (SVR) in treatment-naive and treatment-experienced patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1, the regimens have a high pill burden and are associated with increased rates and severity of adverse events, such as anaemia and rash. The efficacy and safety of the combination of simeprevir, a one pill, once-daily, oral HCV NS3/4A protease inhibitor, plus peginterferon alfa 2a plus ribavirin were assessed in treatment-naive patients with HCV genotype 1 infection.

Published
2014
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10. Predicting Early and Sustained Virological Responses in Prior Nonresponders to Pegylated Interferon alpha-2b Plus Ribavirin Retreated With Peginterferon alpha-2a Plus Ribavirin and the Benefit-Risk Ratio of Retreatment

Author

Marcellin, Patrick, Craxi, Antonio, Brandao-Mello, Carlos E., Bisceglie, Adrian M. Di, Andreone, Pietro, Freilich, Bradley, Rajender Reddy, K., Olveira Martín, Antonio, Teuber, Gerlinde, Messinger, Diethelm, Hooper, Greg, Wat, Cynthia, Tatsch, Fernando, and Jensen, Donald M.

Abstract

To evaluate the predictive value of complete early virological response (cEVR) on sustained virological response (SVR) following retreatment with peginterferon alpha-2a (40 kDa) plus ribavirin in previous nonresponders to peginterferon alpha-2b (12 kDa).

Published
2013
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11. Non Invasive Indexes for the Assessment of Patients with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Author

Petta, Salvatore, Handberg, Aase, and Craxi, Antonio

Abstract

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects about 20-30 of the general population, and its clinical relevance arises from the fact that 20-30 of these subjects develop non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a condition at risk of cirrhosis progression. In addition NAFLD, and in particular NASH patients, are also at high risk of cardiovascular alterations, suffering overall from an increased liver and no liver-related events of risk and death. At the moment liver biopsy is the gold standard for a correct evaluation of NASH and fibrosis among NAFLD patients. However, the high and increasing prevalence of NAFLD has triggered an intensive search for alternative and non-invasive methods for evaluating disease severity. Specifically we can distinguish two main groups of non-invasive methodologies, namely ‘serum markers’ that use clinical and/or biochemical variables, and methodologies derived from elaboration of parameters arising from liver imaging techniques. All these tools showed encouraging results, even though their utility in clinical practice in the individual patients is still under debate. Therefore further efforts are needed in order to generate non-invasive algorithms that correctly assess liver damage in NAFLD patients. In particular, it should be interesting to perform gender-specific analysis, by combining old and new tools, with the aim to generate more accurate scores. Finally we think that non-invasive scores should not only be able to correctly classify the severity of liver disease in NAFLD patients, but also predict liver and non-liver related morbidity and mortality, further acting as time-dependent markers of liver and systemic disease activity. This review summarizes the present knowledge on noninvasive diagnosis in NAFLD patients, and suggest future directions for this complex research area.

Published
2013

12. HCV Genotype 5: An Orphan Virus

Author

Antaki, Nabil, Abboud, Dirar, Antaki, Fadi, and Craxi, Antonio

Abstract

HCV genotype 5 (HCV-5) is the least known HCV genotype. It is found mainly in South Africa and in restricted areas of Belgium, Spain, France, Syria and Greece. Sporadic cases are reported worldwide. The main modes of transmission are blood transfusion and iatrogenic causes. Little is known about its origin, but various studies have elucidated its spread worldwide. In endemic areas, patients infected with HCV-5 are on average older and have a higher viral load and more advanced fibrosis than those infected with non-HCV-5 genotypes. The current standard of care for HCV-5 chronic infection is 48 weeks of dual therapy with pegylated interferon plus ribavirin. ‘Favourable’ Il28B polymorphisms are not associated with higher sustained viral response rates. Assessment of shorter duration of therapy is made difficult by the lack of identifable baseline predictors of response. Whilst there are in vitrodata showing good activity of some direct-acting antivirals and of host-targeted agents against HCV-5, no clinical trials of these molecules have yet started.

Published
2013
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13. The Impact of Antiviral Treatments on the Course of Chronic Hepatitis C: An Evidence-Based Approach

Author

Camma, Calogero, Bona, Danilo, and Craxi, Antonio

Abstract

Hepatitis C virus chronic infection is currently the most common cause of end-stage liver disease. The benefit of antiviral therapy on liver histology and its impact on the long-term course of the disease has been extensively studied. However, the results are still equivocal and the overall assessment of treatment effect remains difficult to evaluate. Although the conclusions of the last National Institute of Health Consensus Development Conferences on Hepatitis C have recently been published, several important issues still remain unanswered. We review the available data by an evidence-based approach and conclude that: 1) peginterferon alfa is more effective than conventional interferon in improving liver histology 2) monotherapy with PEG-interferon induces a marked reduction in staging in virological sustained responders and to a lesser degree in relapsers, but provides no benefit to nonresponders after 24-48 weeks of treatment 3) maintenance therapy aiming to improve histology in virological nonresponders should be considered experimental and of unproven benefit 4) although the reduction in the number of events in sustained responders suggests a long-term benefit of IFN therapy, available evidence is still insufficient to confirm that IFN prolongs life in HCV infected patients. Data of the long-term benefit of subjects treated with IFN plus ribavirin are still not available 5) pooling of published data suggests a slight preventive effect of IFN on HCC development in patients with HCV-related cirrhosis. The magnitude of this effect is low and the observed benefit might be due to spurious associations. The preventive effect is more evident among sustained responders to interferon.

Published
2004

15. Viral and Host Factors in Determining Response of Relapsers with Chronic Hepatitis C to Retreatment with Interferon

Author

Almasio, Piero, Di Marco, Vito, Bonura, Celestino, Fuschi, Patrizia, Camma, Calogero, Iacono, Oreste, Artini, Marco, Natoli, Clara, Di Stefano, Rosa, Levrero, Massimo, and Craxi, Antonio

Abstract

In chronic hepatitis C the rate of relapse afteran end-of-treatment response to interferon may exceed50%. The usefulness of retreatment of relapsers withinterferon in obtaining a complete sustained response and the role of clinical, virological andimmunological features in determining long-term efficacyof retreatment are unclear. We aimed to assess theefficacy of interferon retreatment in obtaining acomplete sustained response, to evaluate whetherincreasing the dose may enhance responsiveness, and toidentify possible predictors of sustained response. Weenrolled 42 patients with biopsy-proven chronichepatitis C without cirrhosis who had previouslyresponded to a six-month course ofInterferon-α2b(total dose: group A, 22patients, 234 MU; group B, 20 patients, 468 MU) and thenrelapsed. All, except one, were HCV-RNA negative at the end of first cycle ofinterferon; most (31/42, 74%) were infected by HCV 1b.Subjects were randomly allocated to receive anothercycle of interferon either at the original dose (group A1: 234 MU, 11 patients; groupB 468 MU, 10 patient) or twice the original dose (groupA2: 468 MU, 11 patients; group B : 936 MU, 10patients). At the end of the second cycle of interferon,24 subjects (57%) had normal ALT and were HCV-RNAnegative, and 16 (39%) had normal ALT, but were HCV-RNApositive. A complete sustained response was obtained ineight patients (19%), at a similar rate in all treatment groups. Complete sustainedresponders were different from the other patients interms of age (35.9 ± 10.4 vs 44.1 ± 8.8,P = 0.027), rate of infection with non-1b HCV (6/8 vs5/34, P = 0.0005), serum HCV-RNA (74,016 vs 321,428median copies/ml, P = 0.037) and serum levels of90K/MAC-2 BP (5.76 ± 3.01 vs 10.25 ± 5.16units/ml, P = 0.02), an N-glycoprotein implicated incellular defense functions. Multivariate logistic analysisvalidated age and HCV genotype as independent predictorsof CSR. Among noncirrhotic relapsers who received atotal interferon dose ≥234 MU in the first cycle,retreatment usually induced end-of-treatment response. Acomplete sustained response was obtained in only one ofevery five subjects. Increasing the dose of interferonabove that of the first cycle did not enhance the rate of sustained response. In conclusionwe might assert that young subjects infected by non-1bHCV and with low levels of HCV-RNA and of 90K/MAC-2 BPare the best candidates for retreatment.

Published
1999
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17. Expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules in the liver of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection

Author

Malizia, Giuseppe, Dino, Ornella, Pisa, Roberto, Caltagirone, Maria, Giannuoli, Gandolfo, Di Marco, Vito, Aragona, Emma, Calabrese, Antonino, Raiata, Francesca, Craxi, Antonio, and Pagliaro, Luigi

Abstract

Virus-specific T-cell responses are believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of liver cell injury secondary to hepatitis B virus infection. In this study, liver biopsy specimens from patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection were analyzed for expression of two major pathways of adhesion used by cytotoxic T cells to interact with target cells. The lymphocyte function—associated antigen 3 was found preferentially expressed on hepatocytes of patients with active hepatitis B virus replication, whereas the expression of the intercellular adhesion molecule 1 on hepatocytes seemed more closely related with inflammatory activity. Adhesion molecules were also highly expressed on T lymphocytes found in areas of piecemeal and spotty necrosis, indicating the presence of antigen-specific “memory” T cells at the site of hepatocellular injury. This study suggests that the expression of the lymphocyte function-associated antigen 3 on hepatocytes may be important for viral elimination. The coordinate expression of the intercellular adhesion molecule 1 may regulate inflammatory response and enhance viral antigen presentation to T cells. Conversely, the absence of hepatocyte adhesion molecules might be a favorable factor for viral persistence.

Published
1991
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18. Hepatitis C virus infection as a determinant of behavior in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis

Author

Czaja, Albert J., Magrin, Silvio, Fabiano, Carmelo, Fiorentino, Germana, Diquattro, Orazia, Craxi, Antonio, and Pagliaro, Luigi

Abstract

To determine if hepatitis C virus infection influences the behavior of type 1 autoimmune hepatitis and to assess the performance parameters of third-generation immunoassays for viral infection in this disease, 64 patients with different patterns of disease behavior were assessed retrospectively for antibodies to hepatitis C virus by third-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and recombinant immunoblot assay and for HCV RNA by polymerase chain reaction. Hepatitis C virus RNA was detected in seven patients (11%) and antibodies to hepatitis C virus were found in five (8%). All patients who had an acute onset of illness or who sustained remission after therapy lacked HCV RNA in serum. In contrast, four of 31 patients who relapsed (13%) and three of 17 patients who failed treatment (18%) had HCV RNA in serum. Patients with HCV RNA were indistinguishable from those without HCV RNA; in three patients, infection was recognized only by testing for HCV RNA. Four of seven patients with HCV RNA responded fully to corticosteroids, although each relapsed after drug withdrawal. Smooth muscle antibodies (43% versus 91%,P=0.006) and concurrent smooth muscle and antinuclear antibodies (0% versus 60%,P=0.003) occurred less frequently in patients with HCV RNA than in counterparts without HCV RNA. The specificity of the third-generation enzyme immunoassay was 98% and its overall predictability was 94%. Its sensitivity, however, was 57% and false positive results occurred in 20%. Hepatitis C virus infection is an uncommon determinant of disease behavior in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis, but it may be present in relapse or treatment failure. Some patients with HCV RNA may respond fully to corticosteroids, although remission is unsustained.

Published
1995
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19. The treatment effect of alpha interferon in chronic hepatitis B is independent of pre-treatment variables. Results based on individual patient data from 10 clinical controlled trials

Author

Krogsgaard, Kim, Bindslev, Niels, Christensen, Erik, Craxi, Antonio, Schlichting, Poul, Schalm, Solko, Carreno, Vicente, Trepo, Christian, Gerken, Guido, Thomas, Howard C., Andersen, Per Kragh, Ring-Larsen, Helmer, and (Eurohep), the European Concerted Action on Viral Hepatitis

Abstract

Alpha interferon induces HBeAg seroconversion in about one third of treated patients and has become an established treatment of chronic hepatitis B. A number of smaller studies have suggested that response to treatment is more likely to occur in patients with higher levels of transaminases, with recent (adult) onset, a history of acute hepatitis, low levels of HBV DNA and in heterosexual males. The aim of this European co-operative study was to estimate the effect of alpha interferon more accurately and to evaluate the influence of host pre-treatment variables on the effect of interferon. Individual data were collected from 751 patients from 10 controlled clinical trials on alpha interferon (lymphoblastoid or recombinant) treatment for chronic hepatitis B. Alpha interferon was administered to 496 patients, while 255 were untreated controls. Individual patient data were analysed by survival analysis (log rank test and Cox regression analysis), stratified by trial, with the disappearance of HBeAg as the major endpoint. The results showed that the HBeAg disappearance rate with or without interferon treatment was higher in patients with high aminotransferase levels, with a history of acute hepatitis and in male heterosexual patients disregarding HIV status. If HIV-positive patients were excluded, the effect of sexual orientation was not significant. Therapy with alpha interferon increased the a prioriHBeAg disappearance rate by a factor of 1.76; the relative treatment effect of alpha interferon was independent of the tested pretreatment host variables, but dependent on the total (intended) interferon dose (low dose≤200 MU/m2increased HBeAg disappearance by a factor 1.37; medium/high dose≥200 MU/m2increased HBeAg disappearance by a factor 2.05). In conclusion, this meta-analysis suggests that the effect of alpha interferon is less than previously assumed and independent of pretreatment host variables tested. It confirms the higher therapeutic benefit of a total dose exceeding 200 MU/m2and of selection of patients based on disease activity and immune reactivity. Although all patients seem to have the same relative benefit, the absolute benefit of alpha interferon treatment seems to be greatest in patients with high transaminase levels and with a history of acute hepatitis.

Published
1994
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21. Anti-HCV, anti-GOR, and autoimmunity

Author

Magrin, Silvio, Pinzello, Giovambattista, Craxi, Antonio, Almasio, Piero, Pagliaro, Luigi, Hosein, Barbara, Fang, Xinde, Yi Wang, Chang, Lenzi, Marco, Cassani, Fabio, Ballardini, Giorgio, Bianchi, FrancescoB, Mishiro, Shunji, Unoura, Masashi, Kaneko, Shuichi, and Kobayashi, Kenichi

Published
1992
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