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An epidemiological study of measles-specific immunoglobulin G antibody levels was conducted using a representative sample of a vaccinated suburban population in São Paulo State, Brazil. The study aimed to determine immunity status in relation to age and infection or vaccination experience. 549 age-structured samples of sera, collected in 1990, were screened and calibrated to the international reference serum, using measles nucleoprotein in an enzyme immunoassay. In the age group with direct experience of vaccination (9 months to 15 years), whether routine or campaign, over 90% had detectable antibody ?50 miu/mL. However, 14% of these had antibody concentrations between 50 and 100 miu/mL and 30% between 50 and 255 miu/mL. In those over 15 years of age, 94% had antibody levels >255 miu/mL, assumed to be the result of past infection. The study suggested that, within highly vaccinated populations, a proportion of individuals had measles antibody levels which may be insufficient to protect against reinfection or clinical disease. The implications of these results, and similar findings elsewhere, in relation to the persistence of measles requires investigation; this has particular relevance in São Paulo following the recent measles outbreak.

The development of remote control is discussed with reference to the control of robots. The new opportunities for control that are offered by the Internet are evaluated and the range of potential applications are considered. The specification of remotely controlled instrumentation is investigated and the concept of autonomy and supervisory control is discussed with particular reference to the Bradford Robotic Telescope.

The effect of maternal, labor, and fetal characteristics upon fetal heart rate behavior during the intrapartum period has been studied in 400 patients. Abnormal labor in comparison to normal labor has a higher baseline fetal heart rate with an increased incidence of baseline tachycardia and an increased incidence of absent or decreased baseline variability. A decreasing fetal weight gestational age percentile is associated with an increased incidence of variable decelerations. Segmental epidural and Demerol analgesia carefully administered has little effect upon fetal heart rate behavior.

Fetal heart rate characteristics during the 8 hours prior to delivery have been studied in 200 patients in whom the fetus had evidence of a metabolic acidosis at delivery, and compared to those in 200 patients in whom the fetus had a normal acid-base state at delivery. Baseline fetal heart rate moderate bradycardia and tachycardia, decreased baseline variability, and decreased fetal heart rate accelerations are not predictors of intrapartum fetal hypoxia with metabolic acidosis. Marked patterns of total decelerations and late decelerations are predictive of intrapartum fetal hypoxia with metabolic acidosis. The probability of fetal metabolic acidosis in the presence of a marked pattern of total decelerations is 25%, and with late decelerations it is 48%, in a population of high-risk pregnancies.