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Stress is a risk factor for chronic illnesses such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension and has been postulated to cause the metabolic syndrome via perturbation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. In our model of early-life stress (variable foraging demand [VFD]), food insecurity is imposed on monkey mothers for 16 weeks beginning when their nursing offspring are 3-5 months of age. Under VFD, food availability is never restricted, and the infant's growth is unaffected. VFD rearing does, however, cause a range of neurobiological abnormalities, including dysregulation of the HPA axis, manifested in abnormal cerebrospinal fluid cortisol and corticotrophin-releasing factor levels. We previously reported spontaneous occurrence of metabolic syndrome in 14% of normally reared peripubertal bonnet macaques given ad libitum access to standard monkey chow. Here, we show that compared with normally reared monkeys, peripubertal VFD juveniles exhibit greater weight, BMI, abdominal circumference, and glucagon-like peptide-1 and decreased glucose disposal rates during hyperinsulinemic-eugiycemic clumps. Our data suggest that early-life stress during a critical period of neuro development can result in the peripubertal emergence of obesity and insulin resistance., Stress is a risk factor for chronic illnesses such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension (1) and has been hypothesized as a key element in the fetal origins of [...]

Study objective: We undertook the present study to investigate the perception of dyspnea (with respect to changes in end-inspiratory and end-expiratory lung volumes), during four different levels of high-intensity constant [...]

Both pharmacotherapy and cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) can reduce the symptoms of anxiety disorders. Limited availability of specialists in CBT makes familiarity with the intricacies of pharmacotherapy a necessity. Anxiety is [...]

Objective: To determine the association between respiratory disease and panic attacks among adults in the US population. Method: Data were drawn from the Midlife Development in the United States Survey [...]

Primary care and family physicians are usually the first medical professionals to see patients with anxiety or mood disorders. Unfortunately, they are also all too often among the last: two [...]

* Abstract Panic disorder is the most common anxiety disorder in the primary-care setting. It is characterized by episodes of acute, unexpected, and unprovoked anxiety and is often associated with [...]

Both pharmacotherapy and cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) can reduce the symptoms of anxiety disorders. Limited availability of specialists in CBT makes familiarity with the intricacies of pharmacotherapy a necessity. Anxiety is [...]

Fibromyalgia syndrome is a more common condition that previously estimated. The most recent estimates are that from 3 to 6 million patients have been diagnosed with the disease. There is [...]

ARTICLE CONSULTANTS LEOPOLDO POZUELO, MD, is a psychiatrist in the Section of Adult Behavioral Services. Department of Psychiatry and Psychology and Associate Residency Director. The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio. JERILYN [...]

For patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), treatment seldom leads to remission, according to Sanjay Mathew, M.D., an Assistant Professor of Psychiatry at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine. Mathew, [...]

IT IS NOT UNCOMMON for the primary care physician, cardiologist, or emergency physician to see patients presenting with acute acute onset of chest pain, shortness of breath, palpitations, choking sensation, [...]