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Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries operate viaelectrochemical reactions between positive and negative electrodes, formed by complex porous microstructures. An improved understanding of these materials can lead to a greater insight into the link between microscopic electrode morphology and macroscopic performance. The practice of calendering electrodes after manufacturing has been widely used to increase the volumetric energy density and improve the electrical contact between electrode material particles and with the foil substrate. In this paper we present, for the first time to the authors’ knowledge, a technique to image battery electrodes in situand in 3D whilst undergoing uniaxial compression with the intent of emulating the calendering process. This technique allows the tracking of electrode strain during compression and its further application will lead to a thorough understanding of crack initiation and propagation mechanisms within electrode particles, ultimately optimising their design and performance.

Una Coales and Seema Khan. (Pp 287; 19.95 £.) Royal Society of Medicine Press, 2002. ISBN 1-85315-546-2. *** The title of this book says a lot about some attitudes to [...]

Well-defined nanoparticles show promise as model catalysts in the quest for new/improved practical catalysts with tunable chemical properties. Here we demonstrate the production, chemical performance, and stability of a new class of model catalyst systems, consisting of size-selected (PdN) nanoclusters supported on (graphite) powders suitable for realistic, test tube reaction conditions. The catalyst powders were synthesized by cluster beam deposition onto planar surface followed by microdicing. Cluster size-dependent (N= 55 to 400) catalytic activity/selectivity was observed in the vapor phase hydrogenation of 1-pentyne. Aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy of the nanocluster catalysts before and after catalytic measurements revealed the stability of the cluster catalysts against sintering. Larger nanoclusters, e.g., Pd400, showed superior activity, thermal stability, and (very high) selectivity over a period of hours in the reactor.

Abstract: Molecular and nanoparticulate gold precursors for application in inkjet printing onto flexible substrates are discussed. The choice of stabilising ligands and the size of the nanoparticles influence the solution stability of the ink and their ability to form decorative or conductive functional films.

Palladium(0)-mediated Suzuki−Miyaura and Heck transformations have been exploited to provide examples of 8-methylquino[4,3,2-kl]acridines and 8,13-dimethylquino[4,3,2-kl]acridinium iodides bearing bulky saturated (3-acetoxy)propyl or (E)-3-(morpholin-4-yl)-3-oxopropenyl substituents variously in the 3-, 6-, or 10-positions of the pentacyclic nucleus. The pharmacological/pharmaceutical properties of four compounds (4, RHPS4), (5, IH383), (6, RHPS16), and (17, RHPS19) were measured to assess their clinical potential as DNA G-quadruplex-stabilizing/telomerase inhibitory agents. The following properties were measured:  stability in tissue culture media in the presence of A549 lung and MCF-7 breast tumor cells, metabolic stability when incubated with rat liver microsomes, and rate of uptake and subcellular location in A549 and MCF-7 cells. Compound 17 was unstable in tissue culture media, failed to achieve nuclear access, and was excluded from further consideration. Of the other agents, 4 exhibited the most favorable pharmaceutical profile:  the agent has appropriate stability in the presence of tumor cells and rat liver microsomes and achieves rapid ingress into cell nuclei where the putative molecular target is located.

Geoffrey Blainey. A Short History of the World.Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2002. Pp. xi, 464. 827.50 (US). Reviewed by W. Warren WagarAlfred W. Crosby. Throwing Fire: Projectile Technology through History.New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Pp. xii, 206. $26.00 (US). Reviewed by William H. McneillEdwin G. Pulleyblank. Central Asia and Non-Chinese Peoples of Ancient China.Aldershot and Burlington: Ashgate, Variorum, 2002. Pp. xii, 312. $105.95 (US). Reviewed by Nicola Di CosmoSanjay Subrahmanyam. Penumbral Visions: Making Polities in Early Modern South India.Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2001. Pp. ix, 295. $49.50 (US). Reviewed by Chandra R. De SilvaSusan B. Edgington and Sarah Lambert, eds. Gendering the Crusades.New York: Columbia University Press, 2002. Pp. xvi, 215. $18.50 (US), paper. Reviewed by Peter EdburyThomas T. Allsen. Culture and Conquest in Mongol Eurasia.New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001. Pp. xiii, 245. 860.00 (US). Reviewed by Jonathan ShepardHaim Beinart. The Expulsion of the Jews from Spain, trans. Jeffrey M. Green. Oxford and Portland: Littman Library of Jewish Civilization, 2002. Pp. xv, 591. $85.00 (US). Reviewed by Felipe Fernández-ArmestoH. G. Koenigsberger. Monarchies, States Generals, and Parliaments: The Netherlands in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries.New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001. Pp. xix, 381. $75.00 (US). Reviewed by Christine KooiMary Elizabeth Ailes. Military Migration and State Formation: The British Military Community in Seventeenth-Century Sweden.Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press, 2002. Pp. xiv, 192. $50.00 (US). Reviewed by Edward FurgolAlastair Hamilton. Arab Culture and Ottoman Magnificence in Antwerp's Golden Age.London and Oxford: The Arcadian Library in association with Oxford University Press, 2001. Pp. 134. £60.00. Reviewed by Deborah HowardHARRY G. GELBER. Nations out of Empires: European Nationalism and the Transformation of Asia.Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave, 2001. Pp. ix, 263. $45.00 (US). Reviewed by Fred HallidayLeah S. Marcus, Janel Mueller, and Mary Beth Rose, eds. Elizabeth I: Collected Works.Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 2000. Pp. xxiv, 446. $40.00 (US). Reviewed by John CraigJeremy Black. European International Relations, 1648–1815.Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave, 2002. Pp. xiii, 274. $22.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by Jennifer MoriMlada Bukovansky. Legitimacy and Power Politics: The American and French Revolutions in International Political Culture.Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2002. Pp. viii, 255. $39.50 (US). Reviewed by Norman HampsonPatricia Seed. American Pentimento: The Invention of Indians and the Pursuit of Riches.Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2001. Pp. xii, 299. $29.95 (US). Reviewed by Sarah H. HillPatrick Griffin. The People with No Name: Ireland's Ulster Scots, America's Scots Irish, and the Creation of a British Atlantic World, 1689–1764.Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2001. Pp. xv, 244. $19.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by K. David MilobarThomas Philipp. Acre: The Rise and Fall of a Palestinian City, 1730–1831.New York: Columbia University Press, 2002. Pp. 299. $17.50 (US), paper. Reviewed by DINA Rizk KhouryDon H. Doyle. Nations Divided: America, Italy, and the Southern Question.Athens and London: University of Georgia Press, 2002. Pp. xvii, 130. $24.95 (US). Reviewed by Enrico Dal LagoCharles John Fedorak. Henry Addington, Prime Minister, 1801–1804: Peace, War, and Parliamentary Politics.Akron: University of Akron Press, 2002. Pp. xvii, 268. $44.95 (US). Reviewed by J. E. CooksonDáire Keogh and Kevin Whelan, eds. Acts of Union: The Causes, Contexts, and Consequences of the Act of Union.Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2001; dist. Portland: ISBS. Pp. 270. $45.00 (US). Reviewed by Jim SmythKlaus Gallo. Great Britain and Argentina: From Invasion to Recognition, 1806-26.Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave, 2002. Pp. vi, 195. $55.00 (US). Reviewed by Andrew S. ThompsonRory Muir. Salamanca 1812.New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2001. Pp. xiv, 322. $35.00 (US). Reviewed by Richard Thorburn HerzogWilliam Barr, ed. and annotated. From Barrow to Boothia: The Arctic Journal of Chief Factor Peter Warren Dease, 1836–1839.Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2002. Pp. xi, 330. $49.95 (CDN). Reviewed by William R. MorrisonTimothy Brook and Bob Tadashi Wakabayashi, eds. Opium Regimes: China, Britain, and Japan, 1839–1952.Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2000. Pp. xiv, 444. $22.95 (US) paper. Reviewed by David ClaytonJohn Mason Hart. Empire and Revolution: The Americans in Mexico since the Civil War.Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2002. Pp.xi, 677. $39.95 (US). Reviewed by Thomas SchoonoverJeremy Black. Warfare in the Western World, 1882–1975.Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2002. Pp. xii, 243. $19.95 (US)J paper; Jeremy Black, ed. European Warfare, 1815–2000.Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave, 2002. Pp. vii, 247. $22.95 (US) paper. Reviewed by Craig GibsonPaul B. Miller. From Revolutionaries to Citizens: Antimilitarism in France, 1870–1914. Durham, NC and London: Duke University Press, 2002. Pp. xii, 277. $21.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by Martin CeadelDavid Healy. James G. Blaine and Latin America.Columbia and London: University of Missouri Press, 2001. Pp. vii, 278. $39–95 (US). Reviewed by Edward P. CrapolRolf Hobson. Imperialism at Sea: Naval Strategic Thought, the Ideology of Sea Power, and the Tirpitz Plan, 1875–1914.Boston and Leiden: Brill, 2002. Pp. x, 358. $90.00 (US). Reviewed by John BeelerRoderick R. McLean. Royalty and Diplomacy in Europe, 1890–1914.New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001. Pp. xii, 239. $54.95 (US). Reviewed by David FrenchPhilippe Chassaigne and Michael Dockrill, eds. Anglo-French Relations, 1898–1998: From Fashoda to Jospin.Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave, 2002. Pp. xiii, 211. $65.00 (US). Reviewed by Anthony AdamthwaiteRebecca E. Karl. Staging the World: Chinese Nationalism at the Turn of the Twentieth Century.Durham, NC and London: Duke University Press, 2002. Pp. xii, 314. $19.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by Joan JudgeChristopher Mckee. Sober Men and True: Sailor Lives in the Royal Navy, 1900–1945.Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press, 2002. Pp.285. $29.95 (US). Reviewed by Geoffrey TillAndrew Mango. Atatürk.London: John Murray, 2001. Pp. xiii, 666. £18.00, paper. Reviewed by Frank TachauSusan Solomon. The Coldest March: Scott's Fatal Antarctic Expedition.New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2001. Pp. xxii, 383. $29.95 (US). Reviewed by Bryan C. StoreyJaroslaw Suchoples. Finland and the United States, 1917–1919: The Early Years of Mutual Relations, trans. Tadeuz Z. Wolahski. Helsinki: Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, 2000; dist. Portland: ISBS. Pp. 221. $29.95 (US) paper. Reviewed by David W. McFaddenDavid Henry Slavin. Colonial Cinema and Imperial France, 1919–1939: White Blind Spots, Male Fantasies, Settler Myths.Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001. Pp. xv, 300. $42.50 (US). Reviewed by †William B. CohenDavid French. Raising Churchill's Army: The British Army and the War against Germany, 1919–1945.New York: Oxford University Press, 2001. Pp. xii, 319. 821.95 (CDN), paper. Reviewed by B. J. C. McKercherJoseph Moretz. The Royal Navy and the Capital Ship in the Interwar Period: An Operational Perspective.London and Portland: Frank Cass, 2002. Pp. xxi, 292. $57.50 (US). Reviewed by Keith NeilsonFrances Gouda with Thus Brocades Zaalberg. American Visions of the Netherlands East Indies/Indonesia: US Foreign Policy and Indonesian Nationalism, 1920–1949.Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2002. Pp. 382. €31.90, paper. Reviewed by Gary R. HessGyörgy Péteri. Global Monetary Regime and National Central Banking: The Case of Hungary, 1921–1929, trans. Mario D. Fenyo. Boulder and Wayne: East European Monographs and Center for Hungarian Studies, 2002; dist. New York: Columbia University Press. Pp. x, 199. $30.00 (US). Reviewed by Jürgen NautzDavid Dutton. Neville Chamberlain.London and New York: Arnold and Oxford University Press, 2001. Pp. xii, 245. £12.99 paper. Reviewed by Joseph A. MaioloSteven T. Ross, ed. US War Plans: 1938–1945. Boulder and London: Lynne Rienner, 2002. Pp. ix, 371. $89.95 (US) Reviewed by Allan R. MillettRadomir Luza with Christina Vella. The Hitler Kiss: A Memoir of the Czech Resistance.Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2002. Pp. x, 295. $34.95 (US). Reviewed by Igor LukesNicholas Tarling. A Sudden Rampage: The Japanese Occupation of Southeast Asia, 1941–1945.Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2001. Pp. xv, 286. $36.00 (US). Reviewed by Nicholas J. WhiteAndrew J. Whitfield. Hong Kong, Empire, and the Anglo-American Alliance at War, 1941-45.Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave, 2001. Pp. xii, 266. $65.00 (US). Reviewed by Chan Lau Kit-ChingJames McAllister. NO Exit: America and the German Problem, 1943–1954.Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 2002. Pp. viii, 283. $39.95 (US). Reviewed by Frank NinkovichPeter C. Kent. The Lonely Cold War of Pope Pius XII: The Roman Catholic Church and the Division of Europe, 1943–1950.Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2002. Pp. viii, 321. $45.00 (CDN). Reviewed by Owen ChadwickTim Jones. Postwar Counterinsurgency and the SAS, 1945–1952: A Special Type of Warfare.London and Portland: Frank Cass, 2001. Pp. xxii, 233. $49.50 (US). Reviewed by Colin McInnesRichard Overy. Interrogations: The Nazi Elite in Allied Hands, 1945.New York and London: Viking, 2001. Pp. xxii, 650. $32.95 (US). Reviewed by Norman J. W. GodaJoy Damousi. Living with the Aftermath: Trauma, Nostalgia, and Grief in Postwar Australia.New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001. Pp. viii, 240. $60.00 (US). Reviewed by Bruce ScatesSean M. Maloney. Canada and UN Peacekeeping: Cold War by Other Means, 1945-1970.St Catharines, Ont.: Vanwell Publishing, 2002. Pp. xiv, 265. $35.00 (CDN), paper. Reviewed by Desmond MortonArnold A. Offner. Another Such Victory: President Truman and the Cold War, 1945–1953.Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2002. Pp. xv, 626. $37.95 (US) Reviewed by Andrew J. DunarFrank Heinlein. British Government Policy and Decolonisation, 1945–1963: Scrutinising the Official Mind.London and Portland: Frank Cass, 2002. Pp. xiii, 337- $57.50 (US). Reviewed by David GoldsworthyMatthew Connelly. A Diplomatic Revolution: Algeria's Fight for Independence and the Origins of the Post-Cold War Era.New York: Oxford University Press, 2002. Pp. xviii, 400. $113.95 (CDN). Reviewed by Phillip C. NaylorMartin Schain, ed. The Marshall Plan: Fifty Years After.Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave, 2001. Pp. xiii, 297. $59.95 (US); Vibeke Sørensen. Denmark's Social Democratic Government and the Marshall Plan, 1947–1950, ed. Mogens Riidiger. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, University of Copenhagen, 2001; dist. Portland: ISBS. Pp. 360. $47.00 (US), paper. Reviewed by Alan S. MilwardSumit Ganguly. Conflict Unending: India-Pakistan Tensions since 1947.New York: Columbia University Press; Washington: Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 2001. Pp. 187. $18.50 (US), paper; C. Dasgupta. War and Diplomacy in Kashmir, 1947-48.New Delhi and Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, 2002. Pp. 239. $44.00 (US). Reviewed by Anita Inder SinghHubert Zimmermann. Money and Security: Troops, Monetary Policy, and West Germany's Relations with the United States and Britain, 1950–1971.Washington and New York: German Historical Institute and Cambridge University Press, 2002. Pp. xvi, 275. $45.00 (US). Reviewed by Donald AbenheimJennifer Milliken. The Social Construction of the Korean War: Conflict and Its Possibilities.Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press, 2001; dist. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press. Pp. xi, 258. $107.00 (CDN). Reviewed by K. M. FierkePercy Cradock. Know Your Enemy: How the Joint Intelligence Committee Saw the World.London: John Murray, 2002. Pp. xii, 351. £25.00. Reviewed by Richard J. AldrichThe Military History Institute Of Vietnam. Victory in Vietnam: The Official History of the People's Army of Vietnam, 1954–1975, trans. Merle L. Pribbenow; foreword by William J. Duiker. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2002. Pp. xxvi, 494. $49.95 (US). Reviewed by Robert K. BrighamJeffrey Glen Giauque. Grand Designs and Visions of Unity: The Adantic Powers and the Reorganization of Western Europe, 1955–1963.Chapel Hill and London: University of North Carolina Press, 2002; dist. Toronto: Scholarly Book Services. Pp. 326. $32.95 (CDN), paper. Reviewed by Wolfram KaiserRobert D. Dean. Imperial Brotherhood: Gender and the Making of Cold War Foreign Policy.Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2001. Pp. x, 329. $29.95 (US). Reviewed by Wesley T. WooleyPiero Gleijeses. Conflicting Missions: Havana, Washington, and Africa, 1959–1976.Chapel Hill and London: University of North Carolina Press, 2002; dist. Toronto: Scholarly Book Services. Pp. xix, 552. $57.75 (CDN). Reviewed by Wayne S. SmithM. E. Sarotte. Dealing with the Devil: East Germany, Dátente, and Ostpolitik, 1969–1973.Chapel Hill and London: University of North Carolina Press, 2001; dist. Toronto: Scholarly Book Services. Pp. xvii, 295. $32.95 (CDN), paper. Reviewed by Helga HaftendornWakaizumi Kei. The Best Course Available: A Personal Account of the Secret US Japan Okinawa Reversion Negotiations, ed. John Swenson-Wright. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2002. Pp. x, 367. $49.00 (US). Reviewed by Hugo DobsonDelia M. Boylan. Defusing Democracy: Central Bank Autonomy and the Transition from Authoritarian Rule.Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2001. Pp. xiii, 295. $49.50 (US). Reviewed by Sylvia MaxfieldAhmed Rashid. Jihad: The Rise of Militant Islam in Central Asia.New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2002. Pp. xiv, 281. $24.00 (US). Reviewed by Virginia MartinFrançois Furet and Ernst Nolte. Fascism and Communism, trans. Katherine Golsan. Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press, 2001. Pp. xvii, 98. $35.00 (US). Reviewed by Martin KitchenMark R. Beissinger. Nationalist Mobilization and the Collapse of the Soviet State.New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Pp. xv, 503. $80.00 (US). Reviewed by Taras KuzioElinor C. Sloan. The Revolution in Military Affairs: Implications for Canada and NATO.Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2002. Pp. xi, 188. $24.95 (CDN), paper. Reviewed by Joel J. SokolskyMichael Keren and Donald A. Sylvan, eds. International Intervention: Sovereignty versus Responsibility.London and Portland: Frank Cass, 2002. Pp. xi, 191. $26.50 (US), paper. Reviewed by Nicholas OnufDarren G. Hawkins. International Human Rights and Authoritarian Rule in Chile.Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press, 2002. Pp. xiii, 259. $45.00 (US). Reviewed by Brian LovemanAkira Iriye. Global Community: The Role of International Organizations in the Making of the Contemporary World.Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2002. Pp. ix, 246. $29.95 (US). Reviewed by Chadwick F. Alger

Two short routes to novel methylated pentacyclic quinoacridinium salts have been devised. New compounds display telomerase-inhibitory potency (<1 μM) in the TRAP assay. 3,11-Difluoro-6,8,13-trimethyl-8H-quino[4,3,2-kl]acridinium methosulfate (12d, RHPS4, NSC 714187) has a higher selectivity for triplex and quadruplex DNA structures than the 3,6,8,11,13-pentamethyl analogue (12c, RHPS3, NSC 714186) and a low overall growth-inhibitory activity in the NCI 60 cell panel (mean GI50 13.18 μM); in addition, the activity profile of 12d does not COMPARE with agents of the topoisomerase II class. Compound 12d is soluble in water, stable in the pH range of 5−9, efficiently transported into tumor cells, and is currently the lead structure for further elaboration in this new class of telomerase inhibitor.

PETER S. WELLS. The Barbarians Speak: How the Conquered. Peoples Shaped Roman Europe. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1999. Pp. xii, 335. $29.95 (US). Reviewed by Arthur M. EcksteinDAVID ABULAFIA, ed. The New Cambridge Medieval History: V: c. 1198–c. 1300. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999. Pp. xxiii, 1,045. $120.00 (US). Reviewed by T. N. BissonCHRISTOPH T. MAIER. Crusade Propaganda and Ideology: Model Sermons for the Preaching of the Cross. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Pp. viii, 280. $59.95 (US). Reviewed by James A. BrundageGAUVIN ALEXANDER BAILEY. Art on the Jesuit Missions in Asia and Latin America, 1542–1773. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1999. Pp. xii, 310. $65.00 (CDN). Reviewed by John E. Wills Jr.KARIN FRIEDRICH. The Other Prussia: Royal Prussia, Poland, and Liberty, 1569–1772. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Pp. xix, 280. $64.95 (US). Reviewed by Richard J. ButterwickLUCIEN BÉLY. La société des princes: XVIe-XVIIIe siècle. Paris: Fayard, 1999. Pp. 651. FF 195.00. Reviewed by Randall LesafferANN SAVOURS. The Search for the North West Passage. New York: Palgrave, 1999. Pp. x, 342. $29.95 (US). Reviewed by Trevor H. LevereALISON GAMES. Migration and the Origins of the English Atlantic World. Cambridge, Mass, and London: Harvard University Press, 1999. Pp. xiii, 322. $45.00(US). Reviewed by Natalie ZacekGLYN WILLIAMS. The Prize of All the Oceans: The Triumph and Tragedy of Anson's Voyage round the World. London: HarperCollins, 1999. Pp. xxi, 264. £19.99. Reviewed by Philip WoodfineTIMOTHY J. SHANNON. Indians and Colonists at the Crossroads of Empire: The Albany Congress of 1754. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2000. Pp. xv, 268. $39.95 (US). Reviewed by Eric HinderakerNEVILLE THOMPSON. Earl Bathurst and the British Empire, 1762–1834. London: Leo Cooper, 1999. Pp. xii, 308. £25.00. Reviewed by J. E. CooksonGEORGE FORSTEK. A Voyage round the World: I and II, ed. Nicholas Thomas and Oliver Berghof, assisted by Jennifer Newell. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2000. Pp. xlvii, 475 (I); xv, 477–860 (II). $115.00 (US), for the set. Reviewed by Alan FrostDICK DOUWES. The Ottomans in Syria: A History of Justice and Oppression. London and New York: I. B. Tauris, 2000; dist. New York: Palgrave. Pp. viii, 244. $55.00 (US). Reviewed by Daniel CreceliusEFRAIM KARSH and INARI KARSH. Empires of the Sand: The Struggle for Mastery in the Middle East, 1789–1923. Cambridge, Mass, and London: Harvard University Press, 1999. Pp. x, 409. $29.95 (US). Reviewed by Feroz AhmadDAVID VITAL. A People Apart: The Jews in Europe, 1789–1939. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999. Pp. xviii, 944. £30.00. Reviewed by M. BerkowitzBRIAN DOLAN. Exploring European Frontiers: British Travellers in the Age of Enlightenment. New York: Palgrave, 2000. Pp. xi, 232. $59.95 (US). Reviewed by Jeremy BlackCATHRYN BRENNAN and MURRAY FRAME, eds. Russia and the Wider World in Historical Perspective: Essays for Paul Dukes. New York: Palgrave, 2000. Pp. xviii, 234. $68.00 (US). Reviewed by Matthew S. AndersonLAMIN SANNEH. Abolitionists Abroad: American Blacks and the Making of Modern West Africa. Cambridge, Mass, and London: Harvard University Press, 1999. Pp. xv, 291. $29.95(US). Reviewed by Graham Russell HodgesJOHN B. HATTENDORF. Naval History and Maritime Strategy: Collected Essays. Malabar, Fla.: Krieger Publishing Company, 2000. Pp. x, 284. $29.50 (US). Reviewed by Holger H. HerwigULRIKE KIRCHBERGER. Aspekte deutsch-britischer Expansion: Die Überseeinteressen der deutschen Migranten in Großbritannien in der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1999. Pp. 508. DM 166.00. Reviewed by Herman J. HieryWINFRIED BAUMGART. Europäsches Konzert und nationale Bewegung: Internationale Beziehungen, 1830–1878. Paderborn: Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh, 1999. Pp. xv, 600. DM 188.00. Reviewed by Ann Pottinger SaabWINFRIED BAUMGART. The Crimean War, 1853–1856. London and New York: Arnold and Oxford University Press, 1999. Pp. xi, 244. £16.99, paper. Reviewed by David GoldfrankANTHONY KIRK-GREENE. Britain's Imperial Administrators, 1858–1966. New York: Palgrave, 2000. Pp. xv, 347. $79.95 (US). Reviewed by D. K. FieldhouseJ. E. HOARE. Embassies in the East: The Story of the British and Their Embassies in China, Japan, and Korea from 185g to the Present. Surrey, UK: Curzon Press, 1999; dist. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. Pp. xvi, 238. $49.00 (US). Reviewed by Ian NishLAWRENCE A. CLAYTON. Peru and the United States: The Condor and the Eagle. Athens, Ga. and London: University of Georgia Press, 1999. Pp. xii, 363. $20.00 (US), paper. Reviewed by David RyanJENNIFER M. T. CARTER. Painting the Islands Vermilion: Archibald Watson and the Brig ‘Carl’. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 1999. Pp. xiv, 279. $45.00 (AUS). Reviewed by Clive MooreNITZA BERKOVITCH. From Motherhood to Citizenship: Women's Rights and International Organizations. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999. Pp. xii, 207. $34.95 (US). Reviewed by Francisco O. RamirezMICHAEL HUGHES. Diplomacy before the Russian Revolution: Britain, Russia, and the Old Diplomacy, 1894–1917. New York: Palgrave, 2000. Pp. xii, 222. $65.00 (US). Reviewed by Keith NeilsonRAANAN REIN, ed. Spain and the Mediterranean since 1898. London and Pordand: Frank Cass, 1999. Pp. 255. $54.50 (US), cloth; $24.50 (US), paper. Reviewed by Michael RichardsJAMES HAMILTON-PATERSON. America's Boy: A Century of Colonialism in the Philippines. New York: Henry Holt, 1999. Pp. xxv, 462. $30.00 (US). Reviewed by Nicholas B. CullatherMICHAEL D. CALLAHAN. Mandates and Empire: The League of Nations and Africa, 1914–1931. Brighton and Portland: Sussex Academic Press, 1999. Pp. ix, 297. $122.95 (US). Reviewed by James SearingJOHN F. WILLIAMS. Anzacs, the Media, and the Great War. Sydney: University of New South Wales Press, 1999; dist. Portland: ISBS. Pp. x, 302. $35.00 (US), paper. Reviewed by Raymond EvansSUSAN ZEIGER. In Uncle Sam's Service: Women Workers with the American Expeditionary Force, 1917–1919. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1999. Pp. x, 211. $37.50 (US). Reviewed by Deborah MontgomerieLEO J. BACINO. Reconstructing Russia: US Policy in Revolutionary Russia, 1917–1922. Kent: Kent State University Press, 1999. Pp. xii, 244. $39.00 (US). Reviewed by Benjamin D. RhodesBENJAMIN F. MARTIN. France and the Après Guerre, 1918–1924: Illusions and Disillusionment. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1999; dist. Toronto: Scholarly Book Services. Pp. xii, 278. $49.95 (US), cloth; $22.50 (US), paper. Reviewed by Joel BlattANTHONY HEYWOOD. Modernising Lenin's Russia: Economic Reconstruction, Foreign Trade, and the Railways. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999. Pp. xviii, 328. $69.95 (US). Reviewed by E. A. ReesLENNART SAMUELSON. Plans for Stalin's War Machine: Tukhachevskii and Military-Economic Planning, 1925–194l. New York: Palgrave, 2000. Pp. xv, 267. $65.00 (US). Reviewed by Alaric SearleDAVID ALVAREZ. Secret Messages: Codebreaking and American Diplomacy, 1930–1945. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2000. Pp. xi, 292. $35.00 (US). Reviewed by Edward J. DreaVICKI CARON. Uneasy Asylum: France and the Jewish Refugee Crisis, 1933–1942. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1999. Pp. xi, 605. $65.00 (US). Reviewed by Elisabeth GlaserIGOR LUKES and ERIK GOLDSTEIN, eds. The Munich Crisis, 1938: Prelude to World War II. London and Portland: Frank Cass, 1999. Pp. xi, 402. $57.50 (US). Reviewed by Milan HaunerPIERRE GROSSER. Pourquoi la Seconde Guerre mondiale?Paris: Editions Complexe, 1999. Pp. 303. FF 139.00, paper. Reviewed by David ReynoldsSARAH FISHMAN, LAURA LEE DOWNS, IOANNIS SINANOGLOU, LEONARD V. SMITH, and ROBERT ZARETSKY, eds. France at War: Vichy and the Historians, trans. David Lake. Oxford and New York: Berg, 2000. Pp. ix, 336. $65.00 (US). Reviewed by Martin ThomasIAN LYALL GRANT and KAZUO TAMAYAMA. Burma 1942: The Japanese Invasion: Both Sides Tell the Story of a Savage Jungle War. Chichester: Zampi Press, 1999. Pp. xvi, 416. £25.00. Reviewed by Raymond A. CallahanDAVID LOWE. Menzies and the ‘Great World Struggle’: Australia's Cold War, 1948–1954. Sydney: University of New South Wales Press, 1999; dist. Pordand: ISBS. Pp. x, 243. $35.00 (US), paper; A. W. MARTIN. Robert Menzies: A Life: II: 1944–1978. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 1999. Pp. xx, 596. $49.95 (AUS). Reviewed by Coral BellJEAN-CLAUDE FAVEZ. The Red Cross and the Holocaust, ed. and trans. John and Beryl Fletcher. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999. Pp. xxxii, 353. $39.95 (US). Reviewed by John F. HutchinsonPIETER LAGROU. The Legacy of Nazi Occupation: Patriotic Memory and National Recovery in Western Europe, 1945–1965. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Pp. xiii, 327. $59.95 (US). Reviewed by Andrew ShennanJOHN W. DOWER. Embracing Defeat: Japan in the Wake of World War II. London: Allen Lane, Penguin Press, 1999. Pp. 676. £25.00. Reviewed by Peter DuusJESSICA C. E. GIENOW-HECHT. Transmission Impossible: American Journalism as Cultural Diplomacy in Postwar Germany, 1945–1955. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1999; dist. Toronto: Scholarly Book Services. Pp. xx, 230. $47.50 (CDN), cloth; $22.50 (CDN), paper. Reviewed by V. R. BerghahnUTA G. POIGER. Jazz, Rock, and Rebels: Cold War Politics and American Culture in a Divided Germany. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000. Pp. xiii, 333. $19.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by Konrad H. JarauschHERMANN FIELD and KATE FIELD. Trapped in the Cold War: The Ordeal of an American Family. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1999. Pp. 451. $45.00 (US). Igor LukesADNAN ABU-ODEH. Jordanians, Palestinians, and the Hashemite Kingdom in the Middle East Peace Process. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1999. Pp. xviii, 322. $19.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by Mary C. WilsonQIANG ZHAI. China and the Vietnam Wars, 1950–1975. Chapel Hill and London: University of North Carolina Press, 2000; dist. Toronto: Scholarly Book Services. Pp. xii, 304. $82.50 (CDN). Reviewed by Williams J. DuikerDAVID J. BERCUSON. Blood on the Hills: The Canadian Army in the Korean War. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1999. Pp. xvi, 269. $35.00 (CDN). Reviewed by Williams JohnstonSIMON DUKE. The Elusive Quest for European Security: From EDC to CFSP. New York: Palgrave, 2000. Pp. xvii, 406. $69.95 (US). Reviewed by Anne DeightonELIE PODEH. The Decline of Arab Unity: The Rise and Fall of the United Arab Republic. Brighton and Portland: Sussex Academic Press, 1999. Pp. xv, 292. $115.95 (US). Reviewed by Philip S. KhouryDONETTE MURRAY. Kennedy, Macmillan, and Nuclear Weapons. New York: Palgrave, 2000. Pp. x, 220. $65.00 (US). Reviewed by Scott LucasMATTHEW EVANGELISTA. Unarmed Forces: The Transnational Movement to End the Cold War. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1999. Pp. ix, 406. $39.95 (US). Reviewed by Thomas RisseMAREK ANDRZEJEWSKI and HUBERT RINKLAKE. ‘To Live, You Have To Be Well-Informed’: Erich Brost: Danzig Editor, Man of Resistance, Publisher, and Editorin-Chief of the ‘Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung’, trans. David Higgins. Warsaw and Bonn: Polish Academy of Science and Friedrich-Ebert-Foundation, 1999. Pp. 246. DM 38.00. Reviewed by William Lee BlackwoodRHODRI JEFFREYS-JONES. Peace Now: American Society and the Ending of the Vietnam War. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1999. Pp. ix, 308. $25.00 (US). Reviewed by David W. LevyKATHRYN JACQUES. Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan: International Relations and Regional Tensions in South Asia. New York: Palgrave, 2000. Pp. xii, 239. $65.00 (US). Reviewed by Sumit GangulyLAWRENCE FREEDMAN. The Politics of British Defence, 1978–98. New York: Palgrave, 1999. Pp. xi, 259. $65.00 (US). Reviewed by Michael CarverANTHONY FORSTER. Britain and the Maastricht Negotiations. New York: Palgrave, 1999. Pp. ix, 211. $65.00 (US). Reviewed by Andrew MoravcsikJOHN GLENN. The Soviet Legacy in Central Asia. New York: Palgrave, 1999. Pp. xii, 198. $65.00 (US). Reviewed by Virginia MartinDOV LYNCH. Russian Peacekeeping Strategies in the CIS: The Cases of Moldova, Georgia, and Tajikistan. New York: Palgrave, 2000. Pp. xi, 265. $65.00 (US). Reviewed by Stephen BlankANTHONY MCDERMOTT. The New Politics of Financing the UN. New York: Palgrave, 2000. Pp. ix, 213. $65.00 (US). Reviewed by Gary B. OstrowerR. STEPHEN HUMPHREYS. Between Memory and Desire: The Middle East in a Troubled Age. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999. Pp. xxii, 297. $29.95 (US). Reviewed by Richard W. BullietVAN COUFOUDAKIS, HARRY J. PSOMIADES, and ANDRE GEROLYMATOS, eds. Greece and the New Balkans: Challenges and Opportunities. New York: Pella Publishing, 1999. Pp. 478. $30.00 (US), paper. Reviewed by George J. MarcopoulosWILLIAM R. THOMPSON, ed. Great Power Rivalries. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1999. Pp. viii, 414. $45.00 (US). Reviewed by Paul F. Diehl

MICHAEL RICHTER. Ireland and Her Neighbours in the Seventh Century. New York: St Martin's Press, 1999. Pp. 256. $55.00 (US). Reviewed by Dáibhí Ó CróinínTIMOTHY BROOK and GREGORY BLUE, eds. China and Historical Capitalism: Genealogies of Sinological Knowledge. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999. Pp. xii, 291. $64.95 (US). Reviewed by Gang DengANDREAS KIESEWETTER. Die Anfänge der Regierung König Karls II. von Anjou (1278–1295): Das Königreich Neapel, die Grafschaft Provence und der Mittelmeerraum zu Ausgang des 13. Jahrhunderts. Husum: Matthiesen Verlag, 1999. Pp. 650. DM 168.00. Reviewed by Jean DunbabinPETER JACKSON. The Delhi Sultanate: A Political and Military History. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999. Pp. xx, 367. $64.95 (US). Reviewed by Jos GommansARND REITEMEIER. Auβenpolitik im Spätmittelalter: Die diplomatischen Beziehungen zwischen dem Reich und England, 1377–1422. Paderborn: Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh, 1999. Pp. 572. DM 98.00. Reviewed by Jens RöhrkastenTHOMAS H. B. SYMONS, ed., with the assistance of STEPHEN ALSFORD and CHRIS KITZAN. Meta Incognita: A Discourse of Discovery: Martin Frobisher's Arctic Expeditions, 1576–1578: Volume I. Pp. xlvi, 298; Volume II. Pp. vi, 299–636. Hull: Canadian Museum of Civilization, 1999. $45.00 (CDN) for set; paper. Reviewed by G. V. ScammellPIETER EMMER. The Dutch in the Atlantic Economy, 1580–1880: Trade, Slavery, and Emancipation. Aldershot and Brookfield: Ashgate, Variorum, 1998. Pp. xi, 283. $89.95 (US). Reviewed by B. W. HigmanNABIL MATAR. Turks, Moors, and Englishmen in the Age of Discovery. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999. Pp. xi, 268. $32.50 (US). Reviewed by Edhem EldemALAN FROST and JANE SAMSON, eds. Pacific Empires: Essays in Honour of Glyndwr Williams. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1999. Pp. xii, 334. $27.95 (CDN), paper. Reviewed by I. C. CampbellL. M. CULLEN. The Brandy Trade under the Ancien Régime: Regional Specialisation in the Charente. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998. Pp. xvii, 284. $69.95 (US). Reviewed by Paul ButelMARIANNE S. WOKECK. Trade in Strangers: The Beginnings of Mass Migration to North America. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1999. Pp. xxx, 319. $21.50 (US), paper. Reviewed by P. C. EmmerSEYMOUR DRESCHER. From Slavery to Freedom: Comparative Studies in the Rise and Fall of Atlantic Slavery. New York: New York University Press, 1999. Pp. xxv, 454. $45.00 (US). Reviewed by Martin KleinMICHAEL D. PEARLMAN. Warmaking and American Democracy: The Struggle over Military Strategy, 1700 to the Present. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1999; dist. London: Eurospan. Pp. xi, 441. £35.95. Reviewed by Jerry CooperKIRSTY CARPENTER. Refugees of the French Revolution: Émigrés in London, 1789–1802. New York: St Martin's Press, 1999. Pp. xxviii, 259. $65.00 (US). Reviewed by Simon BurrowsEMMA VINCENT MACLEOD. A War of Ideas: British Attitudes to the Wars against Revolutionary France, 1792–1802. Aldershot and Brookfield: Ashgate, 1998. Pp. viii, 240. $76.95 (US). Reviewed by J. E. CooksonKOSTAS P. KOSTIS, ed. Modern Banking in the Balkans and West-European Capital in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. Aldershot and Brookfield: Ashgate, 1999. Pp. vi, 255. $86.95 (US). Reviewed by Guy VanthemscheLATA MANI. Contentious Traditions: The Debate on Sati in Colonial India. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998. Pp. xiv, 246. $18.00 (US), paper. Reviewed by Robert Eric FrykenbergKENNETH D. LEHMAN. Bolivia and the United States: A Limited Partnership. Athens and London: University of Georgia Press, 1999. Pp. xviii, 296. $20.00 (US), paper. Reviewed by William P. StedmanPETER BALDWIN. Contagion and the State in Europe, 1830–1930. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999. Pp. xiii, 581. $69.95 (US). Reviewed by Paul SlackCHRISTOPHER SCHMIDT-NOWARA. Empire and Antislavery: Spain, Cuba, and Puerto Rico, 1833–1874. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1999. Pp. xiii, 239. $22.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by Franklin W. KnightDAVID WALKER. Anxious Nation: Australia and the Rise of Asia, 1850–1939. St Lucia: University of Queensland Press, 1999. Pp. xv,312. $29.95 (AUS), paper. Reviewed by Peter PhelpsFAREED ZAKARIA. From Wealth to Power: The Unusual Origins of America's World Role. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1998. Pp. x, 199. $29.95 (US). Reviewed by Richard RosecranceECKARD MICHELS. Deutsche in der FremdenUgion, 1870–1965: Mythen und Realitäten. Paderborn: Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh, 1999. Pp. 362. DM 68.00. Reviewed by Geoffrey WawroRAYMOND E. DUMETT. El Dorado in West Africa: The Gold-Mining Frontier, African Labor, and Colonial Capitalism in the Gold Coast, 1875–1900. Athens: Ohio University Press, 1998. Pp. xviii, 396. $19.95 (US)> paper; DIANE FROST. Work and Community among West African Migrant Workers since the Nineteenth Century. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 1999; dist. Portland: ISBS. Pp. 278. $44.95 (US). Reviewed by Ray A. KeaPAUL CHARLES MERKLEY. The Politics of Christian Zionism, 1891–1948. London and Portland: Frank Cass, 1998. Pp. x, 223. $52.50 (US), cloth; $24.50 (US), paper. Reviewed by Rory MillerAMIRA SONBOL, trans, and ed. The Last Khedive of Egypt: Memoirs of Abbas Hilmi II. Reading: Ithaca Press, 1998. Pp. xiii,390. $45.00 (US). Reviewed by Israel GershoniFRANCIS ANTHONY BOYLE. Foundations of World Order: The Legalist Approach to International Relations (1898–1922). Durham, NC and London: Duke University Press, 1999. Pp. ix, 220. $18.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by Eileen ScullyDAVID WOLFF. To the Harbin Station: The Liberal Alternative in Russian Manchuria, 1898–1914. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1999. Pp. xiv, 255. $49.50 (US). Reviewed by R. Edward GlatfelterROBERT BICKERS. Britain in China: Community, Culture, and Colonialism, 1900–1949. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1999; dist. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press. Pp. xii, 276. £45.00. Reviewed by D. W. ClaytonSUSAN STRASSER, CHARLES MCGOVERN, and MATTHIAS JUDT, eds. Getting and Spending: European and American Consumer Societies in the Twentieth Century. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998. Pp. xiv, 477. $59.95 (US), cloth; $21.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by Joy ParrJOANNA BOURKE. An Intimate History of Killing: Face-to-Face Killing in Twentieth-Century Warfare. New York: Basic Books, 1999. Pp. xxiii, 509. $30.00 (US). Reviewed by S. P. MacKenzieNICHOLAS A. LAMBERT. Sir John Fisher's Naval Revolution. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1999. Pp. xvi, 410. $39.95 (US). Reviewed by C. I. HamiltonSUSAN R. GRAYZEL. Women's Identities at War: Gender, Motherhood, and Politics in Britain and France during the First World War. Chapel Hill and London: University of North Carolina Press, 1999; dist. Toronto: Scholarly Book Services. Pp. xix, 334. $32.95 (CDN), paper. Reviewed by Margaret R. HigonnetTRUDI TATE. Modernism, History, and the First World War. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1998; dist. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press. Pp. vii, 196. $27.95 (US)> paper. Reviewed by Robert L. NelsonSTÉPHANE COURTOIS, NICOLAS WERTH, JEAN-LOUIS PANNÉ, ANDRZEJ PACZKOWSKI, KAREL BARTOŠEK, and JEAN-LOUIS MARGOLIN, eds. The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression, trans. Jonathan Murphy and Mark Kramer. Cambridge, Mass, and London: Harvard University Press, 1999. Pp. xx, 858. $37.50 (US). Reviewed by Peter KonecnyCECELIA LYNCH. Beyond Appeasement: Interpreting Interwar Peace Movements in World Politics. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1999. Pp. xi, 238. $32.50 (US). Reviewed by James HintonPHILIPP HEYDE. Das Ende der Reparationen: Deutschland, Frankreich und der Youngplan, 1929–1932. Paderborn: Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh, 1998. Pp. 506. DM 128.00. Reviewed by Andrew J. CrozierB. J. C MCKERCHER. Transition of Power: Britain's Loss of Global Pre-eminence to the United States, 1930–1945. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999. Pp. xii, 403. $64.95 (US). Reviewed by Warren F. KimballSTEFAN HELL. Der Mandschurei-Konflikt: Japan, China und der Völkerbund, 1931 bis 1933. Tübingen: Universitas Verlag Tübingen, 1999. Pp. 285. DM 48.00, paper. Reviewed by Manfred JonasTHOMAS W. ZEILER. Free Trade, Free World: The Advent of GATT. Chapel Hill and London: University of North Carolina Press, 1999. Pp. xii, 267. $39.95 (US). Reviewed by Emily S. RosenbergROBERT STRADLING. The Irish and the Spanish Civil War, 1936–39: Crusades in Conflict. Manchester: Mandolin, 1999; dist. New York: St Martin's Press. Pp. xi, 288. $79.95 (US); FEARGHAL MCGARRY. Irish Politics and the Spanish Civil War. Cork: Cork University Press, 1999. Pp. 326. IR £45.00, cloth; IR £15.95, paper. Reviewed by Antonio Cazorla-SánchezYOSSI KATZ. Partner to Partition: The Jewish Agency's Partition Plan in the Mandate Era. London and Portland: Frank Cass, 1998. Pp. xii, 209. $49.50 (US), cloth; $24.50 (US), paper. Reviewed by Motti GolaniMICHAEL DOCKRILL. British Establishment Perspectives on France, 1936–40. New York: St Martin's Press, 1999. Pp. xiii, 212. $65.00 (US). Reviewed by John CharmleyMICHAEL JABARA CARLEY. 1939: The Alliance That Never Was and the Coming of World War II. Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 1999. Pp. xxv, 321. $28.95 (US). Reviewed by Talbot ImlayDAVID M. GLANTZ. Zhukov's Greatest Defeat: The Red Army's Epic Disaster in Operation Mars, 1942. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1999. Pp. x, 421. $39.95 (US). Reviewed by Mary R. HabeckWILLIAM I. HITCHCOCK. France Restored: Cold War Diplomacy and the Quest for Leadership in Europe, 1944–1954. Chapel Hill and London: University of North Carolina Press, 1998. Pp. xii, 291. $18.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by Anne DeightonKEES BOTERBLOEM. Life and Death under Stalin: Kalinin Province, 1945–1953. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1999. Pp. xxv, 435. $49.95 (CDN). Reviewed by J. Arch GettyCAROLINE WIEDMER. The Claims of Memory: Representations of the Holocaust in Contemporary Germany and France. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1999. Pp. x, 244. $39.95 (US). Reviewed by R. J. B. BosworthCOSTAS MELAKOPIDES. Pragmatic Idealism: Canadian Foreign Policy, 1945–1995. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1998. Pp. viii, 241. $39.95 (CDN). Reviewed by John EnglishPAOLO TRIPODI. The Colonial Legacy in Somalia: Rome and Mogadishu: From Colonial Administration to Operation Restore Hope. New York: St Martin's Press, 1999. Pp. xiv, 219. $72.00 (US). Reviewed by I. M. LewisYONG-PYO HONG. State Security and Regime Security: President Syngman Rhee and the Insecurity Dilemma in South Korea, 1953–60. New York: St Martin's Press, 2000. Pp. x, 219. $65.00 (US). Reviewed by William StueckROBERT R. BOWIE and RICHARD H. IMMERMAN. Waging Peace: How Eisenhower Shaped an Enduring Cold War Strategy. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998. Pp. x, 317. $74.95 (CDN); RICHARD H. IMMERMAN. John Foster Dulles: Piety, Pragmatism, and Power in US Foreign Policy. Wilmington: Scholarly Resources, 1999. Pp. xxvi, 221. $17.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by James L. GormlyPHILIP MURPHY. Alan Lennox-Boyd: A Biography. London and New York: I. B. Tauris, 1999; dist. New York: St Martin's Press. Pp. xi, 276. $39.50 (US). Reviewed by John RamsdenDONALD R. CULVERSON. Contesting Apartheid: US Activism, 1960–1987. Boulder: Westview Press, 1999. Pp. viii, 177. $75.00 (US). Reviewed by Thomas BorstelmannSTEPHEN G. RABE. The Most Dangerous Area in the World: John F. Kennedy Confronts Communist Revolution in Latin America. Chapel Hill and London: University of North Carolina Press, 1999. Pp. 257. $17.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by Stephen J. RandallJUDITH A. KLINGHOFFER. Vietnam, Jews, and the Middle East: Unintended Consequences. New York: St Martin's Press, 1999. Pp. xi, 232. $45.00 (US). Reviewed by Peter L. HahnROBERT K. BRIGHAM. Guerrilla Diplomacy: The NLF's Foreign Relations and the Viet Nam War. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1999. Pp. xviii, 215. $35.00 (US); ROBERT J. MCMAHON. The Limits of Empire: The United States and Southeast Asia since World War II. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999. Pp. xii, 276. $20.00 (US), paper. Reviewed by Philip E. CattonDOUGLAS A. BORER. Superpowers Defeated: Vietnam and Afghanistan Compared. London and Portland: Frank Cass, 1999. Pp. xxiii, 261. $57.50 (US), cloth; $26.50 (US), paper. Reviewed by Odd Arne WestadANDRÉ SZÁSZ. The Road to European Monetary Union. New York: St Martin's Press, 1999. Pp. xiii, 258. $69.95 (US). Reviewed by Scott LucasKENNETH W. STEIN. Heroic Diplomacy: Sadat, Kissinger, Carter, Begin, and the Quest for Arab-Israeli Peace. London and New York: Routledge, 1999. Pp. xix, 324. $24.99 (US), paper. Reviewed by William B. QuandtSTEPHEN J. MORRIS. Why Vietnam Invaded Cambodia: Political Culture and the Causes of War. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1999. Pp. xiii, 315. $49.50 (US). Reviewed by Carlyle A. ThayerSTUART CROFT, JOHN REDMOND, G. WYN REES, and MARK WEBBER. The Enlargement of Europe. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1999; dist. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press. Pp. xv, 188. £40.00. Reviewed by Bo PeterssonTORBJØRN L. KNUTSEN. The Rise and Fall of World Orders. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1999; dist. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press. Pp. x, 324. $24.95 (US): paper. Reviewed by William R. ThompsonMARK PECENY. Democracy at the Point of Bayonets. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1999. Pp. xiii, 254. $18.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by David P. ForsytheTHOMAS R. MOCKAITIS. Peace Operations and Intrastate Conflict: The Sword or the Olive Branch?Westport: Praeger, 1999. Pp. xii, 166. $55.00 (US). Reviewed by Paul F. DiehlROBERT MANDEL. Deadly Transfers and the Global Playground: Transnational Security Threats in a Disorderly World. Westport: Praeger, 1999. Pp. xiv, 139. $55.00 (US). Reviewed by Frederic S. PearsonLUCIAN M. ASHWORTH and DAVID LONG, eds. New Perspectives on International Functionalism. New York: St Martin's Press, 1999. Pp. xiv, 181. $65.00 (US). Reviewed by Margaret P. KarnsZACHARY SELDEN. Economic Sanctions as Instruments of American Foreign Policy. Westport: Praeger, 1999. Pp. x, 147. $49.95 (US). Reviewed by William H. KaempferJOANNE GOWA. Ballots and Bullets: The Elusive Democratic Peace. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1999. Pp. xii, 136. $27.50 (US). Reviewed by Randolph M. Siverson

MARGARET C. MILLER. Athens and Persia in the Fifth Century BC: A Study in Cultural Receptivity. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997. Pp. xiv, 331.$100.00 (us). Reviewed by Paul CartledgeJ. E. LENDON. Empire of Honour: The Art of Government in the Roman World. New York: Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press, 1997. Pp. xii, 320. $108.00(CDN). Reviewed by T.D. BarnesYOUSSEF COURBAGE and PHILIPPE FARGUES. Christians and Jews under Islam, trans. Judy Mabro. London: I. B. Tauris, 1997; dist. New York: St Martin's Press.Pp. xiii, 242. $59.50 (us). Reviewed by Bruce MastersJANET L. NELSON. The Frankish World, 750-900. London: Hambledon Press,1996. Pp. xxxi, 256. $60.00 (us). Reviewed by David F. ApplebyMATTHEW STRICKLAND. War and Chivalry: The Conduct and Perception of War inEngland and Normandy, 1066-1217. New York: Cambridge University Press,1996. Pp. xxii, 387. $69.95 (us). Reviewed by D.A. CarpenterANDRE WINK. Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World: Volume II: The Slave Kings and the Islamic Conquest, 11th-13th Centuries. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1997. Pp. xii, 427. $137-50 (us). Reviewed by Richard M. EatonULRIKE KESSLER. Richard I Löwenherz: König, Kreuzritter, Abenteurer. Graz: VerlagStyria, 1995. Pp. 367. DM 58. Reviewed by John GillinghamWILLIAM CHESTER JORDAN. The Great Famine: Northern Europe in the EarlyFourteenth Century. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996. Pp. ix, 317.$16.95 (us), paper. Reviewed by John LangdonDAURIL ALDEN. The Making of an Enterprise: The Society of Jesus in Portugal, ItsEmpire, and Beyond, 1540-1750. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1996. Pp.xxxi, 707. $75.00 (us). Reviewed by Murdo J. MacLeodHENRY KAMEN. Philip of Spain. New Haven and London: Yale University Press,1997. Pp. xvi, 384. $35.00 (us). Reviewed by Charles J. JagoLESLEY B. CORMACK. Charting an Empire: Geography at the English Universities,1580-1620. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1997. Pp. xvi, 281.$23-95 (us), paper. Reviewed by D.R. WoolfJOHN A. LYNN. Giant of the Grand Siecle: The French Army, 1610-1715. New York:Cambridge University Press, 1997. Pp. xx, 651. $64.95 (us)- Reviewed by Richard BooneyB. F. PORSHNEV. Muscovy and Sweden in the Thirty Years War, 1630-1635, trans.Brian Pearce; ed. Paul Dukes. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996. Pp.xxi, 256. $54-95 (us). Reviewed by Geoffrey ParkerMARGARET DEACON. Scientists and the Sea, 1650-1900 : A Study of Marine Science, 2nd ed. Aldershot and Brookfield: Ashgate Publishing, 1997. Pp. xl, 459. $85.95(us). Reviewed by N.A.M. RodgerFRANCOIS CROUZET. Britain, France, and International Commerce: From Louis XIV to Victoria. Aldershot: Variorum, 1996; dist. Brookfield: Ashgate Publishing.Pp. xii, 312. $94-95 (us); Reviewed by David HancockH. V. BOWEN. Elites, Enterprise, and the Making of the British Overseas Empire, 1688-1775. London: Macmillan, 1996; dist. New York: St Martin's Press. Pp. xiii,257-$59-95 (us). Reviewed by David HancockLAURENCE HUEY BOLES, JR. The Huguenots, the Protestant Interest, and the War ofthe Spanish Succession, 1702-1714. New York: Peter Lang, 1997. Pp. x, 287. $46.95(us). Reviewed by John C. RuleANTHONY CROSS. By the Banks of the Neva: Chapters from the Lives and Careers of the British in Eighteenth-Century Russia. New York: Cambridge University Press,1997. Pp. xv, 474. $80.00 (us). Reviewed by Janey HartleyS. ARASARATNAM. Maritime Commerce and English Power: Southeast India, 1750-1800. Aldershot: Variorum, 1996; dist. Brookfield, Ashgate Publishing. Pp. vii,326. $72.95 (us). Reviewed by Anthony DisneyLAURENCE BROCKLISS and DAVID EASTWOOD, eds. A Union of Multiple Identities:The British Isles, c. 1750-c. 1850. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1997;dist. New York: St Martin's Press. Pp. xviii, 222. $69.95 (us)- Reviewed by Keith RobinWALTER A. MCDOUGALL. Promised Land, Crusader State: The American Encounterwith the World since 1776. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1997. Pp. xiii, 286.$26.00 (us). Reviewed by Frank NinkovichJOSEPH R. FISCHER. A Well-Executed Failure: The Sullivan Campaign against the Iroquois, July-September 1779. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press,1997. Pp. x, 265. $29.95 (us). Reviewed by Robert S. GrumetJAN KŘEN. Die Konfliktgemeinschaft: Tschechen und Deutsche, 1780-1918. Munich: R. Oldenbourg Verlag, 1996. Pp. 404. DM 68; Reviewed by Karl F. BahmRUDOLF JAWORSKI and ROBERT LUFT, eds. 1948/49 Revolutionen in Ostmittel-europa. Munich: R. Oldenbourg Verlag, 1996. Pp. 455. DM 98. Reviewed by Karl F. BahmC. A. BAYLY. Empire and Information: Intelligence Gathering and Social Communicationin India, 1780-1870. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996. Pp.xiv, 412. $64.95 (us). Reviewed by Michael H. FisherJENNIFER MORI. William Pitt and the French Revolution, 1785-1795. New York: StMartin's Press, 1997. Pp. xi, 305. $55.00 (us). Reviewed by J.E. CooksonJOSEPH K. ADJAYE. Diplomacy and Diplomats in 19th Century Asante. Trentonand Asmara: Africa World Press, 1996. Pp. xiv, 265. $18.95 (us) paper. Reviewed by Ivor WilesABBAS AMANAT. Pivot of the Universe: Nasir al-Din Shah Qajar and the IranianMonarchy, 1831-1896. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997. Pp. xix,536.$45.00 (us). Reviewed by Gavin R. G. HamblyJÖRG BRECHTEFELD. Mitteleuropa and German Politics: 1848 to the Present. London:Macmillan, 1996; dist. New York: St Martin's Press. Pp. vii, 195. $49.95 (us); Reviewed by Christian LeitzROBERT MARK SPAULDING. Osthandel and Ostpolitik: German Foreign Trade Policiesin Eastern Europe from Bismarck to Adenauer. Providence: Berghahn Books,1997. Pp. xii, 546. $79.00 (us). Reviewed by Christian LeitzJOHN R. DAVIS. Britain and the German Zollverein, 1848-66. New York: St Martin'sPress, 1997. Pp. x, 238. $69.95 (us). Reviewed by John ClarkeAPOLLOS O. NWAUWA. Imperialism, Academe, and Nationalism: Britain and University Education for Africans, 1860-1960. London: Frank Cass, 1997; dist. Portland,Oreg.: ISBS. Pp. xix, 245. $49.50 (us). Reviewed by A. H. M. Kirk-GreeneG. D. SHEFFIELD, ed. Leadership and Command: The Anglo-American Military Experiencesince 1861. London: Brassey's, 1997. Pp. xiii, 242. £25.00. Reviewed by John P. CampbellJAKOB VOGEL. Nationen im Gleichschritt: Der Kult der ←Nation in Waffen→ in Deutschland und Frankreich, 1871-1914. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht,1997. Pp. 404. DM 78. Reviewed by Thomas RohkrämerDIETER BRÖTEL. Frankreich im Fernen Osten: Imperialistische Expansion undAspiration in Siam und Malaya, Laos, und China, 1880-1904. Stuttgart: FranzSteiner Verlag, 1996. Pp. xviii, 890. DM 198. Reviewed by Robert LeeH. L. WESSELING. Imperialism and Colonialism: Essays on the History of European Expansion. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1997. Pp. x, 212. $59-95 (us). Reviewed by William B. CohenROBERT COLE Propaganda in Twentieth Century War and Politics: An Annotated Bibliography. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 1996. Pp. xi, 402. $48.50 (us). Reviewed by Tony ShawIAN CLARK. Globalization and Fragmentation: International Relations in the Twentieth Century. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997. Pp. x, 220. $108.00(CDN). Reviewed by Richard CrockattMARTIN EVANS and KEN LUNN, eds. War and Memory in the Twentieth Century. Oxford and New York: Berg, 1997. Pp. xxiii, 272. $19.50 (us), paper. Reviewed by David ThomsRAJEN HARSHE. Twentieth Century Imperialism: Shifting Contours and Changing Conceptions. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage, 1997. Pp. 276. $29.95 (us)- Reviewed by Robert KubicekGOTTFRIED NIEDHART, DETLEF JUNKER, and MICHAEL W. RICHTER, eds. Deutschland in Europa: Nationale Interessen und Internationale Ordnung im 20. Jahrhundert. Mannheim: Palatium Verlag, 1997. Pp. xi, 402. DM 98. Reviewed by Ronald J. GranieriMICHAEL HUGHES. Inside the Enigma: British Officials in Russia, 1900-1939. London and Rio Grande: Hambledon Press, 1997. Pp. xi, 336. $55.00 (us). Reviewed by Dominic LeivenBRIAN MCALLISTER LINN. Guardians of Empire: The US Army and the Pacific, 1902-1940. Chapel Hill and London: University of North Carolina Press, 1997;dist. Toronto: Scholarly Book Services. Pp. xvi, 343. $61.95 (CDN). Reviewed by J. Garry CliffordLIAN Xi. The Conversion of Missionaries: Liberalism in American Protestant Missionsin China, 1907-1932. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press,1997. Pp. xiv, 247. $38.50 (us). Reviewed by Daniel Y. K. KwanHASAN KAYALI. Arabs and Young Turks: Ottomanism, Arabism, and lslamism inthe Ottoman Empire, 1908-1918. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997.Pp. xv, 291. $18.00 (us), paper. Reviewed by William L. ClevelandBOB REINALDA, ed. The International Transportworkers Federation, 1914-1948:The Edo Fimmen Era. Amsterdam: Stichting Beheer Internationaal Instituut voorSociale Geschiedenis, 1997. Pp. 301. NLG 62.50. Reviewed by Franklin BroezeJAMES S. CORUM. The Luftwaffe: Creating the Operational Air War, 1918-1940. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1997. Pp. ix, 378. $39.95 (us). Reviewed by John H. Morrow, Jr.EPHRAIM MAISEL. The Foreign Office and Foreign Policy, 1919-1926. Brighton:Sussex Academic Press, 1994. Pp. xi, 323. $54.95 (us); Reviewed by Briton C. BuschBÜLENT GÖKAY. A Clash of Empires: Turkey between Russian Bolshevism and British Imperialism, 1918-1923. London and New York: I. B. Tauris, 1997; dist. NewYork: St Martin's Press. Pp. x, 268. $59.50 (us). Reviewed by Briton C. BuschBRIAN G. MARTIN. The Shanghai Green Gang: Politics and Organized Crime, 1919-1937. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996. Pp. x, 314. $40.00 (us). Reviewed by Poshek FuJ. F. V. KEIGER. Raymond Poincaré. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997. Pp. x, 413. $64.95 (us). Reviewed by Martin ThomasM. L. R. SMITH. Fighting for Ireland? The Military Strategy of the Irish Republican Movement. London and New York: Routledge, 1997. Pp. xxvii, 265. $18.95(us), paper. Reviewed by Alan O'DayPHILIPP GASSERT. Amerika im Dritten Reich: Ideologie, Propaganda und Volksmeinung 1933-1945. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1997. Pp. 415. DM 84. Reviewed by Norman J. W. GodaIAN COWMAN. Dominion or Decline: Anglo-American Naval Relations in the Pacific, 1937-1941. Oxford and Washington: Berg, 1996; dist. New York: New YorkUniversity Press. Pp. x, 327. $19.50 (us), paper. Reviewed by Antony BestSTEVE WEISS. Allies in Conflict: Anglo-American Strategic Negotiations, 1938-1944. London: Macmillan, 1996; dist. New York: St Martin's Press. Pp. x, 213. $42.50(us). Reviewed by David ReynoldsNICHOLAS DOUMANIS. Myth and Memory in the Mediterranean: RememberingFascism's Empire. London: Macmillan, 1997; dist. New York: St Martin's Press.Pp. viii, 243. $65.00 (us). Reviewed by R. J. B. BosworthROLF-DIETER MULLER and GERD R. UEBERSCHAR. Hitler's War in the East, 1941-1945: A Critical Assessment, trans. Bruce D. Litde. Providence: Berghahn Books,1997. Pp. x, 405. $59.95 (us). Reviewed by Lawrence D. StokesMAOCHUN YU. OSS in China: Prelude to Cold War. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1996. Pp. xxii, 340. $35.00 (us). Reviewed by Christof MauchFRANCES M. B. LYNCH. France and the International Economy: From Vichy to the Treaty of Rome. London and New York: Roudedge, 1997. Pp. xv, 227. £45.00. Reviewed by Martin HornROBERT J. YOUNG. France and the Origins of the Second World War. London : Macmillan, 1996; dist. New York: St Martin's Press. Pp. 191. $18.95 (us)? paper; Reviewed by Anthony AdamthwaiteEUGENIA C. KIESLING. Arming against Hitler: France and the Limits of Military Planning. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1996. Pp. xiv, 260. $35.00 (us). Reviewed by Anthony AdamthwaiteJ. SAMUEL WALKER. Prompt and Utter Destruction: Truman and the Use of Atomic Bombs against Japan. Chapel Hill and London: University of North CarolinaPress, 1997. Pp. xiii, 142. $34-95 (us), cloth; $14.95 (us), paper. Reviewed by Michael S. SherryTOWNSEND HOOPES and DOUGLAS BRINKLEY. FDR and the Creation of the UN. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1997. Pp. xii, 287. $30.00 (us). Reviewed by Irwin F. GellmanMARTIN KERKHOFF. Groβbritannien, die Vereinigten Staaten und die Saarfrage 1945 bis 1954. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1996. Pp. 251. DM 88. Reviewed by Klaus LarresLAWRENCE ROBERT ARONSEN. American National Security and Economic Relationswith Canada, 1945-1954. Westport: Praeger, 1997. Pp. xxii, 212. $65.00 (us). Reviewed by Robert CuffMARY N. HAMPTON. The Wilsonian Impulse: US Foreign Policy, the Alliance, and German Unification. Westport: Praeger, 1996. Pp. x, 180. $55.00 (us). Reviewed by Robert David JohnsonALESSANDRO BROGI. L'ltalia e I'egemonia americana nel Mediterraneo: 1945-1958. Florence: La Nuova Italia Editrice, 1996. Pp. xxviii, 425. Lire 40.000. Reviewed by Giovanni SciroccoWOLFRAM KAISER. Using Europe, Abusing the Europeans: Britain and EuropeanIntegration, 1945-1963. London: Macmillan, 1996; dist. New York: St Martin's Press. Pp. xviii, 274. $40.00 (us). Reviewed by Alan S. MilwardEFRAIM KARSH. Fabricating Israeli History: The ‘New Historians’. London: FrankCass, 1997; dist. Pordand, Oreg.: ISBS. Pp. 210. $35.00 (us), cloth; $17.00 (us),paper. Reviewed by Itamar RabinovichMOSHE GAT. The Jewish Exodus from Iraq, 1948-1951. London: Frank Cass, 1997;dist. Pordand, Oreg.: ISBS. Pp. viii, 209. $49.95 (us), cloth; $19.95 (us)i paper. Reviewed by Majid KhadduriHAGGAI ESHED. Reuven Shiloah: The Man behind the Mossad: Secret Diplomacy inthe Creation of Israel, trans. David and Leah Zinder. London: Frank Cass, 1997;dist. Portland, Oreg.: ISBS. Pp. xxxv, 342. $39.50 (us). Reviewed by Efraim KarshJOSEPH MORRISON SKELLY. Irish Diplomacy at the United Nations, 145-1965: National Interests and the International Order. Dublin: Irish Academic Press,1997; dist. Pordand, Oreg.: ISBS. Pp. 314. $45.00 (us), cloth; $22.50 (us), paper. Reviewed by Michael KennedyGUSTAV SCHMIDT and CHARLES F. DORAN, eds. Amerikas Option für Deutschlandund Japan: Die Position und Rolle Deutschlands und Japans in regionalen undinternationalen Strukturen. Die 1950er und 1990er Jakre im Vergleich. Bochum: Universitätsverlag Dr N. Brockmeyer, 1996. Pp. xxix, 528. DM 128. Reviewed by Thomas U. BergerBRIAN TITLEY. Dark Age: The Political Odyssey of Emperor Bokassa. Montreal andKingston: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1997. Pp. xii, 257. $39.95 (CDN). Reviewed by Florence BernaultFRANCIS X. WINTERS. The Year of the Hare: America in Vietnam, January 25,1963-February 15, 1964. Adiens: University of Georgia Press, 1997. Pp. xii, 292.$29.95 (us). Reviewed by Kilj. Y YiWESLEY D. CHAPIN. Germany for the Germans? The Political Effects of International Migration. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1997. Pp. xv, 171. $55.00 (us). Reviewed by Hans-Georg BetzCLAUS HOFHANSEL. Commercial Competition and National Security: ComparingUS and German Export Control Policies. Westport: Praeger, 1996. Pp. 232. $59.95(us). Reviewed by Beverly CrawfordBOB CATLEY and MAKMUR KELIAT. Spratlys: The Dispute in the South China Sea. Aldershot and Brookfield: Ashgate Publishing, 1997. Pp. x, 221. $63.95 (us)- Reviewed by Victor PrescottPAUL SHARP. Thatcher's Diplomacy: The Revival of British Foreign Policy. New York: St Martin's Press, 1997. Pp. xviii, 269. $65.00 (us). Reviewed by Larry L. WitherellJAMES E. CRONIN. The World the Cold War Made: Order, Chaos, and the Return of History. London and New York: Routledge, 1996. Pp. xii, 332. $59-95 (CDN),cloui; $18.95 (CDN)5 paper. Reviewed by Anders StephansonJOHN GERARD RUGGIE. Winning the Peace: America and World Order in the New Era. New York: Columbia University Press, 1996. Pp. xiv, 237. $27.95 (us); Reviewed by Geoffrey S. SmithRONALD STEEL. Temptations of a Superpower: America's Foreign Policy after the Cold War. Cambridge, Mass, and London: Harvard University Press, 1995. Pp.144. $18.95 (us), cloth; $10.95 (us), paper. Reviewed by Geoffrey S. SmithRICHARD PELLS. Not Like Us: How Europeans Have Loved, Hated, and Transformed American Culture since World War II. New York: Basic Books, 1997. Pp.xviii, 444. $30.00 (us). Reviewed by Helle PorsdamAMY KNIGHT. Spies without Cloaks: The KGB's Successors. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996. Pp. 318. $24.95 (us)- Reviewed by Mark KramerKENNETH W. THOMPSON. Schools of Thought in International Relations: Interpreters,Issues, and Morality. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1996.Pp. xvi, 166. $40.00 (us), cloth; $14.95 (us)> paper. Reviewed by David LongMIRIAM FENDIUS ELMAN, ed. Paths to Peace: Is Democracy the Answer?Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1997. Pp. xi, 528. $22.50 (us), paper. Reviewed by Bruce RussettROGER D. SPEGELE. Political Realism in International Theory. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996. Pp. xix, 284. $59.95 (us). Reviewed by John J. MearsheimerJOHN A. ENGLISH. Marching through Chaos: The Descent of Armies in Theory and Practice. Westport: Praeger, 1996. Pp. x, 220. $59.95 (us). Reviewed by John F. SchmittJAMES HAWDON. Emerging Organizational Forms: The Proliferation of Regional Intergovernmental Organizations in the Modern World-System. Westport: GreenwoodPress, 1996. Pp. x, 161. $52.95 (us). Reviewed by Dimitris BourantonisADAM WATSON. The Limits of Independence: Relations between States in the Modern World. London and New York: Roudedge, 1997. Pp. xvi, 160. $20.99 (us),paper. Reviewed by Barry Buzan

A 1 year double-blind trial of bromperidol decanoate and fluphenazine decanoate was conducted in the maintenance treatment of 47 outpatients with schizophrenia. Six patients relapsed on bromperidol decanoate and none on fluphenazine decanoate, a difference which is statistically significant. No significant differences in positive and negative symptoms, nor depression measures were found between treatment groups when comparisons were made for change in score from entry to last visit. However, patients on fluphenazine decanoate achieved significantly better changes on social disability (Morningside scale) compared to those on bromperidol decanoate. The incidence of extrapyramidal side-effects was similar in both groups, and no statistically significant differences emerged in body weight change between treatments.

Fifteen acutely ill patients (8 male, 7 female) aged 19 to 63 who met DSM-III criteria for schizophrenic disorder or schizophreniform disorder participated in a 4-week open trial of raclopride.

We studied the effect of single doses of the 5-HT1Aagonist buspirone (10 mg and 20 mg) on food intake during the menstrual cycle of nine healthy women, none of whom were on a contraceptive pill. In a double-blind placebo-controlled trial, subjects were tested over three cycles, receiving one treatment per cycle. Within each cycle, they were tested at two time points; mid-follicular and late luteal. Food intake following 20 mg buspirone was significantly higher in the luteal phase, suggesting the possibility of pre-menstrually enhanced 5-HT receptor sensitivity.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of currently recognised inherited prothrombotic states in a population of children with arterial stroke. Methods Children with arterial stroke presenting to a tertiary level paediatric neurology centre between 1990 and 1996 were investigated for inherited prothrombotic states. Results Sixty seven children with arterial stroke were investigated. Abnormalities were initially identified in 16 patients; however, only eight children (12%) had an inherited prothrombotic state. This was type 1 protein S deficiency in one patient, the factor V Leiden mutation in six, and activated protein C resistance (without the factor V Leiden mutation) in one. The prevalence of the factor V Leiden mutation was not significantly higher in children with arterial stroke (12%) than in a control population of children without thrombosis attending the same institution (5.2%; Fisher's exact test, p=0.19; difference in prevalence between patients and controls (95% confidence interval)=6.8% (-2.78% to 16.8%)). ConclusionsCurrently recognised inherited prothrombotic tendencies were rarely associated with stroke in this group of children, although larger numbers of patients would be needed to confirm this. Age appropriate normal values should be used when interpreting the results of a prothrombotic screen. Prothrombotic abnormalities seen acutely are as often transient as inherited. Longitudinal assessment and family studies are required before low concentrations of an anticoagulant protein found acutely can be attributed to an inherited abnormality.

The aim of this naturalistic study was to compare the outcome of patients who continued on clozapine with that of those who discontinued treatment with this drug. Data from 113 patients who commenced clozapine between January 1990 arid June 1945 were available for analysis. The main outcome measures were hospitalization status at each anniversary since starting treatment, and the proportion of time spent in hospital by the survey endpoint. On average, patients had been ill for 11.8 years (SD 7.9) and had spent a total of 3.5 years (SD 5.3) in hospital, before treatment with clozapine. The mean duration of follow-up was 2.5 years (SD 1.25, range: 0.32–5.5), by which time 39 patients (35) had discontinued celozapine. Patients who remained on clozapine (n = 74) were no more likely to have been discharged from hospital than those who discontinued it (n = 39) by the end of the first, second or third year of treatment (p < 0.05). Recent reports of the cost-effectiveness of clozapine treatment should be interpreted with caution.

In a series of thirty-six patients treated with clozapine we report four cases who developed upper gastrointestinal symptoms suggestive of reflux oesophagitis within 6 weeks of starting this drug. Subsequent endoscopic examination revealed moderately severe erosive oesophagitis in three of them. Of these one had received treatment for a peptic ulcer in the past but the other two had no previous history of any upper gastrointestinal disorder. The pharmacology of clozapine in relation to gastro-oesophageal reflux is discussed.

Abstract: The nuclear microprobe is a spatially sensitive analytical instrument which exploits measurement of the particles or other radiations emitted when specimens are irradiated with beams of energetic charged-particles, most often having energies lying the range 0.5–4 MeV. Factors affecting the analytical and technical performance are discussed and examples given of application of the instrument to the fields of nuclear science and metallurgy, biology and geology.

There is a need for accurate surface area measurement of internal irregular anatomical structures in order to define light dosimetry in adjunctive intraoperative photodynamic therapy (AIOPDT). No satisfactory preoperative method exists of measuring this parameter. We have investigated whether computer-assisted triangulation of serial sections generated by computed tomography (CT) scanning can give an accurate assessment of the surface area of the walls of the true pelvis after anterior resection and before colorectal anastomosis. We have shown that the technique of paper density tessellation is an acceptable method of measuring the surface areas of phantom objects, with a maximum error of 0.5%, and is used as the gold standard. Computer-assisted triangulation of CT images of standard geometric objects and accurately-constructed pelvic phantoms gives a surface area assessment with a maximum error of 2.5% compared with the gold standard. The CT images of 20 patients' pelves have been analysed by computer-assisted triangulation and this shows that the surface area of the walls varies from 143 cm2to 392 cm2. Simple step-like analysis of images and approximation to geometric shapes with subsequent calculation give unacceptably high errors. The surface area of an internal, rigid, irregular surface area for illumination in AIOPDT can be accurately measured preoperatively by computer-assisted triangulation of CT images.

Abstract: Well focused beams of protons and other ions provide a very powerful means of determining how the elemental composition of a sample varies over its surface. Observation of the X-rays from proton bombardment can provide great sensitivity in most cases, while detection of nuclear effects has special applicability for elements of low atomic weight. A focusing system using high precision magnetic quadrupoles was designed and built for use with the IBIS 3 MeV Van de Graaff generator. Measurements of the first order focusing and aberrations agreed satisfactorily with theoretical predictions. The focused beam of 3 MeV protons was measured to have a diameter of less than 4 μm. The target chamber, deflection system and display system are described and examples given of use of the system. Backgrounds in X-ray detection are discussed and limits of detection are given.

The infusion of desmopressin (DDAVP) is important in the investigation and treatment of selected bleeding diatheses. The potential toxicity of DDAVP is well known. In infants, hyponatraemic convulsions have been reported mostly with repeated infusions of DDAVP and rarely in the context of a single, test dose of DDAVP. We report a case of an infant with a small, resolving spontaneous subdural haematoma in whom a standard test dose infusion of DDAVP resulted in severe hyponatraemia and convulsions. Urinary arginine vasopressin analysis retrospectively identified a subclinical form of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) as a likely predisposing factor. We conclude that even in patients with normal plasma sodium levels, DDAVP testing should be performed with caution and preferably deferred where the possibility of SIADH exists.

AimsThe Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health states that a paediatrician must be ‘sensitive, empathetic, persuasive’ and ‘good at communicating with a wide range of people’ including children of various ages to parents and other family members. They must involve and empower children and young people (CYP) in consultations and decisions regarding their health. This is especially important for children diagnosed with complex, long-term conditions. As part of a longstanding educational collaboration between our Community Paediatrics Department and local schools, we designed a survey to explore what CYP think about doctors to determine whether we fulfil their expectations.MethodWe designed a self-reporting questionnaire consisting of 8 Likert scale questions and one free-text response to be completed by children aged 7–16 years at local schools. The questions examined communication skills, empathy and interest in the concerns of CYP and their parents.ResultsOur questionnaire was completed by 701 children. They reported:– 67% of doctors are interested in opinions of CYP; however, 87% of doctors are interested in opinions of parents/carers.– 70% of doctors understand the worries of CYP.– 48% are confident to talk to doctors.– 75% of doctors explain things appropriately.– 65% had seen a doctor in preceding six monthsSummary of qualitative data: CYP want to be listened to.They value a caring, knowledgeable doctor who gives them honest, clear explanations in a friendly and comfortable environment. They want to be spoken to by an approachable, smiling doctor and shown respect ‘even on your night shift at 0630’.ConclusionsOur study suggests children feel doctors are more interested in their parent’s opinions. They want to be listened to and spoken to directly instead of relying on parents/carers. They value age-appropriate, open consultations. The data demonstrates that children have strong opinions of doctors, often as a result of direct experience where poor experiences appeared to have lasting, negative impressions. Understanding these views will help doctors to address their concerns, empower them to provide their own histories and participate in decisions regarding their care.

39 experiments were carried out in baboons using continuous intravenous infusion of alphaxalone-alphadolone as an anaesthetic for periods of up to 6 h. This steroid anaesthetic was found to be safe and reliable, with smooth, rapid induction, uneventful recovery, and no evidence of cumulative effect.