47 results on '"Conroy, S P"'
Search Results
2. Synthetic Diagnostics in the European Union Integrated Tokamak Modelling Simulation Platform
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Coelho, R., Äkäslompolo, S., Dinklage, A., Kus, A., Reimer, R., Sundén, E., Conroy, S., Blanco, E., Conway, G., Hacquin, S., Heuraux, S., Lechte, C., Silva, F. Da, Sirinelli, A., and ITM-TF, Contributors
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AbstractThe European Union Integrated Tokamak Modelling Task Force (ITM-TF) has developed a standardized platform and an integrated modeling suite of codes for the simulation and prediction of a complete plasma discharge in any tokamak. The framework developed by ITM-TF allows for the development of sophisticated integrated simulations (workflows) for physics application, e.g., free-boundary equilibrium with feedback control, magnetohydrodynamic stability analysis, core/edge plasma transport, and heating and current drive. A significant effort is also under way to integrate synthetic diagnostic modules in the ITM-TF environment, namely, focusing on three-dimensional reflectometry, motional Stark effect, and neutron and neutral particle analyzer diagnostics. This paper gives an overview of the conceptual design of ITM-TF and preliminary results of the aforementioned synthetic diagnostic modules.
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- 2013
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3. Characteristics of general practices associated with emergency admission rates to hospital: a cross-sectional study
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Bankart, M J G, Baker, R, Rashid, A, Habiba, M, Banerjee, J, Hsu, R, Conroy, S, Agarwal, S, and Wilson, A
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OBJECTIVES: To identify characteristics of general practices associated with emergency hospital admission rates, and determine whether levels of performance and patient reports of access are associated with admission rates. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. SETTING: Two primary care trusts (Leicester City and Leicestershire County and Rutland) in the East Midlands of England. PARTICIPANTS: 145 general practices. METHODS: Hospital admission data were used to calculate the rate of emergency admissions from 145 practices, for two consecutive years (2006/7 and 2007/8). Practice characteristics (size, distance from principal hospital, quality and outcomes framework performance data, patient reports of access to their practices) and patient characteristics (deprivation, ethnicity, gender and age), were used as predictors in a two-level hierarchical model, developed with data for 2007/8, and evaluated against data for 2006/7. RESULTS: Practice characteristics (shorter distance from hospital, smaller list size) and patient characteristics (higher proportion of older people, white ethnicity, increasing deprivation, female gender) were associated with higher admission rates. There was no association with quality and outcomes framework domains (clinical or organisation), but there was an association between patients reporting being able to see a particular general practitioner (GP) and admission rates. As the proportion of patients able to consult a particular GP increased, emergency admission rates declined. CONCLUSIONS: The patient characteristics of deprivation, age, ethnicity and gender are important predictors of admission rates. Larger practices and greater distance from a hospital have lower admission rates. Being able to consult a particular GP, an aspect of continuity, is associated with lower emergency admission rates.
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- 2011
4. Fusion Power Measurement Using a Combined Neutron Spectrometer-Camera System at JET
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Sjöstrand, Henrik, Sundén, E. Andersson, Bertalot, L., Conroy, S., Ericsson, G., Johnson, M. Gatu, Giacomelli, L., Gorini, G., Hellesen, C., Hjalmarsson, A., Källne, J., Popovichev, S., Ronchi, E., Weiszflog, M., and Tardocchi, M.
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AbstractFusion power production is the ultimate goal of fusion research, and its determination is crucial in any fusion energy application. In this paper the principles of collimated neutron flux measurements for fusion plasma power determination are described. In this method, a high-resolution neutron spectrometer provides an absolutely calibrated neutron flux, and a neutron profile monitor (“camera”) gives information on the neutron emission profile of the plasma. The total neutron flux seen by the spectrometer is discussed in terms of direct and scattered flux, and a model is set up to evaluate the magnitude of these different components. Particular care is taken to estimate the uncertainties involved, both in the model and the measurements. The method is put to practical use at JET, where a magnetic proton recoil spectrometer and a neutron profile monitor are available. Results from JET’s trace tritium experimental campaign in 2003 are presented and show that the systematic uncertainties in fusion power measurements are reduced in comparison to what has been presented for foil activation systems. A systematic error of 6% is reported here. For ITER these results imply that the fusion power can be redundantly measured and with better accuracies than for traditional methods.
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- 2010
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5. An Investigation of the Number and Cost of Assistive Devices Used by Older People Who Had Fallen and Called a 999 Ambulance
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Logan, P A, Murphy, A, Drummond, A E R, Bailey, S, Radford, K A, Gladman, J R F, Walker, M F, Robertson, K, Edmans, J A, and Conroy, S
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Some assistive devices, such as walking frames and bath boards, are provided by health and social services, but some are bought by people through shops, the internet and magazines or second hand. Using a face-to-face interview, the number and cost of assistive devices bought by people who had fallen and called a 999 ambulance were investigated.Two hundred and four older people (mean age 83 years, 72/35% men) who had fallen and called an emergency ambulance were interviewed at home by a research occupational therapist. A structured questionnaire about the cost and use of assistive devices was completed. Functional ability was measured using the Barthel Index and the Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living Scale.One hundred and ten people (54%) had bought their own devices, spending a median of £700 each. People with multiple sclerosis, cancer, heart conditions and Parkinson's disease had spent over twice as much as those with osteoarthritis, stroke, diabetes and dementia.Many older people buy their own assistive devices at a considerable cost to themselves. As social services direct payments allow people to manage their own care packages, more people will be buying direct and may be looking for advice.
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- 2007
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6. Proton-triton nuclear reaction in ICRF heated plasmas in JET
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Santala, M I K, Mantsinen, M J, Bertalot, L, Conroy, S, Kiptily, V, Popovichev, S, Salmi, A, Testa, D, Baranov, Yu, Beaumont, P, Belo, P, Brzozowski, J, Cecconello, M, deBaar, M, deVries, P, Gowers, C, Noterdaeme, J-M, Schlatter, C, and Sharapov, S
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Fast protons can react with tritons in an endothermic nuclear reaction which can act as a source of neutrons in magnetically confined fusion plasmas. We have performed an experiment to systematically study this reaction in low tritium concentration (?1%) plasmas in the Joint European Torus. A linear dependence is found between excess neutron rate and tritium concentration when the DT fusion rate is low. We discuss the properties of the neutron emission, including anisotropy, from the proton-triton reaction in a fusion reactor environment and derive simple models for the calculation of the neutron yield from this reaction in terms of tritium density, fast ion temperature and fast ion energy content.
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- 2006
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7. Neutron profiles and fuel ratio nT/nDmeasurements in JET ELMy H-mode plasmas with tritium puff
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Bonheure, G., Popovichev, S., Bertalot, L., Murari, A., Conroy, S., Mlynar, J., and Voitsekhovitch, I.
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Two-dimensional (2D) spatial profile and the temporal evolution of the 14 and 2.5?MeV neutron emissivities from D-D and D-T fusion reactions were studied using the measurements of the upgraded neutron profile monitor during the last trace tritium experiments in JET. The JET neutron profile monitor provides unique capability for 2.5 and 14?MeV neutrons line-integrated measurements simultaneously. A systematic comparison of D-D and D-T neutron emissivity was performed. The tritium concentration or fuel ratio (nT/nD) was analysed for a set of 34 ELMy-H mode discharges with tritium puff. Tritium concentration is deduced with a method based on the ratio of D-T 14?MeV and D-D 2.5?MeV neutron emissivities in order to exploit the maximum information available from neutron data. With the help of a tomography algorithm recently developed at JET, 2D spatial profiles of the tritium concentration in the plasma were obtained. These profiles can be used to perform transport studies. Tritium core confinement is clearly seen to increase with plasma density for the set of discharges studied. Differences in the shape of these profiles are also found between low and high density plasmas. Shortly after tritium puffing, 2D spatial profiles of the tritium concentration exhibit typical hollow profiles and in some cases transient poloidal asymmetric features have been observed in 2D images.
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- 2006
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8. Gene Transfer into Rat Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Comparative Study of Viral and Nonviral Vectors
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McMahon, J.M., Conroy, S., Lyons, M., Greiser, U., O'shea, C., Strappe, P., Howard, L., Murphy, M., Barry, F., and O'brien, T.
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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been proposed for use in combinatorial gene and cell therapy protocols for the treatment of disease and promotion of repair. The efficacy of such a therapeutic approach depends on determination of which vectors give maximal transgene expression with minimal cell death. The study was carried out on bone-marrow derived rat MSCs, and a range of vectors was tested on the same stem cell preparation. Adenovirus, adeno-associated virus (AAV; serotypes 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6), lentivirus, and nonviral vectors were compared. Lentivirus proved to be most effective with transduction efficiencies of up to 95%, concurrent with low levels of cell toxicity. Adenovirus also proved effective, but a significant increase in cell death was seen with increasing viral titer. Rat MSCs remained refractory to transduction by all AAV serotypes, in contrast to rabbit MSCs tested at the same time. Lipofection of plasmid DNA gave moderate transfection levels but was also accompanied by cell death. Electroporative gene transfer proved ineffective at the parameters tested and resulted in high cell death. High and moderate levels of cell transduction using lentivirus vectors did not affect the ability of the cells to differentiate down the adipogenic pathway.
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- 2006
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9. Expanding the operating space of ICRF on JET with a view to ITERThis paper is an expanded version of the material originally presented at the 20th IAEA Fusion Energy Conference, Vilamoura, Portugal, 1-6 November 2004 (Fusion Energy 2004, Vienna: IAEA), CD-ROM file EX/P4-26.
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Lamalle, P.U., Mantsinen, M.J., Noterdaeme, J.-M., Alper, B., Beaumont, P., Bertalot, L., Blackman, T., Bobkov, Vl.V., Bonheure, G., Brzozowski, J., Castaldo, C., Conroy, S., de Baar, M., de la Luna, E., de Vries, P., Durodié, F., Ericsson, G., Eriksson, L.-G., Gowers, C., Felton, R., Heikkinen, J., Hellsten, T., Kiptily, V., Lawson, K., Laxåback, M., Lerche, E., Lomas, P., Lyssoivan, A., Mayoral, M.-L., Meo, F., Mironov, M., Monakhov, I., Nunes, I., Piazza, G., Popovichev, S., Salmi, A., Santala, M.I.K., Sharapov, S., Tala, T., Tardocchi, M., Van Eester, D., and Weyssow, B.
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This paper reports on ITER-relevant ion cyclotron resonance frequency (ICRF) physics investigated on JET in 2003 and early 2004. Minority heating of helium three in hydrogen plasmas-(3He)H-was systematically explored by varying the 3He concentration and the toroidal phasing of the antenna arrays. The best heating performance (a maximum electron temperature of 6.2?keV with 5?MW of ICRF power) was obtained with a preferential wave launch in the direction of the plasma current. A clear experimental demonstration was made of the sharp and reproducible transition to the mode conversion heating regime when the 3He concentration increased above ~2%. In the latter regime the best heating performance (a maximum electron temperature of 8?keV with 5?MW of ICRF power) was achieved with dipole array phasing, i.e. a symmetric antenna power spectrum. Minority heating of deuterium in hydrogen plasmas-(D)H-was also investigated but was found inaccessible because this scenario is too sensitive to impurity ions with Z/A= 1/2 such as C6+, small amounts of which directly lead into the mode conversion regime. Minority heating of up to 3% of tritium in deuterium plasmas was systematically investigated during the JET trace tritium experimental campaign (TTE). This required operating JET at its highest possible magnetic field (3.9 to 4?T) and the ICRF system at its lowest frequency (23?MHz). The interest of this scenario for ICRF heating at these low concentrations and its efficiency at boosting the suprathermal neutron yield were confirmed, and the measured neutron and gammay ray spectra permit interesting comparisons with advanced ICRF code simulations. Investigations of finite Larmor radius effects on the RF-induced high-energy tails during second harmonic (? = 2?c) heating of a hydrogen minority in D plasmas clearly demonstrated a strong decrease in the RF diffusion coefficient at proton energies ~ 1?MeV, in agreement with theoretical expectations. Fast wave heating and current drive experiments in deuterium plasmas showed effective direct electron heating with dipole phasing of the antennas, but only small changes of the central plasma current density were observed with the directive phasings, in particular at low single pass damping. New investigations of the heating efficiency of ICRF antennas confirmed its strong dependence on the parallel wavenumber spectrum. Advances in topics of a more technological nature are also summarized: ELM studies using fast RF measurements, the successful experimental demonstration of a new ELM-tolerant antenna matching scheme and technical enhancements planned on the JET ICRF system for 2006, they being equally strongly driven by the preparation for ITER.
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- 2006
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10. Synergetic RF and NB heating effects in JET DT plasmas studied with neutron emission spectroscopy
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Henriksson, H., Conroy, S., Ericsson, G., Gorini, G., Hjalmarsson, A., Källne, J., Tardocchi, M., and Weiszflog, M.
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Neutron emission spectroscopy diagnostic has been used to study plasmas produced at JET during the main deuterium-tritium experimental campaign (DTE1). The plasmas were subjected to radio frequency (RF) and neutral beam (NB) heating in different combinations during periods of individual discharges. Similar discharges with different heating combinations were also compared. This paper deals with the possibility of observing direct evidence of synergetic coupling of the ion cyclotron resonance frequency of the RF power to the fast ions from the NB injection. The key signature of such an effect is the high-energy tail in the spectrum of the neutron emission from plasmas subjected to either NB or RF or both simultaneously. Four discharges of the DTE1 campaign were identified as most suitable to search for the synergetic effects including NB(d) and NB(t) heated discharges with RF coupled to the second harmonic resonance of d and t ions. The measured spectra were analysed with up to four components and interpreted in terms of underlying velocity components of the ions responsible for the neutron emission. The results of the analysis are presented and studied from the aspect of finding effects of the application of NB and RF power injection, which go beyond being merely superpositional. Enhanced effects of simultaneous injection are found which are ascribed as synergetic. The strength of the synergetic effect is found to vary depending on the plasma parameters at hand, but this needs further studies to shed light on the underlying physics of the synergetic NB + RF heating effects on the plasma.
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- 2006
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11. ‘Burning plasma’ diagnostics for the physics of JET and ITER
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Murari, A AM, Bertalot, L LB, Bonheure, G GB, Conroy, S SC, Ericsson, G GE, Kiptily, V VK, Lawson, K KL, Popovichev, S SP, Tardocchi, M MT, Afanasyiev, V VA, Angelone, M MA, Fasoli, A AF, Källne, J JK, Mironov, M MM, Mlynar, J JM, Testa, D DT, Zastrow, K KDZ, and Contributors, JET-EFDA JC
- Abstract
JET's recent experimental programme proved that ‘burning plasma diagnostics’, i.e. neutron, alpha particle, He ash, and fuel mixture measurements, can provide very useful information about crucial physical aspects of great reactor relevance. First of all, several of these diagnostics can improve the diagnostic capability of the ion fluid significantly. During TTE spatially resolved neutron measurements at JET were essential in obtaining the isotopic composition and the transport of the hydrogen isotopes, allowing a direct comparison between the measured transport coefficients and the neoclassical theory. The neutron emission profiles can also give crucial indications for assessing the merits of various heating schemes and their current drive capability. Neutron spectroscopy in its turn provides a clear and direct measurement of the temperature and the velocity distribution of the fuel ions. For example, the dependence of the toroidal velocity from the ion cyclotron radiofrequency heating phasing was clearly seen during TTE. The requirements of accurate neutron measurements are also promoting considerable research in detector technology, in particular in the fields of compact spectrometers and solid state detectors. ‘Burning plasma’ diagnostics can also strongly contribute to the physics of energetic particles and their interaction with the main plasma. γ-Ray spectroscopy is now an established method to determine the spatial localization, to visualize the trajectories of the alpha particles and the fast deuterons and to obtain estimates of their slowing down. A completely new method to detect the energetic particles, exploiting the line intensity ratio of extreme ultraviolet radiation emitted by suitable extrinsic impurities, is also being pursued. This technique allows investigating the energy range below 600 keV, extremely interesting for the study of wave–particle interactions.
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- 2005
12. 'Burning plasma' diagnostics for the physics of JET and ITER
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Murari, A, Bertalot, L, Bonheure, G, Conroy, S, Ericsson, G, Kiptily, V, Lawson, K, Popovichev, S, Tardocchi, M, Afanasyiev, V, Angelone, M, Fasoli, A, Källne, J, Mironov, M, Mlynar, J, Testa, D, and Zastrow, K D
- Abstract
JET's recent experimental programme proved that 'burning plasma diagnostics', i.e. neutron, alpha particle, He ash, and fuel mixture measurements, can provide very useful information about crucial physical aspects of great reactor relevance. First of all, several of these diagnostics can improve the diagnostic capability of the ion fluidsignificantly. During TTE spatially resolved neutron measurements at JET were essential in obtaining the isotopic composition and the transport of the hydrogen isotopes, allowing a direct comparison between the measured transport coefficients and the neoclassical theory. The neutron emission profiles can also give crucial indications for assessing the merits of various heating schemes and their current drive capability. Neutron spectroscopy in its turn provides a clear and direct measurement of the temperature and the velocity distribution of the fuel ions. For example, the dependence of the toroidal velocity from the ion cyclotron radiofrequency heating phasing was clearly seen during TTE. The requirements of accurate neutron measurements are also promoting considerable research in detector technology, in particular in the fields of compact spectrometers and solid state detectors. 'Burning plasma' diagnostics can also strongly contribute to the physics of energetic particlesand their interaction with the main plasma. ?-Ray spectroscopy is now an established method to determine the spatial localization, to visualize the trajectories of the alpha particles and the fast deuterons and to obtain estimates of their slowing down. A completely new method to detect the energetic particles, exploiting the line intensity ratio of extreme ultraviolet radiation emitted by suitable extrinsic impurities, is also being pursued. This technique allows investigating the energy range below 600?keV, extremely interesting for the study of wave-particle interactions.
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- 2005
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13. Overview of transport, fast particle and heating and current drive physics using tritium in JET plasmas
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Stork, D. DS, Baranov, Yu. YB, Belo, P. PB, Bertalot, L. LB, Borba, D. DB, Brzozowski, J.H. JB, Challis, C.D. CC, Ciric, D. DC, Conroy, S. SC, Baar, M. MdB, Vries, P. PdV, Dumortier, P. PD, Garzotti, L. LG, Hawkes, N.C. NH, Hender, T.C. TH, Joffrin, E. EJ, Jones, T.T.C. TJ, Kiptily, V. VK, Lamalle, P. PL, Mailloux, J. JM, Mantsinen, M. MM, McDonald, D.C. DM, Nave, M.F.F. MN, Neu, R. RN, O'Mullane, M. MO, Ongena, J. JO, Pearce, R.J. RP, Popovichev, S. SP, Sharapov, S.E. SS, Stamp, M. MS, Stober, J. JS, Surrey, E. ES, Valovic, M. MV, Voitsekhovitch, I. IV, Weisen, H. HW, Whiteford, A.D. AW, Worth, L. LW, Yavorskij, V. VY, Zastrow, K.-D. KZ, and contributors, JET JEc
- Abstract
Results are presented from the JET Trace Tritium Experimental (TTE) campaign using minority tritium (T) plasmas (nT/nD < 3%). Thermal tritium particle transport coefficients (DT, vT) are found to exceed neo-classical values in all regimes, except in ELMy H-modes at high densities and in the region of internal transport barriers (ITBs) in reversed shear plasmas. In ELMy H-mode dimensionless parameter scans, at q95 ∼ 2.8 and triangularity δ = 0.2, the T particle transport scales in a gyro-Bohm manner in the inner plasma (r/a < 0.4), whilst the outer plasma particle transport scaling is more Bohm-like. Dimensionless parameter scans show contrasting behaviour for the trace particle confinement (increases with collisionality, ν* and β) and bulk energy confinement (decreases with ν* and is independent of β). In an extended ELMy H-mode data set, with ρ*, ν*, β and q varied but with neo-classical tearing modes (NTMs) either absent or limited to weak, benign core modes (4/3 or above), the multiparameter fit to the normalized diffusion coefficient in the outer plasma (0.65 < r/a < 0.8) gives DT/Bφ ∼ ρ*2.46ν*−0.23β−1.01q2.03. In hybrid scenarios (qmin ∼ 1, low positive shear, no sawteeth), the T particle confinement is found to scale with increasing triangularity and plasma current. Comparing regimes (ELMy H-mode, ITB plasma and hybrid scenarios) in the outer plasma region, a correlation of high values of DT with high values of vT is seen. The normalized diffusion coefficients for the hybrid and ITB scenarios do not fit the scaling derived for ELMy H-modes. The normalized tritium diffusion scales with normalized poloidal Larmor radius in a manner close to gyro-Bohm , with an added inverse β dependence. The effects of ELMs, sawteeth and NTMs on the T particle transport are described. Fast-ion confinement in current-hole (CH) plasmas was tested in TTE by tritium neutral beam injection into JET CH plasmas. γ-rays from the reactions of fusion alpha and beryllium impurities (9Be(α, nγ)12C) characterized the fast fusion-alpha population evolution. The γ-decay times are consistent with classical alpha plus parent fast triton slowing down times (τTs + ταs) for high plasma currents (Ip > 2 MA) and monotonic q-profiles. In CH discharges the γ-ray emission decay times are much lower than classical (τTs+ταs), indicating alpha confinement degradation, due to the orbit losses and particle orbit drift predicted by a 3-D Fokker–Planck numerical code and modelled using TRANSP.
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- 2005
14. New developments in JET neutron, γ-ray and particle diagnostics with relevance to ITER
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Murari, A. AM, Bertalot, L. LB, Conroy, S. SC, Ericsson, G. GE, Kiptily, V. VK, Popovichev, S. SP, Schuhmacher, H. HS, Adams, J.M. JA, Afanasyiev, V. VA, Angelone, M. MA, Bonheure, G. GB, Esposito, B. BE, Källne, J. JK, Mironov, M. MM, Pillon, M. MP, Reginatto, M. MR, Stork, D. DS, Zimbal, A. AZ, and Contributors, JET-EFDA JC
- Abstract
Some recent JET campaigns, with the introduction of a trace amount (nT/nD < 5%) of tritium into D plasmas and third harmonic ICRH acceleration of 4He, provided unique opportunities to test ‘burning plasma’ diagnostics. In particular, new approaches and techniques were investigated for the detection of neutrons, α particles and the fuel mixture. With regard to neutron detection, the recent activity covered aspects such as calibration and cross validation of the diagnostics, measurement of the spatial distribution of the neutrons, particle transport and neutron spectrometry. The first tests of some new neutron detection technologies were also undertaken during the Trace Tritium Experiment campaign. To improve JET's diagnostic capability in the field of α particles, a significant development programme was devoted to the measurement of their confinement and imaging with γ-ray spectroscopy. A new approach for the fusion community to measuring the fast ion losses, based on the activation technique, was also attempted for the first time on JET. An assessment of the neutral particle analyser's potential to determine the fuel mixture and the particle transport coefficients is under way.
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- 2005
15. Systematic spectral features in the neutron emission from NB heated JET DT plasmas
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Henriksson, H, Conroy, S, Ericsson, G, Giacomelli, L, Gorini, G, Hjalmarsson, A, Källne, J, Tardocchi, M, and Weiszflog, M
- Abstract
Neutron emission spectroscopy (NES) has been used at JET to study deuterium-tritium discharges heated with neutral beam (NB) injection of tritium and deuterium at energies of 150?keV and 75?keV, respectively. The measurements were performed using the magnetic proton recoil neutron spectrometer and the data analysed with several contributing spectral components. The analysis model considers neutrons from reactions involving high-energy NB ions in (co and counter) passing and trapped orbits and NB ions slowed down to epithermal energies besides ion reactions within the thermal bulk. This study was undertaken to explore the level of fuel ion kinetic information that can be obtained for different NB heating scenarios. Time dependent information was extracted to study how the plasma response to NB injection is manifested in the neutron emission for apparent quiescent periods, during spontaneous plasma instabilities (such as sawteeth) and as a result of intentional changes of the plasma conditions such as the NB injection. The discharges for this study were selected to explore the systematic features that neutron emission spectra display for NB heated discharges and the possibility to interpret them in terms of the underlying kinetic state of the fuel ions. The results obtained on the ion temperature, the toroidal rotation and the supra-thermal fraction of the total neutron yield are compared with those of charge exchange recombination spectroscopy and, in some cases, with plasma equilibrium model calculations. A phenomenological analysis of the results is performed from studies of systematics with the object of exploring the uses of the NES diagnostic and their dependence on data quality.
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- 2005
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16. Advanced neutron diagnostics for JET and ITER fusion experiments
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Giacomelli, L. LG, Hjalmarsson, A. AH, Sjöstrand, H. HS, Glasser, W. WG, Källne, J. JK, Conroy, S. SC, Ericsson, G. GE, Johnson, M. MGJ, Gorini, G. GG, Henriksson, H. HH, Popovichev, S. SP, Ronchi, E. ER, Sousa, J. JS, Andersson, E. ESA, Tardocchi, M. MT, Thun, J. JT, Weiszflog, M. MW, and Workprogram, Contributors Ctt the JET-EFDA
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The diagnostics functions of neutron measurements as well as the roles played by neutron yield monitors, cameras and spectrometers are reviewed. The importance of recent developments in neutron emission spectroscopy (NES) diagnostics is emphasized. Results are presented from the NES diagnosis of the Joint European Torus (JET) plasmas performed with the magnetic proton recoil (MPR) spectrometer during the first deuterium tritium experiment of 1997 and the recent trace tritium experiment of 2003. The NES diagnostic capabilities at JET are presently being enhanced by an upgrade of the MPR (MPRu) and a new 2.5 MeV time-of-flight (TOF) neutron spectrometer (TOFOR). The principles of MPRu and TOFOR are described and illustrated with the diagnostic role they will play in the high performance fusion experiments in the forward programme of JET largely aimed at supporting the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). The importance of the JET NES effort for ITER is discussed.
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- 2005
17. Fast ion distributions driven by polychromatic ICRF waves on JET
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Mantsinen, M J, Kiptily, V, Laxåback, M, Salmi, A, Baranov, Yu, Barnsley, R, Beaumont, P, Conroy, S, de Vries, P, Giroud, C, Gowers, C, Hellsten, T, Ingesson, L C, Johnson, T, Leggate, H, Mayoral, M-L, Monakhov, I, Noterdaeme, J-M, Podda, S, Sharapov, S, Tuccillo, A A, and Van Eester, D
- Abstract
Experiments have been carried out on the JET tokamak to investigate fast 3He and hydrogen minority ion populations accelerated by ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF) waves launched with multiple frequencies (i.e. up to four frequencies separated by up to ?15%). This 'polychromatic' heating is compared with single-frequency, 'monochromatic', ICRF heating of reference discharges with similar power levels. Information on the fast ion populations is provided by two-dimensional gamma-ray emission tomography and the measurements are compared with numerical modelling. Polychromatic heating with resonances in the plasma centre (Rres? R0) and on the low magnetic-field side (LFS) (Rres> R0) is found to produce predominantly high-energy standard trapped ions, while resonances on the high magnetic-field side (Rres< R0) increase the fraction of high-energy passing ions. Monochromatic heating with a central resonance produces stronger gamma-ray emission with the maximum emission in the midplane close to, and on the LFS of, the resonance, in agreement with the calculated radial distribution of fast ion orbits. Both the fast ion tail temperature and energy content are found to be lower with polychromatic waves. Polychromatic ICRF heating has the advantage of producing smaller-amplitude and shorter-period sawteeth, consistent with a lower fast ion pressure inside the q= 1 surface, and higher ion to electron temperature ratios.
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- 2005
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18. Tritium fast ion distribution in JET current hole plasmas
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Hawkes, N C, Yavorskij, V A, Adams, J M, Baranov, Yu F, Bertalot, L, Challis, C D, Conroy, S, Goloborod'ko, V, Kiptily, V, Popovichev, S, Schoepf, K, Sharapov, S E, Stork, D, and Surrey, E
- Abstract
Current hole plasmas in JET are those in which the current density within r/a< 0.3 is close to zero. Tritium ions injected quasi-tangentially into such plasmas can fulfil a stagnation condition whereby their vertical drift is cancelled by the poloidal component of their parallel velocity. These ions remain trapped at approximately 0.2?m from the plasma axis and can be detected by a distortion in the neutron emission profile. Numerical modelling of the steady-state distribution reproduces the experimental results while the decay of neutron emission after the cessation of injection is found to be sensitive to small changes in the q-profile.
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- 2005
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19. Technical and Scientific Aspects of the JET Trace-Tritium Experimental Campaign
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Jones, T T C, Brennan, D, Pearce, R J H, Stork, D, Zastrow, K-D, Balshaw, N, Bell, A C, Bertalot, L, Boyer, H, Butcher, P R, Challis, C D, Ciric, D, Clarke, R, Conroy, S, Darke, A C, Davies, N, Edlington, T, Ericsson, G, Gibbons, C, Hackett, L J, Haupt, T, Hitchin, M, Kaye, A S, King, R, Kiptily, V G, Knipe, S, Lawrence, G, Lobel, R, Mason, A, Morgan, P D, Patel, B, Popovichev, S, Stamp, M, Surrey, E, Terrington, A, Worth, L, and Young, D
- Abstract
The JET Trace Tritium (TTE) programme marked the first use of tritium in experiments under the managerial control of UKAEA, which operates the JET Facility on behalf of EFDA. The introduction of tritium into the plasma by gas fuelling and neutral beam injection, even in trace quantities, required the mobilisation of gram-quantities of tritium gas from the Active Gas Handling System (AGHS) product storage units into the supply lines connected to the torus gas valve and the neutral beam injectors. All systems for DT gas handling, recovery and reprocessing were therefore recommissioned and operating procedures re-established, involving extensive operations staff training. The validation of Key Safety Related Equipment (KSRE) is described with reference to specific examples. The differences between requirements for TTE and full DT operations are shown to be relatively small. The scientific motivation for TTE, such as the possibility to obtain high-quality measurements in key areas such as fuel-ion transport and fast ion dynamics, is described, and the re-establishment and development of JET’s 14MeV neutron diagnostic capability for TTE and future DT campaigns are outlined. Some scientific highlights from the TTE campaign are presented.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
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20. Tritium transport experiments on the JET tokamak
- Author
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Zastrow, K-D, Adams, J M, Baranov, Yu, Belo, P, Bertalot, L, Brzozowski, J H, Challis, C D, Conroy, S, de Baar, M, de Vries, P, Dumortier, P, Ferreira, J, Garzotti, L, Hender, T C, Joffrin, E, Kiptily, V, Mailloux, J, McDonald, D C, Neu, R, O'Mullane, M, Nave, M F F, Ongena, J, Popovichev, S, Stamp, M, Stober, J, Stork, D, Voitsekhovitch, I, Valovic, M, Weisen, H, Whiteford, A D, and Zabolotsky, A
- Abstract
An overview is given of the experimental method, the analysis technique and the results for trace tritium experiments conducted on the JET tokamak in 2003. Observations associated with events such as sawtooth collapses, neo-classical tearing modes and edge localized modes are described. Tritium transport is seen to approach neo-classical levels in the plasma core at high density and low q95, and in the transport barrier region of internal transport barrier (ITB) discharges. Tritium transport remains well above neo-classical levels in all other cases. The correlation of the measured tritium diffusion coefficient and convection velocity for normalized minor radii r/a= [0.65, 0.80] with the controllable parameters q95and plasma density are found to be consistent for all operational regimes (ELMy H-mode discharges with or without ion cyclotron frequency resonance heating, hybrid scenario and ITB discharges). Scaling with local physics parameters is best described by gyro-Bohm scaling with an additional inverse beta dependence.
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
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21. Tritium transport experiments on the JET tokamak
- Author
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Zastrow, K-D KZ, Adams, J JMA, Baranov, Yu YB, Belo, P PB, Bertalot, L LB, Brzozowski, J JHB, Challis, C CDC, Conroy, S SC, Baar, M MdB, Vries, P PdV, Dumortier, P PD, Ferreira, J JF, Garzotti, L LG, Hender, T TCH, Joffrin, E EJ, Kiptily, V VK, Mailloux, J JM, McDonald, D DCM, Neu, R RN, O'Mullane, M MO, Nave, M MFF F, Ongena, J JO, Popovichev, S SP, Stamp, M MS, Stober, J JS, Stork, D DS, Voitsekhovitch, I IV, Valovič, M MV, Weisen, H HW, Whiteford, A ADW, Zabolotsky, A AZ, and Contributors, JET JEC
- Abstract
An overview is given of the experimental method, the analysis technique and the results for trace tritium experiments conducted on the JET tokamak in 2003. Observations associated with events such as sawtooth collapses, neo-classical tearing modes and edge localized modes are described. Tritium transport is seen to approach neo-classical levels in the plasma core at high density and low q95, and in the transport barrier region of internal transport barrier (ITB) discharges. Tritium transport remains well above neo-classical levels in all other cases. The correlation of the measured tritium diffusion coefficient and convection velocity for normalized minor radii r/a = [0.65, 0.80] with the controllable parameters q95 and plasma density are found to be consistent for all operational regimes (ELMy H-mode discharges with or without ion cyclotron frequency resonance heating, hybrid scenario and ITB discharges). Scaling with local physics parameters is best described by gyro-Bohm scaling with an additional inverse beta dependence.
- Published
- 2004
22. Life-threatening post-partum hypercalcaemia
- Author
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Conroy, S., Morrish, N., and Wassif, W.S.
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
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23. Localized bulk electron heating with ICRF mode conversion in the JET tokamak
- Author
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Mantsinen, M.J., Mayoral, M.-L., Eester, D. Van, Alper, B., Barnsley, R., Beaumont, P., Bucalossi, J., Coffey, I., Conroy, S., Baar, M. de, Vries, P. de, Erents, K., Figueiredo, A., Gondhalekar, A., Gowers, C., Hellsten, T., Joffrin, E., Kiptily, V., Lamalle, P.U., Lawson, K., Lyssoivan, A., Mailloux, J., Mantica, P., Meo, F., Milani, F., Monakhov, I., Murari, A., Nguyen, F., Noterdaeme, J.-M., Ongena, J., Petrov, Yu., Rachlew, E., Riccardo, V., Righi, E., Rimini, F., Stamp, M., Tuccillo, A.A., Zastrow, K.-D., Zerbini, M., and EFD, JET
- Abstract
Ion cyclotron resonance frequencies (ICRF) mode conversion has been developed for localized on-axis and off-axis bulk electron heating on the JET tokamak. The fast magnetosonic waves launched from the low-field side ICRF antennas are mode-converted to short-wavelength waves on the high-field side of the 3He ion cyclotron resonance layer in D and 4He plasmas and subsequently damped on the bulk electrons. The resulting electron power deposition, measured using ICRF power modulation, is narrow with a typical full-width at half-maximum of ≈30 cm (i.e. about 30% of the minor radius) and the total deposited power to electrons comprises at least up to 80% of the applied ICRF power. The ICRF mode conversion power deposition has been kept constant using 3He bleed throughout the ICRF phase with a typical duration of 46 s, i.e. 1540 energy confinement times. Using waves propagating in the counter-current direction minimizes competing ion damping in the presence of co-injected deuterium beam ions.
- Published
- 2004
24. Neutron emission spectroscopy of radio frequency heated (D)T plasmas
- Author
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Tardocchi, M., Conroy, S., Ericsson, G., Gorini, G., Henriksson, H., and Källne, J.
- Abstract
The energy spectrum of the
d+t&to;α+n neutron emission has been measured in experiments carried out at JET for plasmas of deuteriumtritium subjected to minority ion cyclotron resonance heating (ICRH) tuned to deuterium. The data obtained with the magnetic proton recoil spectrometer were of sufficient quality to distinguish up to three spectral components of neutron emission some of which were time resolved. A new analysis model was used to derive information on the underlying deuteron velocity distributions and their corresponding energy densities in the plasma. This experiment represents the first use of neutron emission spectroscopy for detailed diagnosis of the response of fusion plasmas to the applied ICRH power for different plasma conditions, including the time evolution over the heating pulse duration for individual discharges. In particular, ICRH effects on the plasma, together with the power absorption mechanisms, were studied as a function of the minority ion concentration in the range 920&percent;.- Published
- 2002
25. <iopmath latex="$\gamma$">γ</iopmath>-ray diagnostics of energetic ions in JET
- Author
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Kiptily, V.G., Cecil, F.E., Jarvis, O.N., Mantsinen, M.J., Sharapov, S.E., Bertalot, L., Conroy, S., Ingesson, L.C., Johnson, T., Lawson, K.D., Popovichev, S., and Workprogramme, contributors to the EFDA-JET
- Abstract
This paper reports recent progress in the field of
γ -ray diagnosis of fast ions in the JET tokamak. Theγ -rays, born in nuclear reactions between fast ions and main plasma impurities and/or plasma fuel ions, are analysed with a new modelling tool (the GAMMOD code) that has been developed for a quantitative analysis of the measuredγ -ray energy spectra. The analysis of theγ -ray energy spectra identifies the different fast ions giving rise to theγ -ray emission and assesses the effective tail temperatures and relative concentrations of these fast ions. This assessment is possible, since the excitation functions for the different nuclear reactions are well established and exhibit a threshold or/and a resonant nature. The capabilities of theγ -ray spectral analysis are illustrated with the examples from the recentγ -ray diagnostic measurements of 4He, 3He, deuterium and hydrogen ions accelerated by ion-cyclotron resonance frequency heating in JET. Simultaneous measurements of several fast ion species, including highly energeticα -particles, are demonstrated. In addition to theγ -spectroscopy, tomographic reconstructions of the radial profile of theγ -ray emission are performed using the JET neutron profile monitor, thus providing direct measurements of the radial profiles of fast ions in JET.- Published
- 2002
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26. Prediction/modelling of the neutron emission from JET discharges
- Author
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Jarvis, O N and Conroy, S
- Abstract
The neutron emission from the JET tokamak is investigated using an extensive set of diagnostics, permitting the instantaneous neutron yield, the radial profile of the neutron emission and neutron energy spectra to be studied. Apart from their importance as an immediate indication of plasma fusion performance, the customary use for neutron measurements is as a test of the internal consistency of the non-neutron diagnostic data, from which the expected neutron production can be predicted. However, because contours of equal neutron emissivity are not necessarily coincident with magnetic flux surfaces, a fully satisfactory numerical analysis requires the application of highly complex transport codes such as TRANSP. In this paper, a far simpler approach is adopted wherein the neutron emission spatial profiles are used to define the plasma geometry. A two-volume model is used, with a core volume that encompasses about
(2/3) of the neutron emission and the peripheral volume the remainder. The overall approach provides an interpretation of the measured neutron data, for both deuterium and deuteriumtritium (DT) plasma discharges, that are as accurate as the basic non-nuclear plasma data warrant. The model includes the empirical assumption that particles, along with their energies and momenta, are transported macroscopically in accordance with classical conservation laws. This first-order estimate of cross-field transport (which, for DT plasmas, determines the D : T fuel concentration ratio in the plasma core) is fine-tuned to reproduce the experimental ion and electron temperature data. The success of this model demonstrates that the observed plasma rotation rates, temperatures and the resulting neutron emission can be broadly explained in terms of macroscopic transport.- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
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27. Neutron emission from JET DT plasmas with RF heating on minority hydrogen
- Author
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Henriksson, H, Conroy, S, Ericsson, G, Gorini, G, Hjalmarsson, A, Källne, J, Tardocchi, M, and Workprogramme, contributors to the EFDA-JET
- Abstract
The neutron emission spectrum from
d+t&to;α+n reactions has been measured as a means to study the plasma response to radio frequency (RF) power coupled to hydrogen and deuteron minority components (through fundamental and second harmonic, respectively) in a tritium discharge at JET. The spectrum was measured with the magnetic proton recoil spectrometer and was analysed in terms of two spectral components due to thermal (TH) and high-energy (HE) deuterons interacting with the bulk ion population of thermal tritons. The results were used to derive information on the deuteron population in terms of temperatures (TTH andTHE) as well as corresponding particle and kinetic energy densities of the plasma; the bulk ion temperature (Ti&equal;TTH) was determined both before (with Ohmic heating only) and during the RF pulse. Similar information on protons was derived from other measurements in order to estimate the different RF effects on protons and deuterons. This paper illustrates qualitatively the type of empirical ion kinetic information that can be obtained from neutron emission spectroscopy; the data serves as a basis for comparison with results of predictive and interpretative models on RF effects in plasmas.- Published
- 2002
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28. Neutron spectrometry for D-T plasmas in JET, using a tandem annular-radiator proton-recoil spectrometer
- Author
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Hawkes, N. P., Bond, D. S., Kiptily, V., Jarvis, O. N., and Conroy, S. W.
- Published
- 2002
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29. Unlicensed and off label prescribing of drugs in general practice
- Author
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McIntyre, J., Conroy, S., Corns, H., Choonara, I., and Avery, A.
- Abstract
AimTo determine the incidence and nature of unlicensed and off label prescribing of drugs for children in general practice.MethodsA retrospective analysis of all prescriptions for one year involving children (aged 12 years or under) from a single suburban general practice in the English Midlands. Prescribed drugs were categorised as licensed, unlicensed (without a product licence), or used in an off label way (outside the terms of their product licence).ResultsDuring 1997 there were 3347 prescription items involving 1175 children and 160 different drugs. A total of 2828 (84.5%) prescriptions were for licensed medicines used in a licensed way; 10 (0.3%) were for unlicensed medicines; and 351 (10.5%) were licensed medicines used in an off label way. For 158 (4.7%) the information was insufficient to determine licence status.ConclusionThis is the first study to show that a significant number of drugs prescribed for children by general practitioners are off label and highlights the anomalies and inadequacies of drug information for prescribers.
- Published
- 2000
30. Drugs used in prematurity
- Author
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McIntyre, J. and Conroy, S.
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
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31. 35th Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes
- Author
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Melander, A., Olsson, J., Lindberg, G., Salzman, A., Howard, T., Stang, P., Lydick, E., Emslie-Smith, A., Boyle, D. I. R., Evans, J. M. M., Macdonald, T. M., Bain, J., Sullivan, F., Juhl, C., Pørksen, N., Sturis, J., Hollingdal, M., Pincus, S., Veldhuis, J., Dejgaard, A., Schmitz, O., Kristensen, J. S., Frandsen, K. B., Bayer, Th., Müller, P., Dunning, B. E., Paladini, S., Gutierrez, C., Deacon, R., Valentin, M., Grunberger, G., Weston, W. M., Patwardhan, R., Rappaport, E. B., Sargeant, L. A., Wareham, N. J., Khaw, K. T., Zethelius, Björn, Lithell, Hans, Hales, C. Nicholas, Berne, Christian, Lakka, H.-M., Oksanen, L., Tuomainen, T.-P., Kontula, K., Salonen, J. T., Dekker, J. M., de Boks, P., de Vegt, F., Stehouwer, C. D. A., Nijpels, G., Bouter, L. M., Heine, R. J., Bruno, G., Cavallo-Perin, P., Bargero, G., D’Errico, N., Borra, M., Macchia, G., Pagano, G., Newton, R. W., Ruta, D. A., New, J. P., Wallace, C., Roxburgh, M. A., Young, R. J., Vaughan, N. J. A., Elliott, P., Brennan, G., Devers, M., MacAlpine, R., Steinke, D., Lawson, D. H., Decallonne, B., Casteels, K., Gysemans, C., Bouillon, R., Mathieu, C., Linn, Thomas, Strate, Christine, Schneider, Kerstin, Funda, D. P., Jirsa, M., Kozáková, H., Kaas, A., Kofronová, O., Tlaskalová-Hogenová, H., Buschard, K., Wanka, H., Hartmann, A., Kuttler, B., Rasmussen, S. B., Sørensen, T. S., Markholst, H., Petersen, J. S., Karounos, D., Dyrberg, T., Mabley, J. G., Haskó, G., Szabó, C., Seissler, J., Nguyen, T. B. T., Steinbrenner, H., Scherbaum, W. A., Cipriani, R., Gabriele, A., Sensi, M., Guidobaldi, L., Pantellini, F., Cerrito, M. G., Scarpa, S., Di Mario, U., Morano, S., Ceolotto, G., Iori, E., Baritono, E., Del Prato, S., Semplicini, A., Trevisan, R., Zerbini, G., Meregalli, G., Asnaghi, V., Tentori, F., Maestroni, A., Mangili, R., Marescotti, C., Vedovato, M., Tiengo, A., Tadjieva, J., Mankovsky, B. N., Van Aken, S., Raes, A., Vande Walle, J., Matthys, D., Craen, M., Hansen, H. P., Lund, S. S., Rossing, P., Jensen, T., Parving, H.-H., Andersen, S., Tarnow, L., Hansen, B. V., Trautner, C., Haastert, B., Ennenbach, N., Willich, S., Tabák, Á. Gy., Orchard, T. J., Spranger, J., Preissner, K. T., Schatz, H., Pfeiffer, A., Cantón, A., Burgos, R., Hernández, C., Lecube, A., Mesa, J., Segura, R. M., Mateo, C., Simó, R., Fathallah, L., Greene, D. A., Obrosova, I., Gilbert, R. E., Kelly, D. J., Cox, A. J., Berka-Wilkinson, J. L., Taylor, H. R., Panagiotopoulos, S., Lee, V., Jerums, G., Cooper, M. E., Hitman, G. A., Aganna, E., Ogunkolade, W. B., Rema, M., Deepa, R., Shanthi-Rani, C. S., Barakat, K., Kumarajeewa, T. R., Cassell, P. G., McDermott, M. F., Mohan, V., Ways, K., Bursell, S., Devries, T., Woodworth, J., Alatorre, C., King, G., Aiello, L. P., Karisen, A. E., Pavlovic, D., Nielsen, K., Jensen, J., Andersen, H. U., Pociot, F., Mandrup-Poulsen, T., Eizirik, D. L., Nerup, J., Lortz, S., Tiedge, M., Lenzen, S., Lally, F. J., Bone, A. J., Darville, M. I., Ho, Y.-S., Sternesjö, J., Sandler, S., Chen, M.-C., Schuit, F., Pipeleers, D. G., Merezak, S., Hardikar, A., Hoet, J. J., Remacle, C., Reusens, B., Bréant, B., Garofano, A., Czernichow, P., Kubota, N., Terauchi, Y., Miki, H., Tamemoto, H., Yamauchi, T., Nakano, R., Komeda, K., Eto, K., Tobe, K., Kimura, S., Kadowaki, T., Ide, T., Murakami, K., Tsunoda, M., Mochizuki, T., Ozanne, S. E., Nave, B. T., Wang, C. L., Dorling, M. W., Petry, C. J., Koopmans, S. J., van der Bent, C., Que, I., Radder, J. K., Sebokova, E., Sana, A. K., Klimes, I., Ruderman, N., Morviducci, L., Pastore, L., Morelli, S., Sagratella, E., Zorretta, D., Buongiomo, A., Tamburrano, G., Giaccari, A., Martinenghi, Sabina, De Angelis, Gabriella Cusella, Ravasi, Flavio, Bifari, Francesco, Bordignon, Claudio, Falqui, Luca, Kessler, A., Dransfeld, O., Sasson, S., Tomas, E., Zorzano, A., Eckel, J., Thorsby, P., Rosenfalck, A. M., Kjems, L., Hanssen, K. F., Madsbad, S., Birkeland, K. I., Hamilton-Wessler, M., Markussen, J., Bergman, R. N., Melki, V., Hanaire-Broutin, H., Bessières-Lacombe, S., Tauber, J.-P., Home, P. D., Lindholm, A., Riis, A., Rosenstock, J., Schwartz, S., Clark, C., Edwards, M., Donley, D., Swift, P., Mortensen, H. B., Lynggaard, H., Hougaard, P., Cull, C. A., Neil, H. A. W., Frighi, V., Manley, S. E., Holman, R. R., Turner, R. C., Steiner, G., Davis, W. A., Weeraratna, T., Bruce, D. G., Davis, T. M. E., Vergès, B., Duvillard, L., Pont, F., Florentin, E., Gambert, Ph., Benko, B., Ljubić, S., Turk, Z., Granić, M., März, W., Wollschläger, H., Klein, G., Neiss, A., Wehling, M., Huxtable, S. J., Saker, P. J., Walker, M., Frayling, T. M., Levy, J. C., O’Rahilly, S., Hattersley, A. T., McCarthy, M. I., Orecchio, A., Giacchini, A., Dominici, R., Canettieri, G., Trinti, B., Zani, M., Andreoli, M., Sciacchitano, S., de Silva, A. M., Whitecross, K., Pasco, J., Kotowicz, M., Nicholson, G., Zimmet, P., Boyko, E. J., Collier, G. R., Frittitta, L., Pizzuti, A., Argiolas, A., Graci, S., Goldfine, I. D., Bozzali, M., Ercolino, T., Costanzo, B., Iacoviello, L., Tassi, V., Trischitta, V., Wauters, M., Rankinen, T., Mertens, I., Chagnon, M., Bouchard, C., Van Gaal, L., Sivenius, K., Valve, R., Hakkarainen, V., Niskanen, L., Laakso, M., Uusitupa, M., Beridze, N., Japaridze, M., Kurashvili, R., Dundua, M., Kebuladze, G., Kazakhashvili, N., Offley-Shore, B., Thomas, B., Ghebremeskel, K., Crawford, M., Lowy, C., Eriksson, Ulf J., Martin Simán, C., Wisse, Bert, Gittenberger-de Groot, Adriana C., Wentzel, P., Eriksson, U. J., Wender-Ożegowska, E., Drews, K., Biczysko, R., Bronisz, A., Rość, D., Graczykowska-Koczorowska, A., Kotschy, M., Sokup, A., Kohnert, K. D., Besch, W., Strese, J., Frick, U., Zander, E., Kemer, W., Škrha, J., Kvasnička, J., Kalvodová, B., Hilgertová, J., Schatteman, K., Goossens, F., Scharpé, S., De Leeuw, I., Hendriks, D., Legakis, I. N., Panayiotou, D., Mountokalakis, Th. D., Enderle, M. D., Beckmann, P., Balletshofer, B., Rittig, K., Maerker, E., Volk, A., Meisner, C., Jacob, S., Matthaei, S., Häring, H. U., Rett, K., Ueda, K., Nakagawa, T., Shimajiri, Y., Kokawa, M., Matsumoto, E., Sasaki, H., Sanke, T., Nanjo, K., McKinnon, Caroline M., Macfarlane, Wendy M., Docherty, Kevin, Furukawa, N., Shirotani, T., Kishikawa, H., Kaneko, K., Araki, E., Shichiri, M., Prentki, M., Roduit, R., Susini, S., Buteau, J., Ejrnæs, A. M., Andersen, N. Aa., Osterhoff, M., Möhlig, M., Ortmann, J., Bikashaghi, F., Mayer, C., Bikashagi, F., Ackermans, M. T., Pereira Arias, A. M., Bisschop, P. H. L. T., Endert, E., Sauerwein, H. P., Romijn, J. A., Gastaldelli, A., Baldi, S., Pettiti, M., Natali, A., Frascerra, S., Camastra, S., Toschi, E., Ferrannini, E., Stingl, H., Krssak, M., Bischof, M. G., Krebs, M., Fürnsinn, C., Nowotny, P., Waldhäusl, W., Roden, M., Neeft, M., Meijer, A. J., Båvenholm, P., Pigon, J., Efendic, S., Kästenbauer, T., Sauseng, S., Sokol, G., Auinger, M., Irsigler, K., Abbott, C. A., Carrington, A. L., Faragher, B., Kulkarni, J., Van Ross, E. R. E., Boulton, A. J. M., Armstrong, D. G., Hadi, S., Nguyen, H. C., Harkless, L. B., Jirkovská, A., Kasalicky, P., Hosová, J., Skibova, J., Uccioli, L., Caselli, A., Giacomozzi, C., Macellari, V., Giurato, L., Lardieri, L., Menzinger, G., Pham, H. T., Rosenblum, B. I., Lyons, T. E., Giurini, J. M., Smakowski, P., Chrzan, J. S., Habershaw, G. M., Veves, A., Foster, A. M., Bates, M., Doxford, M., Edmonds, M. E., Kecha, O., Winkler, R., Martens, H., Collette, J., Lefèbvre, P. J., Greiner, D., Geenen, V., Atlan-Gepner, C., Naspetti, M., Valéro, R., Barad, M., Lepault, F., Vialettes, B., Naquet, P., de Galan, B., Netea, M. G., Hancu, N., Smits, P., Van der Meer, J. W. M., Osterbye, T., Jørgensen, K. H., Tranum-Jensen, J., Fredman, P., Høy, M., Bokvist, K., Olsen, H. L., Horn, T., Gromada, J., Laub, R., Lohmann, T., Hahn, H. J., Adler, T., Emmrich, F., Rabuazzo, A. M., Lupi, R., Dotta, F., Patanè, G., Marselli, L., Realacci, M., Piro, S., Del Guerra, S., Santangelo, C., Navalesi, R., Purrello, F., Marchetti, P., de Vos, P., Visser, L., de Haan, B. J., Klok, P., van Schilfgaarde, R., Poppema, S., Juang, J.-H., Kuo, C.-H., Hsu, B. R.-S., Nacher, V., Pérez, M., Biarnés, M., Raurell, M., Soler, J., Montanya, E., Ritzel, R., Maubach, J., Büsing, M., Becker, T., Klempnauer, J., Hücking, K., Schmiegel, W. H., Nauck, M. A., Bouček, P., Saudek, F., Adamec, M., Kožitarová, R., Jedináková, T., Vlasáková, Z., Skibová, J., Bartoš, V., Maffi, P., Bertuzzi, F., Aldrighetti, L., Taglietti, M. V., Castelnuovo, A., Pozza, G., Di Carlo, V., Secchi, A., Renier, G., Mamputu, J.-C., Gillespie, J. S., McMaster, D., Mercer, C., Trimble, E. R., Lecomte, M., Véricel, E., Paget, C., Ruggiero, D., Lagarde, M., Wiernsperger, N., Pricci, F., Leto, G., Amadio, L., Cordone, S., Iacobini, C., Catalano, S., Violi, F., Rotella, C. M., Pugliese, G., Zicari, A., Gradini, R., Sale, P., Pala, L., Cresci, B., Giannini, S., Manuelli, C., Dahlfors, G., Arnqvist, H. J., Gonelle-Gispert, C., Halnan, P. A., Sadoul, K., Wolter, S., Lang, J., Niwa, T., Yu, W., Hidaka, H., Senda, T., Niki, I., Fukasawa, T., Renstrom, E., Barg, S., Seward, E., Rorsman, P., Rutter, G. A., Molinete, M., Lilla, V., Ravazzola, M., Halban, P. A., Efanov, A. M., Bertorello, A. M., Zaitsev, S. V., Zwiller, J., Berggren, P.-O., MŞengül, A., Salman, F., Sargrn, M., Özer, E., Karşidaǧ, K., Salman, S., Gedik, S., Satman, İ., Dinççaǧ, N., Yılmaz, M. T., Lloyd, A., Hopkinson, P. K., Testa, M. A., Blonde, L., Turner, R. R., Hayes, J., Simonson, D. C., van der Ven, N. C. W., Lubach, C. H. C., Snoek, F. J., Mollema, E. D., van der Ploeg, H. 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J., Nádas, J., Farkas, K., Daróczy, A., Péterfai, É., Svensson, M., Weigert, C., Facchin, S., Gambaro, G., Brodbeck, K., Schleicher, E., Tada, H., Nomura, K., Kuboki, K., Tsukamoto, M., Inokuchi, T., Menè, P., Pugliese, F., Iino, K., Yoshinari, M., Iwase, M., Asano, T., Sonoki, K., Wakisaka, M., Takata, Y., Ujishima, M., Del Prete, D., Anglani, F., Antonucci, F., Mauri, J. M., Vallés, M., Gutiérrez, C., Vendrell, J., Shinada, M., Akdeniz, A., Panagiotopoulos, P., Bach, L. A., Law, V. A., Lecomte, P. P., Yokota, C., Okuda, Y., Odawara, M., Yamashita, K., Yamada, N., Kawai, K., Açbay, Ö., Mazlum, A., Kural, E., Gündoğdu, S., Jensen, C., Körner, A., Eklöf, A.-Ch, Jaremko, G., Lal, M., DiBona, G., Aperia, A., Yavuz, D. G., Tuncer, M., Sargon, M., Küçükkaya, B., Ahıskalı, R., Akalın, Sema, Nohara, E., Oates, P. J., Ellery, C. A., Yonem, A., Azal, O., Cakýr, B., Erdogan, M. F., Corakcý, A., Ozdemir, I. C., Stevens, R. J., Yudkin, J. S., Webber, J., Wheeler, D. C., Taylor, K. G., Jones, S. L., Srivatsa, A., Anderson, S. G., Cruikshank, J. K., Florkowski, C. M., Scott, R. S., Graham, P. J., Moir, C. L., Flores, C., Ruggenenti, P., Dodesini, A. R., Vasile, B., Gaspari, F., Arnoldi, F., Ferrari, S., Ciocca, I., Spalluzzi, A., Remuzzi, G., Delvigne, C., Ballaux, D., Bosman, D. R., Winkler, A. S., Marsden, J., Watkins, P. J., Strutton, D., Erbey, J. R., Jacobsen, P., Rossing, K., Jensen, J. S., Mansfield, M. W., Kowalska, I., Telejko, B., Bachórzewska-Gajewska, A., Prokop, J., Kochman, W., Musiał, W., Naskręt, D., Oleksa, R., Zozulińska, D., Sowiński, J., Wierusz-Wysocka, B., Klamann, A., Jonas, M., Müller-Lung, U., Heuser, L., Launhardt, V., Valensi, P., Pariès, J., Torremocha, F., Brulport, V., Sachs, R. N., Vanzetto, G., Levy, M., Lormeau, B., Halimi, S., Perfornis, A., Boumal, D., Zimmermann, C., Bernard, Y., Sabbah, A., Meneveau, N., Gautier, S., Bassand, J. P., Anděl, M., Kraml, P., Potočková, J., Dvořáková, H., Trešlová, L., Nuttall, S. L., Martin, U., Kendall, M. J., Schiaffini, R., Pantaleo, A., Battocletti, T., Vaccari, V., Brufani, C., Martuscelli, E., Gargiulo, P., Nieszner, E., Posa, I., Kocsis, E., Préda, I., Pogatsa, G., Koltai, M. Z. S., Stefanidis, A., Manoussakis, S., Handanis, S., Zairis, M., Vitalis, D., Dadiotis, L., Fiorina, P., La Rocca, E., Astorri, E., Rossetti, C., Lucignani, G., Giudici, D., Castoldi, R., Mazarakis, N., Giagiakou, E., Karavidas, A., Agellou, A., Karamani, O., Matsakas, E., Caviezel, F., Morricone, L., Ranucci, M., Denti, S., Cazzaniga, A., Enrini, R., Isgrò, G., González de Molina, F. J., Sala, J., Masià, R., Marrugat, J., Kruszewski, P., Wolnik, B., Bieniaszewski, L., Świerblewska, E., Semetkowska-Jurkiewicz, E., Krupa-Wojciechowska, B., Vasilikos, P. G., Alaveras, A. E. G., Anastasopoulos, N. G., Chala, E., Sidira, M., Christakopoulos, P. D., Poulsen, P. L., Hansen, K. W., Ebbehøj, E., Knudsen, S. T., Mogensen, C. E., Ramu, Y., Vidyullatha, Y., Strojek, K., Gorska, J., Morawin, E., Ritz, E., Ciavarella, A., Malini, P. L., Strocchi, E., Fiumi, N., Ambrosioni, E., Idzior-Waluś, B., Stevens, L., McEneny, J., O’Kane, M. J., Moles, K. W., McMaster, C., Young, I. S., Leonhardt, W., Konstadelou, E., Gürlek, Alper, Soedamah-Muthu, S., Taskinen, M. R., Ehnholm, C., Wägner, A., Bayen, Laia, Rigla, M., Ortega, E., Caixàs, A., Mestrón, A., Ordóñez, J., Pérez, A., Sotiropoulou, G., Servais, P. L., Bertolotto, A., Pilo, M., Suchánková, G., Andratschke, S., Tschöp, M., Strasburger, C.-J., Rizzo, L., Aerts, P., Vinckx, M., Ansquer, J. C., Ryan, M., Buter, H., Navis, G. J., de Jong, P. E., de Zeeuw, D., Carreras, G., Giménez, G., Pou, J. M., Howorka, K., Gabriel, M., Pumprla, J., Köves, A., Bhowmik, N. B., Haque, A., Rahman, A., Paleari, F., Gamba, P., Mauri, G., Rovaris, G., Giannattasio, C., Piatti, M. L., Zincone, A., Cavaletti, G., Mancia, G., Lan, S., Arezzo, J., Gerber, R. A., Klioze, S. S., Saponara, C., Tartaglione, T., Cercone, S., Caputo, S., Meloni, T., Brunetti, D., Di Lazzaro, V., Xu, G., Jiang, H. Y., Shy, M. E., Sugimoto, K., Zhang, W.-X., Kuchmerovskaya, T., Donchenko, G., Shymansky, I., Kuchmerovsky, N., Pakyrbaeva, L., Cameron, N. E., Keegan, A., Cotter, M. A., Mirrlees, D., Smale, S. E., Biessels, G. J., Duis, S. E. J., Kamal, A., Gispen, W. H., Carrington, A., Carman, S., Smiarowski, H., Lavoie, D., Sawicki, D., Sabetta, A., Litchfield, J., Van Zandt, M., Sredy, J., Smirnova, V., Strokov, I., Ivanova, L., Ichunina, A., Nakamura, J., Nakayama, M., Hamada, Y., Chaya, S., Kato, K., Kasuya, Y., Mizubayashi, R., Miwa, K., Yasuda, Y., Kamiya, H., Hotta, N., Bíró, K., Kukorelli, T., Szilágyi, N., Kürthy, M., Komáromy, A., Mogyorosi, T., Nagy, K., Çakir, M., Baskal, N., Güllü, S., Elhan, A. H., Erdogan, G., Ziegler, D., Piolot, R., Neubauer, J., Senesi, B., Bonetti, R., Napolitano, A., Canepa, F., Ottonello, P., Schabmann, A., Giménez-Pérez, G., Arroyo, J. A., López, T., Ponz, E., Mauricio, D., Diem, P., Zanchin, L., Suter, S. L., Lefrandt, J. D., Smit, A., van Roon, A. M., Dullaart, R., Voita, D., Mackevics, V., Vitols, A., Lengyel, Cs., Farkas, Gy., Török, T., Légrády, P., Várkonyi, T. T., Kardos, A., Gingl, Z., Kempler, P., Rudas, L., Lonovics, J., Marchand, M., Stevens, L. K., Tarnás, Gy., Estrella, F., Christensen, N. J., Keresztes, K., Barna, I., Hermányi, Zs., Vargha, P., Bonnevie, L., Chanudet, X., Larroque, P., Tutuncu, N. Bascil, Deger, A., Batur, M. K., Yildirir, A., Onalan, O., Aksöyek, S., Kabakçι, G., Erbaş, T., Galicka-Latała, D., Surdacki, A., Gerritsen, J., TenVoorde, B. J., Heethaar, R. M., Tagawa, T. S., Kodama, M., Yoshioka, R., Yamasaki, Y., Didangelos, T., Athyros, V., Kontopoulos, A., Papageorgiou, A., Karamitsos, D., Lacigová, S., Rušavý, Z., Kárová, R., Perrild, H., Kay, L., Jørgensen, T., Bień, A. I., Witek, P., Geraldes, Elizabete, Rodrigues, D., Pereira, L., Doménech, A., Leitão, P., Anagnostopoulos, D., Foster, A. V. M., Nag, S., Barsoum, M., Lewis, G., Dunlop, N., Connolly, V., Bilous, R., Kelly, W., Chantelau, E., Gede, A., Sharman, D., O’Halloran, D., Best, C., Abbas, Z. G., Lutale, J., Gill, G. V., Jarvis, W. R., Archibald, L. K., Corcoran, S., Mansell, J., Pibworth, L., Terada, H., Shiba, T., Utugi, N., Utugi, T., Blum, M., Strobel, J., Höffken, K., Razvi, F. M., Kritzinger, E. E., Taylor, K., Jones, S., Illahi, W., Grüβer, M., Hartmann, P., Hoffstadt, K., van Leiden, H. A., Moll, A. C., Polak, B. C. P., Pietragalla, G. B., Maurino, M., Montanaro, M., Karadeniz, Ş., Tommasini, P., Quadrini, C., Demiraj, V., Rispoli, E., Ota, A., Takama, H., Saito, N., Hemández, C., Lepore, D., Antico, L., Giardina, B., Franconi, F., Michoud, E., Chamot, S., Riva, Ch., Hammes, H.-P., Renner, O., Breier, G., Lin, J., Alt, A., Betzholtz, C., Bretzel, R. G., Manti, R., Gallo, M., Molinar Hin, A., Brignardello, E., Boccuzzi, G., Li, Shanfang, Xiang, Kunsan, Zhang, Rugeng, Shangguan, Xinhong, Wu, Jianrong, Donnan, P. T., Broomhall, J., Hunter, K., Morris, A. D., Ioannidis, G., Peppa, M., Rontogianni, E., Kallifronas, M., Lekatsas, I., Chrysanthopoulou, G., Anthopoulos, L., Kesse, M., Thalassinos, N., Neves, C., Medina, J. L., Lopes, F., Yılmaz, M., Güvener, N., Güvener, M., Kocagöz, T., Böke, E., Paşaoglu, I., Bascil Tutuncu, N., Oto, A., Karvonen, M. K., Koulu, M., Pesonen, U., Mercuri, M., Rauramaa, R., Rutter, M. K., Kestevan, P., McComb, J. M., Marshall, S. M., Sobieska, M., Wiktorowicz, K., Kanters, S. D. J. M., Banga, J. D., Algra, A., Frijns, C. J. M., Beutler, J. J., Fijnheer, R., Nicoloff, G., Baydanoff, S., Stanimirova, N., Petrova, Ch., Lario, S., Campistol, J. M., Cases, A., Clària, J., Iñigo, P., Esmatjcs, E., Sármán, B., Tóth, M., Kocsis, I., Somogyi, A., Bumbure, A., Jachimowicz, K., Samson, J., Tomasiak, M., Sobol, A., Stańczyk, L., Watala, C., Stradina, P., Wiśniewska-Jarosińska, M., Marciniak, D., Więcławska, B., Watała, C., Golański, J., Zinnat, R., Mahmud, I., Büyükasik, Yahya, Demiroğlu, H., Szczepanik, A., Skowroński, M., Murawska, A., Meeking, D. R., Allard, S., Munday, J., Chowienczyk, P., Shaw, K. M., Cummings, M. H., Šimková, R., Jirsa, M., Hadoke, P. W. F., McIntyre, C. A., Jones, G. C., Williams, B. C., Elliott, A. I., McKnight, J. A., Pernow, J., Bombonato, G. C., Finucci, G. F., Zotta, L., Senses, V., Ozyazgan, S., Ince, E., Tunçdemir, M., Oztürk, M., Sultuybek, G., Akkan, A. G., Özyazgan, S., Unlücerci, Y., Bekpınar, S., Meyer, M. F., Lee, B. C., Shore, A. C., Humphreys, J. M., Tooke, J. E., Dell’Omo, G., Giovannitti, G., Caricato, F., Mariani, M., Pedrinelli, R., Kiviet-Boehm, C., Schwelling, V., Matthäei, S., Pfohl, M., McInerney, D., Itoh, H., Ohno, T., Katoh, N., Baumgartner-Parzer, S., Artwohl, M., Graier, W., Ludwig, C., Tachi, Y., Bannai, C., Shinohara, M., Shimpuku, H., Ohura, K., Bertacca, A., Sasvári, M., Szaleczki, E., Pusztai, P., Boes, U., Klaus, E., Dittrich, P., Wagner, Z., Wittmann, I., Pótó, L., Wagner, L., Mazák, I., Nagy, J., Feletto, F., Taboga, C., Tonutti, L., Lizzio, S., Russo, A., Selmo, V., Ceriello, A., Lekakis, J., Papamichael, C. M., Stamatelopoulos, K., Stamatelopoulos, S., Yillar, D. O., Gay, M., Lillaz, E., Passaro, A., Vanini, A., Calzoni, F., D’Elia, K., Carantoni, M., Zuliani, G., Fellin, R., Solini, A., Chwatko, G., Bald, E., Dramais, A.-S., Wallemacq, P. E., Vandeleene, B., Ciaria, M. V., Ariano, M., Strom, R., Gibney, J., Weiss, U., Turner, B., O’Gorman, P., Watts, G., Powrie, J., Crook, M., Shaw, K., and Cummings, M.
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- 1999
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32. Evidence that nerve growth factor plays a role in long-term potentiation in the rat dentate gyrus
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Kelly, A., Conroy, S., and Lynch, M. A.
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- 1998
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33. Evidence that nerve growth factor plays a role in long-term potentiation in the rat dentate gyrus
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Kelly, Áine, Conroy, S, and Lynch, M.A
- Abstract
An inbred strain of Wistar rat (GH), which is deficient in nerve growth factor (NGF), was used to assess the possible role of NGF in the generation of long-term potentiation in perforant path-granule cell synapses. The data show that NGF was significantly decreased in the dentate gyrus of GH rats, that this deficit was accompanied by an impairment in long-term potentiation (LTP) and that intraventricular injection of NGF substantially reversed this impairment. Analysis of depolarization-induced glutamate release in synaptosomes prepared from dentate gyrus of control rats revealed that NGF alone was without effect, but in combination with the metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist, aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (ACPD), NGF induced a significant increase in release. This effect was occluded by prior induction of LTP, suggesting that the interaction between these agents may be required to enhance transmitter release which accompanies LTP in dentate gyrus. In contrast to the effect of NGF and ACPD on glutamate release in control rats, the combination of these agents had no effect on release in synaptosomes prepared from GH rats, which might be explained by the marked decrease in trk receptors in dentate gyrus of GH rats. It was concluded that the impaired ability of GH rats to sustain LTP is associated with a reduction in NGF concentration, a reduction in stimulated release of NGF and a decrease in trk receptors in dentate gyrus. It is proposed that these data indicate a role for NGF in the generation of long-term potentiation in perforant path-granule cell synapses.
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- 1998
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34. Links between infant crying and sleep-waking at six weeks of age
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James-Roberts, I. St., Conroy, S., and Hurry, J.
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- 1997
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35. The complete amino acid sequence of yeast phosphoglycerate kinase
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Perkins, R E, Conroy, S C, Dunbar, B, Fothergill, L A, Tuite, M F, Dobson, M J, Kingsman, S M, and Kingsman, A J
- Abstract
The complete amino acid sequence of yeast phosphoglycerate kinase, comprising 415 residues, was determined. The sequence of residues 1-173 was deduced mainly from nucleotide sequence analysis of a series of overlapping fragments derived from the relevant portion of a 2.95-kilobase endonuclease-HindIII-digest fragment containing the yeast phosphoglycerate kinase gene. The sequence of residues 174-415 was deduced mainly from amino acid sequence analysis of three CNBr-cleavage fragments, and from peptides derived from these fragments after digestion by a number of proteolytic enzymes. Cleavage at the two tryptophan residues with o-iodosobenzoic acid was also used to isolate fragments suitable for amino acid sequence analysis. Determination of the complete sequence now allows a detailed interpretation of the existing high-resolution X-ray-crystallographic structure. The sequence -Ile-Ile-Gly-Gly-Gly- occurs twice in distant parts of the linear sequence (residues 232-236 and 367-371). Both these regions contribute to the nucleoside phosphate-binding site. A comparison of the sequence of yeast phosphoglycerate kinase reported here with the sequences of phosphoglycerate kinase from horse muscle and human erythrocytes shows that the yeast enzyme is 64% identical with the mammalian enzymes. The yeast has strikingly fewer methionine, cysteine and tryptophan residues.
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- 1983
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36. Deuterated plastic scintillator for proton detection in a neutron background
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Frenje, J., Conroy, S., Ericsson, G., Kaellne, J., Renberg, P.-U., and Traneus, E.
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- 1996
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37. Time resolved measurements of triton burnup in JET plasmas
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Conroy, S., Jarvis, O.N., Sadler, G., and Huxtable, G.B.
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Triton production from one branch of the deuteron-deuteron fusion reaction is routinely measured at 6 ms time intervals in JET plasma discharges by recording the 2.5 MeV neutrons produced in the other branch using a set of calibrated fission chambers. The burnup of the tritons is measured by detecting the 14 MeV t-d neutrons with a 0.2 cm3Si(Li) diode. The 2.5 MeV neutron flux can be used in a simple time dependent calculation based on classical slowing-down theory to predict the 14 MeV neutron flux. The measured flux and the triton slowing-down time are systematically lower than the values estimated from the key plasma parameters but the differences are within the experimental errors.
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- 1988
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38. 289 Genome-wide association study and expression quantitative trait loci analysis identifies a single nucleotide polymorphism associated with both residual feed intake and GFRA2
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Higgins, M, Fitzsimons, C, McClure, M, McKenna, C, Conroy, S, Kenny, D, McGee, M, Waters, S, and Morris, D
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Residual feed intake (RFI), a measure of feed efficiency, is an important economic and environmental trait in beef production. Selection of low RFI (feed efficient) cattle could maintain levels of production, while decreasing feed costs and methane emissions. However, RFI is a difficult and expensive trait to measure. Identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with RFI may enable rapid, cost effective genomic selection of feed efficient cattle. The objectives of this study were: to identify genetic variants associated with RFI and related traits (average daily gain (ADG) and feed intake (FI)) in a multi-breed population of Irish beef cattle (n=1492) and to investigate the functional effects of variants associated with the traits of interest. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were carried out for individual breeds of Irish beef cattle, followed by meta-analysis of results to identify genetic variants associated with RFI, ADG and FI in a multi-breed population. Previously generated RNA-Seq data from liver and muscle was collated and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis was conducted to identify functional effects of GWAS-identified variants. Twenty-four SNPs were associated (P-5) with RFI, ADG or FI. The most associated marker for RFI was rs43555985 (P=8.28E-06). An eQTL was identified between this variant and GFRA2(P=0.003) where the allele associated with lower RFI is associated with increased GFRA2expression in liver. GFRA2influencesbasal metabolic rates, suggesting a mechanism by which genetic variation may contribute to RFI. rs136457441, a SNP associated with ADG in this study, is the only variant identified that alters the protein coding sequence, causing a missense mutation in RPL26.Further investigation is required to uncover the biological role of this marker in ADG variation. This study identified SNPs that may be useful both for genomic selection of feed efficiency traits and for understanding the biology of feed efficiency.
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- 2018
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39. G212 Developing Paediatric Rational Prescribing Criteria
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Corrick, FJ, Conroy, S, Choonara, I, and Sammons, H
- Abstract
AimsRational prescribing is the therapeutically sound and cost-effective use of drugs(World Health Organisation, 2008). Criteria lists are well-established as research tools in rational prescribing for adults but only one tool has been developed for paediatric practice. The French ‘POPI’ criteria comprise 105 inappropriate prescriptions or omissions. Having revised these to align with UK clinical guidelines, our aim was to assess the usefulness of the modified POPI criteria by evaluating their relevance to UK paediatric patients.MethodsThis study was a single centre prospective observational study of 400 paediatric patients (0–18 years) in a children’s emergency department and two paediatric wards. The only exclusion criterion was lack of parent/carer consent. Diagnoses, symptoms and prescriptions were recorded and checked against the modified POPI tool.ResultsPatient age ranged from 3 days to 17 years. The median number of prescriptions per patient was 2.5 (range 0–26). 343 patients attended with at least one clinical indication in the tool. 255 were in the category of Pain or Fever; the next most frequent were Nausea, Vomiting or Gastro-oesophageal Reflux (n=123), Cough (n=77) and Diarrhoea (n=36). 29 cases had one or more inappropriate prescriptions or omissions; these related to Pain or Fever (n=25), Bronchiolitis (n=3), Nausea, Vomiting or Gastro-oesophageal Reflux (n=1), and Asthma (n=1) and comprised 20 omissions and 12 inappropriate prescriptions.ConclusionsThe modified POPI criteria detected 32 inappropriate prescriptions or omissions. However, 7/21 clinical categories were not relevant to any patients in the study. Furthermore, a number of frequent presentations are absent from the criteria, including sepsis (n=36), viral-induced wheeze (n=35) and lower respiratory tract infections (n=26). In 27 cases, it was not possible to determine objectively whether or not an inappropriate prescription had occurred, highlighting complexity and subjectivity within the criteria. This study demonstrates the potential for a criteria list to act as a useful tool in studying rational prescribing for children. However, it also highlighted a number of limitations that must be resolved in order to develop an effective paediatric rational prescribing tool.
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- 2017
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40. Potentially avoidable emergency department attendance: interview study of patients' reasons for attendance
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Agarwal, S, Banerjee, J, Baker, R, Conroy, S, Hsu, R, Rashid, A, Camosso-Stefinovic, J, Sinfield, P, and Habiba, M
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ObjectivesTo explore the reasons for attendance at the emergency department (ED) by patients who could have been managed in an alternative service and the rate of acute admissions to one acute hospital.DesignInterview study.SettingOne acute hospital (University Hospitals of Leicester) in the East Midlands.Participants23 patients and/or their carers.MethodsA purposive sample of patients attending the ED and the linked urgent care centre was identified and recruited. Patients in the sample were approached by a clinician and a researcher and invited to take part in an interview. Patients of different ethnicities and from different age groups, arriving at the ED via different referral routes (self-referral, emergency ambulance, GP referral, out-of-hours services) and attending at different times of the day and night were included. The interviews were recorded and transcribed with the individuals' permission and analysed using the framework analysis approach.ResultsPatients' anxiety or concern about the presenting problem, the range of services available to the ED and the perceived efficacy of these services, patients' perceptions of access to alternative services including general practice and lack of alternative pathways were factors that influenced the decision to use the ED.ConclusionsAccess to general practice, anxiety about the presenting problem, awareness and perceptions of the efficacy of the services available in the ED and lack of alternative pathways are important predictors of attendance rates.
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- 2012
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41. A case of misdiagnosis: solitary rectal ulcer misdiagnosed as a carcinoma at barium enema
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CONROY, S
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- 2004
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42. NEW PRODUCTS FOR ECZEMA
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Conroy, S
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- 2004
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43. INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF HUMAN SERA FROM NEWLY DIAGNOSED DIABETIC PATIENTS ON CELL DEATH
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Conroy, S., Newsholme, P., and Green, I.C.
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- 2000
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44. Evidence for complement activation in type 1 diabetes
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Byrne, P., Conroy, S., and Newsholme, P.
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- 2000
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45. Unlicensed and off label drug use in neonates.
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Conroy, S, McIntyre, J, and Choonara, I
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AIM: To determine the extent of use of drugs that are either not licensed (unlicensed), or are outside the terms of their product licence (off label) in a neonatal intensive care unit. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted over 13 weeks. RESULTS: 455 prescription episodes were administered to 70 babies. 63 (90%) patients were given a drug that was either unlicensed or used in an off label way. 54.7% prescription episodes were off label, many for more than one reason, and 9.9% (45) were unlicensed; 35.4% (161) prescription episodes were licensed. CONCLUSION: The use of unlicensed and off label drugs in neonatal intensive care seems to be far greater than other paediatric settings. This highlights the difficulties faced by those trying to ensure safe and effective prescribing for neonates. Urgent action is required to resolve this situation.
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- 1999
46. Antibodies to Heat Shock Proteins in Autoimmune Disease
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CONROY, S. E., FAULDS, G. B., ISENBERG, D. A., and LATCHMAN, D. S.
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- 1996
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47. Autoantibodies to 90 kD heat-shock protein in sera of breast cancer patients
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CONROY, S
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- 1995
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