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When mulberry flowers were exposed to eight different colours of light and also white from flowering to fruit harvest, seed set was higher in red and orange and less in black (darkness). Seed germination was highest with blue, red by violet and white and poor with pink. Red and orange gave significantly greater growth of seedlings. Copyright © 2003 Whurr Publishers Ltd

We have performed a series of 56 sufficiently long molecular dynamics simulations of aqueous alkali halide solutions at infinite dilution and also at a higher concentration at 298 and 258 K and at 7 different pressures ranging from 0.1 to 875 MPa to investigate the role of ion screening in the pressure dependence of various dynamical and hydrogen bond properties of aqueous ionic solutions. We found that the orientational relaxation at both temperatures and the ion conductance and diffusion at the supercooled temperature show anomalous behavior with the application of pressure. The extent of the anomaly decreases somewhat in the concentrated solution because of ion screening effects. Correlations of these pressure-induced dynamical changes with the changes of hydrogen bond properties of the aqueous solutions are discussed.

In this study, measurements of the electrical and detection parameters of the Cd1−xZnxTe detectors, within the x-ray diagnostic energy range, have been performed with the aim of optimizing the image quality parameters of these solid-state-ionization detectors. Namely, the leakage current and system capacitance of the x-ray imaging system have been measured as they relate to signal parameters. Similarly, the detected signal and noise contributions were measured and related to the radiation exposure and tube current setting. Furthermore, the detector contrast has been experimentally determined. The experimental results indicate that Cd1−xZnxTe detectors have low leakage current, high resistivity, and high detector contrast resolution. Therefore, they appear to be very attractive for imaging applications with applications in x-ray digital radiography.

In this study, measurements of the electrical and detection parameters of the Cd1–xZnxTe detectors, within the x-ray diagnostic energy range, have been performed with the aim of optimizing the image quality parameters of these solid-state-ionization detectors. Namely, the leakage current and system capacitance of the x-ray imaging system have been measured as they relate to signal parameters. Similarly, the detected signal and noise contributions were measured and related to the radiation exposure and tube current setting. Furthermore, the detector contrast has been experimentally determined. The experimental results indicate that Cd1–xZnxTe detectors have low leakage current, high resistivity, and high detector contrast resolution. Therefore, they appear to be very attractive for imaging applications with applications in x-ray digital radiography.

In this study, the electric field dependence on the charge collection process of CdZnTe detectors, at different x-ray tube settings, within the x-ray diagnostic energy range, is investigated. In addition, the detector contrast at different applied bias voltages and x-ray tube settings have been experimentally determined. The experimental results suggest that an efficient charge collection process is obtained by increasing the applied bias voltage. Once the applied bias voltage is sufficiently high, charge collection becomes complete and the detector operates in the saturation region. This is a prerequisite for high contrast and spatial resolution. As a result, the detector contrast is enhanced significantly. Therefore, CdZnTe detectors appear to be potential candidates for digital radiographic applications.

In this study, the electric field dependence on the charge collection process of CdZnTe detectors, at different x-ray tube settings, within the x-ray diagnostic energy range, is investigated. In addition, the detector contrast at different applied bias voltages and x-ray tube settings have been experimentally determined. The experimental results suggest that an efficient charge collection process is obtained by increasing the applied bias voltage. Once the applied bias voltage is sufficiently high, charge collection becomes complete and the detector operates in the saturation region. This is a prerequisite for high contrast and spatial resolution. As a result, the detector contrast is enhanced significantly. Therefore, CdZnTe detectors appear to be potential candidates for digital radiographic applications.