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Instruments for gamma-ray astronomy at Very High Energies (E>100GeV) have traditionally derived their scientific results through proprietary data and software. Data standardisation has become a prominent issue in this field both as a requirement for the dissemination of data from the next generation of gamma-ray observatories and as an effective solution to realise public data legacies of current-generation instruments. Specifications for a standardised gamma-ray data format have been proposed as a community effort and have already been successfully adopted by several instruments. We present the first production of standardised data from the Major Atmospheric Gamma-ray Imaging Cherenkov (MAGIC) telescopes. We converted 166hof observations from different sources and validated their analysis with the open-source software Gammapy. We consider six data sets representing different scientific and technical analysis cases and compare the results obtained analysing the standardised data with open-source software against those produced with the MAGIC proprietary data and software. Aiming at a systematic production of MAGIC data in this standardised format, we also present the implementation of a database-driven pipeline automatically performing the MAGIC data reduction from the calibrated down to the standardised data level. In all the cases selected for the validation, we obtain results compatible with the MAGIC proprietary software, both for the manual and for the automatic data productions. Part of the validation data set is also made publicly available, thus representing the first large public release of MAGIC data. This effort and this first data release represent a technical milestone toward the realisation of a public MAGIC data legacy.

Purpose: The main study goal is to assess the relationship between adherence to the mediterranean diet (MD) and the presence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: Observational pilot study of 174 patients diagnosed with T2DM. Sociodemographic and anthropometric variables, physical activity, smoking habits, blood biochemical parameters and comorbidities were recorded. The presence of alterations in sensitivity to pressure, pain, thermal and vibration was explored. Good MD adherence was a score  ≥  9 the 14-point MD adherence questionnaire (MEDAS-14). Results: The study population consisted of 174 patients (61.5% men and 38.5% women), with a mean age of 69.56 ± 8.86 years; 19% of these patients adhered to the MD. The score obtained in the MEDAS-14 was higher in patients who did not present alterations in sensitivity to pressure (p= 0.047) or vibration (p= 0.021). The patients without diabetic peripheral neuropathy were more likely to comply with the MD and had a higher score on the MEDAS-14 (p= 0.047). However, multivariate analysis showed that only altered sensitivity to pressure was associated with adherence to the MD (altered sensitivity OR = 2.9; 95%CI 1.02–8.22; p= 0.045). Conclusions: Although the patients with DPN had lower scores on the MEDAS questionnaire and therefore poorer adherence to the mediterranean diet, the only parameter significantly associated with the MD was that of sensitivity to pressure (monofilament test).

La dermatitis atópica (DA) es una dermatosis inflamatoria crónica, con alta prevalencia y un elevado impacto en la calidad de vida, asociada con múltiples comorbilidades, tanto atópicas como no atópicas. Hay un incremento reciente en el esfuerzo por comprender la relación existente entre la DA y este amplio espectro de comorbilidades, entre las que cabe destacar las de naturaleza psiquiátrica por su alto impacto en la calidad de vida. Los pacientes con DA parecen tener un mayor riesgo de padecer depresión y ansiedad, entre otras enfermedades mentales, siendo este riesgo más alto cuanto mayor es la gravedad de la DA. Si bien en algunos casos esto podría explicarse por la presencia de ciertas citoquinas proinflamatorias capaces de penetrar la barrera hematoencefálica, probablemente en la mayoría de los casos participen otros factores, como el prurito crónico o los trastornos del sueño. El objetivo de esta revisión es exponer la evidencia reciente más relevante sobre la relación entre la DA y las enfermedades psiquiátricas.

Perceptual learning refers to an improvement in perceptual abilities with training. Neural signatures of visual perceptual learning have been demonstrated mostly in mid- and high-level cortical areas, while changes in early sensory cortex were often more limited. We recorded continuously from multiple neuronal clusters in area V1 while macaque monkeys learned a fine contrast categorization task. Monkeys performed the contrast discrimination task initially when a constant-contrast sample stimulus was followed by a test stimulus of variable contrast, whereby they had to indicate whether the test was of lower or higher contrast than the sample. This was followed by sessions where we employed stimulus roving; i.e. the contrast of the sample stimulus varied from trial to trial. Finally, we trained animals, under ‘stimulus roving-with-flanker’ conditions, where the test stimuli to be discriminated were flanked by ‘flanking stimuli’. Perceptual discrimination abilities improved under non-roving conditions and under roving-with-flanker conditions as training progressed. Neuronal discrimination abilities improved with training mostly under non-roving conditions, but the effect was modest and limited to the most difficult contrast. Choice probabilities, quantifying how well neural activity is correlated with choice, equally increased with training during non-roving, but not during either of the roving conditions (with and without flankers). Noise correlations changed with training in both monkeys, but the changes were not consistent between monkeys. In one monkey, noise correlations decreased with training for non-roving and both roving conditions. In the other monkey, noise correlations changed for some conditions, but lacked a systematic pattern. Thus, while perceptual learning occurred under non-roving and roving-with-flanker conditions, the changes in neural activity in V1 were overall modest and were essentially absent under the different roving conditions.

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The photodissociation dynamics and photofragment alignment of bromoiodomethane (CH2BrI) have been studied at 193 nm using a double experimental and theoretical approach. In addition, the ultraviolet (UV)-vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) absorption spectrum of gas phase CH2BrI has been measured in the photon energy range of 5–11 eV using the VUV Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) at the VUV beamline DESIRS of the synchrotron SOLEIL facility. The slice imaging technique in combination with resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) detection of the Br(2PJ) and I(2PJ) (with J= 3/2 and 1/2 for Br/I and Br*/I*, respectively) atomic photofragments have been used to produce experimental translational energy and angular distributions, which were analyzed to deliver, on one hand, the partitioning of the available energy among the different degrees-of-freedom of the photofragments and, on the other, the photofragment polarization in terms of aqk(p) alignment parameters. The experimental measurements were rationalized in terms of high-level ab initiocalculations of vertical excitation energies, transition dipole moments and potential energy curves (PECs) along different reaction coordinates to provide a complete picture of the photodissociation dynamics. The results indicate that for excitation at 193 nm, prompt C–X cleavage (with X being either halogen atom, Br or I) competes with fast internal conversion and consequent stochastic dissociation in lower electronic states. In the case of the CH2Br + I(2P3/2)/I*(2P1/2) channels, the dynamics are greatly biased toward the stochastic dissociation process due to both the particular PECs landscape and the unfavored excitation of the CH2BrI ensemble with respect to the C–I molecular axis at this excitation energy. The ab initioPECs provide a tentative path for the fast dissociation process in either case. For the C–Br bond breakage, excitation to the 13A′ electronic state and predissociation through the 11A′/11A″or 12A′/12A″states, leading to direct dissociation through the 10A′/9A″ states, appear as the most consistent dynamics. For the C–I channel, predissociation does not become a reliable possibility and a fast internal conversion may precede dissociation through the repulsive 6A′/6A″and 4A′/4A″states. The large content of rotational and vibrational excitation of the polyatomic cofragments is justified through the soft impulsive model and the geometrical changes produced along the dissociation pathway. Strikingly, the aqk(p) alignment parameters obtained for the Br(2P3/2) and I(2P3/2) photoproducts indicate that the rotational angular momentum of the CH2X (X = I or Br) cofragment appears highly constrained along the recoil direction. Finally, this work presents a highly plausible explanation for the branching ratio of secondary dissociation processes in the photodynamics of CH2BrI at 193 nm.

El síndrome del dolor vesical (SDV) es un síndrome complejo, sin etiología claramente establecida, que engloba diferentes entidades como la cistitis intersticial. Esto conlleva dificultades para establecer una definición precisa, obtener datos de prevalencia exactos y definir criterios diagnósticos y métodos estandarizados de estudio. Tampoco existe homogeneidad sobre el tratamiento del SDV. Las instilaciones endovesicales con ácido hialurónico (AH) son una opción, sin aún recomendaciones específicas.

As dermatologic surgeons often have to perform long surgeries with local anesthetic only, they should be familiar with the fundamentals of how to manage 2 potentially serious complications: Hypertensive crises and intraoperative arrhythmias.

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Recientemente la Food and Drug Administrationha prohibido el uso de mallas transvaginales para el tratamiento quirúrgico de los prolapsos de órganos pélvicos (POP) en Estados Unidos. Esto ha suscitado una repercusión a escala mundial en el manejo de la patología del suelo pélvico por parte de los diferentes especialistas.

The cortex organizes sensory information to enable discrimination and generalization1–4. As systematic representations of chemical odour space have not yet been described in the olfactory cortex, it remains unclear how odour relationships are encoded to place chemically distinct but similar odours, such as lemon and orange, into perceptual categories, such as citrus5–7. Here, by combining chemoinformatics and multiphoton imaging in the mouse, we show that both the piriform cortex and its sensory inputs from the olfactory bulb represent chemical odour relationships through correlated patterns of activity. However, cortical odour codes differ from those in the bulb: cortex more strongly clusters together representations for related odours, selectively rewrites pairwise odour relationships, and better matches odour perception. The bulb-to-cortex transformation depends on the associative network originating within the piriform cortex, and can be reshaped by passive odour experience. Thus, cortex actively builds a structured representation of chemical odour space that highlights odour relationships; this representation is similar across individuals but remains plastic, suggesting a means through which the olfactory system can assign related odour cues to common and yet personalized percepts.

Adaptar la ICU Mobility Scale(IMS) al ámbito de las unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI) de España y evaluar las propiedades métricas de la IMS versión española (IMS-Es).

Antecedentes: Pese al avance terapéutico en la dermatitis atópica (DA), la información sobre el impacto y la interacción con las comorbilidades atópicas (como el asma, la rinoconjuntivitis y la patología ocular) es limitada. Este estudio pretende evaluar las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de pacientes con DA, así como la respuesta al tratamiento, considerando dichas comorbilidades.

•Sustainability is a critical part of healthcare, as healthcare emissions contribute to climate change•This study assessed the sustainability of podiatry clinics in Spain•357 podiatrists were surveyed about sustainability in healthcare•More than half were unaware of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals•Podiatry clinics in Spain rated low sustainability•Education and initiatives are needed.

The COVID‐19 pandemic continues to pose a substantial threat to human lives and is likely to do so for years to come. Despite the availability of vaccines, searching for efficient small‐molecule drugs that are widely available, including in low‐ and middle‐income countries, is an ongoing challenge. In this work, we report the results of an open science community effort, the “Billion molecules against COVID‐19 challenge”, to identify small‐molecule inhibitors against SARS‐CoV‐2 or relevant human receptors. Participating teams used a wide variety of computational methods to screen a minimum of 1 billion virtual molecules against 6 protein targets. Overall, 31 teams participated, and they suggested a total of 639,024 molecules, which were subsequently ranked to find ‘consensus compounds’. The organizing team coordinated with various contract research organizations (CROs) and collaborating institutions to synthesize and test 878 compounds for biological activity against proteases (Nsp5, Nsp3, TMPRSS2), nucleocapsid N, RdRP (only the Nsp12 domain), and (alpha) spike protein S. Overall, 27 compounds with weak inhibition/binding were experimentally identified by binding‐, cleavage‐, and/or viral suppression assays and are presented here. Open science approaches such as the one presented here contribute to the knowledge base of future drug discovery efforts in finding better SARS‐CoV‐2 treatments.

The past 5 years have seen a proliferation of new treatments for atopic dermatitis (AD). We analyzed recent drug survival data for cyclosporine in this setting. Because the Spanish National Healthcare system requires patients with AD to be treated with cyclosporine before they can be prescribed other systemic treatments, drug survival for cyclosporine may be shorter than in other diseases.

La dermatitis atópica (DA) es una enfermedad muy frecuente asociada a comorbilidades atópicas y no atópicas. En los últimos años existe un interés creciente por definir la relación entre la DA y un amplio espectro de comorbilidades, entre las que destacan las de perfil cardiovascular. Los pacientes con DA parecen tener un mayor riesgo de padecer obesidad, hipertensión arterial y eventos cardiovasculares mayores, entre otros. Es habitual que este riesgo sea más alto a mayor gravedad de la DA. Si el nexo común de estas comorbilidades es un estado inflamatorio sistémico crónico o si abundan los factores de confusión relacionados con la calidad y el estilo de vida, son cuestiones todavía a debate. En esta revisión describiremos la evidencia reciente más relevante respecto a la asociación entre la DA y estas enfermedades.

The role of promoting and spectator modes vs energy randomization in nonadiabatic dynamics is interrogated in the photodissociation of methyl mercaptan, CH3SH, and dimethyl sulfide, CH3SCH3or DMS, in the second absorption band. The primary CH3(ν) radicals produced in the dissociation of both systems at 210 nm have been resonantly detected in slice-imaging experiments, and the corresponding translational energy and angular distributions have been obtained. The stereodynamical information provided by Dixon’s bipolar moments in conjunction with the energy partitioning among the different degrees of freedom of the primary CH3(ν) products offers a panoramic picture of the photodissociation process of both systems. The remarkable similitude found between the two systems related to both vector correlations and internal energy content of the corresponding counterparts—SH for methyl mercaptan and SCH3for DMS—indicates that despite the diabaticity of the process, no efficient energy randomization of the available energy takes place. More specifically, only the parent vibrational modes whose participation in the initial absorption step is imposed by the conical intersection—i.e., the promoting modes—are adiabatically preserved during the process, while the rest of the vibrational modes play the spectator role. The results for both molecules at 210 nm are complemented with experiments carried out for DMS at 201 nm to explore the internal mechanism of the conical intersection in different zones of the absorption region.

Evaluar el nivel de implementación de los protocolos asociados a la prevención de la debilidad muscular adquirida en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI), así como la presencia del fisioterapeuta en distintas UCI de España.

La IU tras PR es uno de los factores con mayor impacto en la calidad de vida de los pacientes y en el gasto sanitario asociado. La definición de IU es muy variable en la literatura. De igual modo, son múltiples los factores predictores estudiados que influyen en la recuperación de la continencia posquirúrgica, siendo los más importantes los factores intraoperatorios.

Solar urticaria is an uncommon photodermatosis. First-line treatment is with antihistamines; second-line treatment includes induction of light tolerance using UV phototherapy.

Patients with chronic inflammatory diseases being treated with immunosuppressive drugs, and with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors in particular, have an increased risk of infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Screening for latent tuberculosis infection and preventive therapy to reduce the risk of progression to active tuberculosis are mandatory in this group of patients. This updated multidisciplinary consensus document presents the latest expert opinions on the treatment and prevention of tuberculosis in candidates for biologic therapy and establishes recommendations based on current knowledge relating to the use of biologic agents.

El riesgo de infección por Mycobacterium tuberculosisse halla aumentado en los pacientes con enfermedades inflamatorias crónicas y en tratamiento inmunosupresor, en particular con terapia antifactor de necrosis tumoral α. La detección de la infección tuberculosa latente y el tratamiento preventivo dirigido a reducir el riesgo de progresión a tuberculosis activa es obligatoria en este grupo de pacientes. Este documento de consenso multidisciplinar actualiza la opinión de expertos y establece recomendaciones para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la infección tuberculosa latente en estos pacientes, según los conocimientos actuales en terapias biológicas.

In this work, the mechanical properties of encapsulation materials for photovoltaic modules have been studied. A finite element model has been developed to simulate the degradation of solder bonds within modules subjected to different environmental conditions. Various polymeric encapsulants are characterized using constitutive techniques and included in the model. It is shown that the degradation rates of the solder bonds are dependent on the behavior of the encapsulant and that some encapsulants may cause higher or lower degradation than others depending on the use-environment.

Adhesion requirements for photovoltaic modules to ensure reliability are often discussed but not well defined, neither in terms of tests nor actual requirements. This paper presents a new approach for realistic assessment of the adhesion strength, which shows the conventional peel test may not ensure reliability. The test presented reproduces the actual adhesion requirements for fielded modules much more closely than the commonly used peel testing. The test is conducted in situ during standard damp-heat test at a temperature of 85 °C and 85% relative humidity, with the modules installed at an angle to give an appropriate force vector perpendicular to the backsheet. This is achieved by attaching weights to the back of the tested samples which are mounted with a 45° angle on a testing rack in the environmental cabinet. With an appropriate weight holder, this could be done as part of the standard damp-heat cycle during certification and would not involve additional testing time nor significant changes in the commonly used racking. This approach will identify the weakest interface of the multilayer encapsulation system. A number of test-to-fail bespoke samples are tested to set realistic fail criteria. It is shown that the test allows discrimination between different samples and can identify unsuitable production processes.

Omalizumab is a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody that inhibits immunoglobulin E. It has been approved for the treatment of severe asthma and chronic spontaneous urticaria refractory to other treatments. Its use in the management of chronic inducible urticaria (a type triggered by certain stimuli) is still considered off-label, although this use has been discussed in some consensus papers. This review brings together case reports and case series describing the use of omalizumab to treat chronic inducible urticaria. We analyze the most important aspects of the cases and the outcomes reported. The results seem to position omalizumab as a potentially effective, safe treatment alternative in some cases of chronic inducible urticaria.

•We propose a series of structured recommendations, based on the consensus of international, multidisciplinary experts, on factors to consider before, during, and after physical activity/exercise, thus facilitating the advisory role of health professionals.•These recommendations include the systematic analysis of the degree of risk presented by patients with diabetic foot before starting unsupervised physical activity.•Patients at high risk of ulceration should be closely monitored, including during their return to activity after ulceration, and it is recommended that those with open ulcers or peripheral artery disease perform stretching and strengthening exercises.

Background: The past 5 years have seen a proliferation of new treatments for atopic dermatitis (AD). We analyzed recent drug survival data for cyclosporine in this setting. Because the Spanish National Healthcare system requires patients with AD to be treated with cyclosporine before they can be prescribed other systemic treatments, drug survival for cyclosporine may be shorter than in other diseases.

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We report 3 cases of solar urticaria in which there was no response or limited response to first-line treatments with high-dose H1antihistamines or phototherapy. The patients were then treated with omalizumab. Symptoms improved in 2 patients, whose tolerance to sunlight increased considerably; quality of life clearly improved for 1 of these patients. The third experienced no improvement and developed a mild local reaction to the injected medication. We conclude that omalizumab may offer a potentially safe, useful alternative for patients with solar urticaria who do not respond to conventional therapy.

Se presentan 3 pacientes con urticaria solar que o no habían respondido adecuadamente o presentaban limitaciones a los tratamientos de primera línea (antihistamínicos H1 a dosis altas o fototerapia), que fueron tratados con omalizumab. Dos de ellos mejoraron clínicamente con un aumento muy importante de la tolerancia a la luz, uno de ellos con clara mejoría de la calidad de vida. El otro paciente no mejoró y desarrolló una reacción local leve a la medicación inyectada. Omalizumab puede ser por tanto una alternativa terapéutica potencialmente útil y segura en urticarias solares graves no respondedoras al tratamiento convencional.

We aimed to develop and validate a simple prehospital stroke scale to predict the presence of large vessel occlusion (LVO) in patients with acute stroke.

The use of glassy carbon electrodes (GCEs) modified with multiwalled carbon nanotube (CNT) films for the continuous monitoring of 2,4‐dichlorophenol (2,4DCP) in flow systems has been examined. The performance of these modified electrodes was evaluated and compared to bare GCE by cyclic voltammetry experiments and by flow injection analysis (FIA) with amperometric detection monitoring the response of 2,4DCP and 1,4‐benzoquinone in 0.050 M phosphate buffer pH 7.0. The CNT‐modified electrodes provided lower overpotentials, higher sensitivity and much higher signal stability under a dynamic regime than bare GCEs. The application of GCEs modified with a layer of CNT dispersed in Nafion for controlling 2,4DCP impurity in 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid illustrates the possibilities of such electrodes for the stable long‐term measurements demanded by industrial activities.

Background:A case-control study was conducted to compare static plantar pressures and distribution of body weight across the two lower limbs, as well as the prevalence of gastrocnemius soleus equinus, in children with and without calcaneal apophysitis (Sever’s disease).Methods:The participants were 54 boys enrolled in a soccer academy, of which eight were lost to follow-up. Twenty-two boys with unilateral Sever’s disease comprised the Sever’s disease group and 24 healthy boys constituted a control group. Plantar pressure data were collected using pedobarography, and gastrocnemius soleus equinus was assessed.Results:Peak pressure and percentage of body weight supported were significantly higher in the symptomatic feet of the Sever’s disease group than in the asymptomatic feet of the Sever’s disease group and the control group. Every child in the Sever’s disease group had bilateral gastrocnemius equinus, while nearly all children in the control group had no equinus.Conclusions:High plantar foot pressures are associated with Sever’s disease, although it is unclear whether they are a predisposing factor or a result of the condition. Gastrocnemius equinus may be a predisposing factor for Sever’s disease. Further research is needed to identify other factors involved in the disease and to better understand the factors that contribute to abnormal distribution of body weight in the lower limbs. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 101(1): 17–24, 2011)

To identify the psychiatric and epilepsy variables predictive of postsurgical seizure outcome after anterotemporal lobectomy (ATL).

A revised procedure for the preparation of bismuth film electrodes (BiFEs), adapted to improve its performance in acid media, is presented and applied for the analysis of herbicides under these conditions. Common carbon‐based substrates have been studied for the preparation of ex situ BiFE as well as the influence of relevant parameters upon the bismuth film formation (plating solution, deposition potential and deposition time). A plating solution consisting of 0.60 mM Bi(NO3)3in 0.10 M H2SO4and a careful selection of the plating potential (equal to the cathodic peak potential in this solution) applied during 360 s yields to a suitable BiFE in terms of stability and electroanalytical performance. The applicability of the BiFE was investigated for the analysis of the herbicides metamitron, metribuzin, maleic hydrazide and atrazine in nondeaerated solutions by square‐wave voltammetry (SWV). In all cases the enhanced electrochemical performance of the BiFE over bare glassy carbon electrode (GCE) is evident. Herbicides signals at BiFE have improved sensitivity and a positive potential shift is observed when compared to bare GCE. The herbicide metribuzin (4‐amino‐6‐tert‐4,5‐dihydro‐3‐methyl‐thio‐1,2,4‐triazin‐5‐one) was determinated in nondeaerated solutions by square‐wave voltammetry (SWV) using BiFE. Under optimal conditions, the dynamic linear range of concentrations is comprised between 10 and 200 μM and the detection limit is 6 μM.

A new method for the separation of a mixture of different herbicides (propham, chlorpropham, asulam, metamitron, linuron, and maleic hydrazide) using MEKC is proposed. A base‐line separation for the mixture of herbicides is achieved in less than six minutes. The detection limits obtained for all the herbicides were lower than 1.0 μM using UV detection. This separation method was used for the determination of maleic hydrazide in potato samples. If a dual (UV‐electrochemical) detection system is employed, chlorpropham can be also detected. The results obtained showed that electrochemical detection was ten folds more sensitive than UV detection for maleic hydrazide. The detection limit of the proposed method for maleic hydrazide employing electrochemical detection was 1.3 μg g−1, this value is lower than 50 μg g−1, which is the maximum residue level permitted for this plant growth regulator in potato samples. The results obtained in the work clearly demonstrate the advantage of using electrochemical detection coupled to capillary electrophoresis, using this detection the concentration limits are not compromised by miniaturization and the components required are simple and inexpensive.