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The construction of heterogeneous microstructure and the selection of multicomponents have turned into a research hotspot in developing ultralight, multifunctional, high-efficiency electromagnetic wave absorbing (EMA) materials. Although aerogels are promising materials to fulfill the above requirements, the increase in functional fillers inevitably leads to the deterioration of intrinsic properties. Tuning the electromagnetic properties from the structural design point of view remains a difficult challenge. Herein, we design customized pore creation strategies via introducing sacrificial templates to optimize the conductive path and construct the discontinuous dielectric medium, increasing dielectric loss and achieving efficient microwave absorption properties. A 3D porous composite (MEM) was crafted, which encapsulated an EVA/FeCoNi (EVA/MNPs) framework with Ti3C2TxMXene coating by employing a direct heated cross-linking and immersion method. Controllable adjustment of the conductive network inside the porous structure and regulation of the dielectric character are achieved by porosity variation. Eventually, the MEM-5 with a porosity of 66.67% realizes RLminof −39.2 dB (2.2 mm) and can cover the entire X band. Moreover, through off-axis electronic holography and the calculation of conduction loss and polarization loss, the dielectric property is deeply investigated, and the inner mechanism of optimization is pointed out. Thanks to the inherent characteristic of EVA and the porous structure, MEM-5 showed excellent thermal insulating and superior compressibility, which can maintain 60 °C on a 90–100 °C continuous heating stage and reached a maximum compressive strength of 60.12 kPa at 50% strain. Conceivably, this work provides a facile method for the fabrication of highly efficient microwave absorbers applied under complex conditions.

• A multilevel heterogeneous electromagnetic microsphere was constructed by spray drying and in-situ pyrolysis. • High-density interfaces, the balance of magnetic loading and dispersion, and optimal impedance matching all enhance microwave absorption performance. • Theoretical calculations and holographic characterization illustrate the mechanism of electromagnetic performance enhancement. The hollow porous structure with exceptional interfacial effect and customizable internal environment shows significant potential for application as electromagnetic shielding and absorption materials. However, designing hollow porous electromagnetic absorbers with both desirable impedance matching and high loss capability remains a challenge. Herein, 3D hollow porous electromagnetic microspheres were constructed by assembling 0D Co magnetic nanoparticles, 1D carbon nanotubes, and 2D carbon nanosheets. Due to the sufficient sites for Co2+ riveting, the high loading of magnetic carbon nanotubes (CoNC) and porous carbon spheres formed high-density interfaces, enhancing the interfacial polarization. Furthermore, high-density CoNC were grown in situ on the hollow porous carbon (HPC) microsphere, forming a highly dispersed 3D magnetic network that inhibited the aggregation of magnetic nanoparticles and enhanced magnetic coupling. Therefore, the as-prepared CoNC/HPC microspheres exhibited excellent microwave absorption (MA) performance, with a minimum reflection loss of -33.2 dB and an effective bandwidth of 5.5 GHz at a thickness of only 1.8 mm. The interfacial polarization mechanism for enhanced MA performance was demonstrated by electron holography and density functional theory calculations. Magnetic holography and micromagnetic simulations also revealed magnetic confinement and coupling mechanism. This work provides a new approach for designing electromagnetic absorbers with optimized impedance matching and loss capability. A high magnetic loading and decentralized strategy is proposed to prepare the porous electromagnetic composite microsphere. Within the 3D magnetic confinement structure, strong interfacial polarization and magnetic coupling can be triggered, leading to excellent microwave absorption performance. This work serves as a new idea for designing electromagnetic absorbers with optimized structure and performance. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alloy anode with good reversibility of lithium plating/stripping and long cycling stability is considered as promising anode materials. Here, Cu–Sn alloy is used as the substrate for Li deposition to induce the most densely packed arrangement of Li atoms, thus presenting high lithiophilicity and improving Li plating behaviors. The LiFePO4-based full cell with the as-prepared dendrite-free Li metal anode retained at 85 mAh g−1with a high coulombic efficiency of 99.5% after 300 cycles, presenting a capacity retention of 79.4%. This strategy provides a new perspective to structure dendrite-free Li anode for the next-generation high-energy density batteries.

The summer monsoon onset over the Bay of Bengal and South China Sea signals the beginning of the Asian summer monsoon, critical for local fisheries, agriculture and livelihoods, so communities are concerned about its potential changes under global warming. Previous projections have suggested a delay, but the extent of this delay remains uncertain, undermining the reliability of the projections. Here, we show a significant correlation between the projected shift in Bay of Bengal/South China Sea monsoon onset and present‐day sea surface temperature (SST) simulation over the western Pacific (WP). This emergent relationship arises from the spread of the precipitation response over the western‐central Pacific to WP SST, as more precipitation induces stronger tropical upper‐tropospheric warming, increasing westerly vertical shear near South Asia, and facilitating the onset delay. The rectified projections indicate that the delayed shift is almost halved compared to raw projections, and the intermodel uncertainty is reduced by 30%. The summer monsoon onset over the Bay of Bengal and South China Sea is a crucial time for fishing, agriculture and livelihood, and is important for the further advance of the monsoon rains over tropical Asia. Previous studies have suggested that monsoon onset in these seas will be delayed in the future, but there is large uncertainty between models, undermining the reliability of the projection. This study finds that the projected shift in the onset is strongly related to a model's representation of sea surface temperatures over the western Pacific Ocean in the present day. Based on the relationship found in observations, we adjust or “constrain” the future projections of the monsoon onset. The delay to the monsoon onset using this adjustment is almost half of the original projection, and the uncertainty between models is also reduced. We suggest that a more accurate simulation of sea‐surface temperatures in the present‐day climate of the western Pacific Ocean is crucial for reliable future projections of the monsoon onset. An observational constraint is identified for projected changes in summer monsoon onset date over the Bay of Bengal and South China SeaModels with a warmer sea surface temperature bias over the tropical western Pacific tend to project a more delayed monsoon onset in the futureThe emergent constraint indicates that the delay of monsoon onset over the Bay of Bengal and South China Sea is overestimated An observational constraint is identified for projected changes in summer monsoon onset date over the Bay of Bengal and South China Sea Models with a warmer sea surface temperature bias over the tropical western Pacific tend to project a more delayed monsoon onset in the future The emergent constraint indicates that the delay of monsoon onset over the Bay of Bengal and South China Sea is overestimated

The high specific capacity of alkalic metal (Li, Na, and K) anodes has drawn widespread interest; however, the practical applications of alkalic metal anodes have been hampered by dendrite growth and interfacial instability, resulting in performance deterioration and even safety issues. Here, we describe a simple method for building tunable fluoride-based artificial solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) from the fluorination reaction of alkali metals with a mild organic fluorinating reagent. Comprehensive characterization by advanced electron microscopes shows that the LiF-based artificial SEI adopts a crystal–glass structure, which enables efficient Li ion transport and improves structural integrity against the volume changes that occur during Li plating/stripping. Compared with bare Li anode, the ones with artificial SEI exhibit decreased voltage hysteresis, enhanced rate capability, and prolonged cycle life. This method is also applied to generate fluoride-based artificial SEI on Na and K metal anodes that brings significant improvement in battery performance.

The thermal runaway (TR) of lithium iron phosphate batteries (LFP) has become a key scientific issue for the development of the electrochemical energy storage (EES) industry. This work comprehensively investigated the critical conditions for TR of the 40 Ah LFP battery from temperature and energy perspectives through experiments. The kinetic parameters were obtained and the TR characteristics under an adiabatic environment were elucidated by adiabatic TR experiments, and the TR critical temperature and energy were obtained by experiments under different heating powers. The results indicate that the critical TR temperature Tcrof LFP batteries exhibits a logarithmic relationship with the heat transfer coefficient h. The heating power is inversely proportional to the time taken to trigger TR in the heated cell. Furthermore, under the open environment, the dichotomous idea was used to obtain the critical temperature at which thermal runaway occurs as 125 ± 3 °C, and the critical energy Ecrrequired to trigger thermal runaway is 122.76 ± 7.44 kJ. This work can provide a theoretical basis and some important guidance for the study of lithium iron phosphate battery's thermal runaway propagation as well as the fire safety design of energy storage power stations.

Fluctuation-based super-resolution microscopy enhances image resolution using signal fluctuations, yet the inherent fluctuations of fluorophores limit its spatiotemporal resolution. In this work, we reveal a far-field enhancement (FFE) effect via a nanosilver film that significantly boosts fluorescence fluctuations of fluorophores positioned up to 10 μm away. The FFE effect arises from the interference of scattered light from the nanosilver film and photothermal-induced refractive index changes in the imaging medium, which create periodic auxiliary illumination on the sample. This phenomenon enabled the development of far-field enhanced super-resolution microscopy (FFE-SRM), a technique compatible with commonly used fluorophores. FFE-SRM improves temporal resolution up to 10-fold and enhances spatial resolution by about 2-fold over various SRM methods, including stochastic optical fluctuation imaging, super-resolution radial fluctuation, mean-shift super-resolution, and direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy. We demonstrated the potential of FFE-SRM by revealing mitochondrial dynamics in live-cell imaging, advancing super-resolution imaging, and cellular process exploration.

Rechargeable lithium metal anodes (LMAs) with long cycling life have been regarded as the “Holy Grail” for high-energy-density lithium metal secondary batteries. The skeleton plays an important role in determining the performance of LMAs. Commercially available copper foam (CF) is not normally regarded as a suitable skeleton for stable lithium storage owing to its relatively inappropriate large pore size and relatively low specific surface area. Herein, for the first time, we revisit CF and address these issues by rationally designing a highly porous copper (HPC) architecture grown on CF substrates (HPC/CF) as a three-dimensional (3D) hierarchically bicontinuous porous skeleton through a novel approach combining the self-assembly of polystyrene microspheres, electrodeposition of copper, and a thermal annealing treatment. Compared to the CF skeleton, the HPC/CF skeleton exhibits a significantly improved Li plating/stripping behavior with high Coulombic efficiency (CE) and superior Li dendrite growth suppression. The 3D HPC/CF-based LMAs can run for 620 h without short-circuiting in a symmetric Li/Li@Cu cell at 0.5 mA cm–2, and the Li@Cu/LiFePO4full cell exhibits a high reversible capacity of 115 mAh g–1with a high CE of 99.7% at 2 C for 500 cycles. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the design strategy of 3D hierarchically bicontinuous porous skeletons for developing stable and safe LMAs.

Spinel oxides have emerged as a promising candidate in the realm of nanozymes with variable oxidation states, while their limited active sites and low conductivity hinder further application. In this work, we synthesize a series of metal-doped NiCo2O4nanospheres decorated with Pd, which are deployed as highly efficient nanozymes for the detection of cancer biomarkers. Through meticulous modulation of the molar ratio between NiCo2O4and Pd, we orchestrated precise control over the oxygen vacancies and electronic structure within the nanozymes, a key factor in amplifying the catalytic prowess. Leveraging the superior H2O2reduction catalytic properties of Fe-NiCo2O4@Pd, we have successfully implemented its application in the electrochemical detection of biomarkers, achieving unparalleled analytical performance, much higher than that of Pd/C and other reported nanozymes. This research paves the way for innovative electron modification strategies in the design of high-performance nanozymes, presenting a formidable tool for clinical diagnostic analyses.

Lithium (Li) metal is considered as the “holy grail” of anode materials for next-generation high energy batteries. However, notorious dendrite growth and interfacial instability could induce irreversible capacity loss and safety issues, limiting the practical application of Li metal anodes. Herein, we develop a novel approach to construct a borate-based artificial solid-electrolyte interphase (designated as B-SEI) through the reaction of metallic Li with triethylamine borane (TEAB). According to our cryogenic electron microscopy (Cryo-EM) characterization results, the artificial SEI adopts a glass-crystal bilayer structure, which facilitates uniform Li-ion transport and inhibits dendrite growth during Li plating. Benefiting from such an artificial SEI, the Li anode delivers an improved rate performance and prolonged cycle life. The symmetric Li/B-SEI||Li/B-SEI cell can maintain stable cycling for 700 h at a high current density of 3 mA cm–2. The full-cell pairing Li/B-SEI with LiFePO4only exhibits minimal capacity decay after 500 cycles in a conventional carbonate-based electrolyte. This work demonstrates the feasibility of building a boride-based artificial SEI to stabilize the Li metal anode based on microscopic characterization results and comprehensive electrochemical data, which represents a promising avenue to develop practical Li metal batteries.

Lithium metal anodes (LMAs) are critical for high-energy-density batteries such as Li–S and Li–O2batteries. The spontaneously formed solid electrolyte interface on LMAs is fragile, which may not accommodate the cyclic Li plating/stripping. This usually will result in a low coulombic efficiency (CE), short cycle life, and potential safety hazards induced by the uncontrollable growth of lithium dendrites. In this study, we fabricate a Li alginate-based artificial SEI (ASEI) layer that is chemically stable and allows easy Li ion transport on the surface of LMAs, thus enabling the stable operation of lithium metal anodes. Compared to bare LMAs, the ASEI layer-protected LMAs exhibit a more stable Li plating/stripping behavior and present effective dendrite suppression. The symmetric Li∥Li cells with the ASEI layer-protected LMAs can stably run for 850 and 350 h at current densities of 0.5 and 1 mA cm–2, respectively. Additionally, the LiFePO4∥Li full cell with the ASEI layer-protected LMA exhibits a capacity retention of about 94.0% coupled with a CE of 99.6% after 1000 cycles at 4 C. We believe that this study of engineering an ASEI brings a new and promising approach to the stabilization of LMAs for high-performance lithium metal batteries.

Dopaminergic modulation of corticostriatal transmission is critically involved in reward-driven behaviors. This modulation is mainly mediated by dopamine D1 receptors (D1Rs) and D2Rs, which are highly expressed in medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the dorsomedial striatum (DMS), a brain region essential for goal-directed behaviors and addiction. D1Rs and D2Rs are also present at presynaptic cortical terminals within the DMS. However, it is not known how addictive substances alter the glutamatergic strength of striatal synapses expressing presynaptic dopamine receptors. Using cell type-specific Cre mice in combination with optogenetic techniques, we measured glutamatergic transmission at D1R- or D2R-expressing afferents to DMS MSNs. We found larger excitatory postsynaptic currents at the synapses between the extra-striatal D2R-expressing afferents and D1R-expressing MSNs (D2→D1), as compared with those observed at the other tested synapses (D1→D1, D1→D2, and D2→D2). Additionally, excessive alcohol consumption induced a long-lasting potentiation of glutamatergic transmission at the corticostriatal D2→D1 synapse. Furthermore, we demonstrated that activation of postsynaptic, but not presynaptic, D2Rs inhibited corticostriatal transmission in an endocannabinoid-dependent manner. Taken together, these data provide detailed information on the mechanisms underlying dopamine receptor-mediated modulation of brain reward circuitry.

Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) is a leading cause of hyperactivity in children. Excitation of dopamine D1 receptor‐expressing medium spiny neurons (D1‐MSNs) of the dorsomedial striatum (DMS), a brain region that controls voluntary behavior, is known to induce hyperactivity in mice. We therefore hypothesized that PAE‐linked hyperactivity was due to persistently altered glutamatergic activity in DMSD1‐MSNs. Female Ai14 tdTomato reporter mice were given access to alcohol in an intermittent access, 2‐bottle choice paradigm before pregnancy, and following mating with male D1‐Cre mice, through the pregnancy period, and until postnatal day (P) 10. Locomotor activity was tested in juvenile (P21) and adult (P133) offspring, and alcohol‐conditioned place preference (CPP) was measured in adult offspring. Glutamatergic activity in DMSD1‐MSNs of adult PAEand control mice was measured by slice electrophysiology, followed by measurements of dendritic morphology. Our voluntary maternal alcohol consumption model resulted in increased locomotor activity in juvenile PAEmice, and this hyperactivity was maintained into adulthood. Furthermore, PAEresulted in a higher alcohol‐induced CPPin adult offspring. Glutamatergic activity onto DMSD1‐MSNs was also enhanced by PAE. Finally, PAEincreased dendritic complexity in DMSD1‐MSNs in adult offspring. Our model of PAEdoes result in persistent hyperactivity in offspring. In adult PAEoffspring, hyperactivity is accompanied by potentiated glutamatergic strength and afferent connectivity in DMSD1‐MSNs, an outcome that is also consistent with the observed increase in alcohol preference in PAEoffspring. Consequently, a PAE‐sensitive circuit, centered within the D1‐MSN, may be linked to behavioral outcomes of PAE.

Addiction is proposed to arise from alterations in synaptic strength via mechanisms of long-term potentiation (LTP) and depression (LTD). However, the causality between these synaptic processes and addictive behaviors is difficult to demonstrate. Here we report that LTP and LTD induction altered operant alcohol self-administration, a motivated drug-seeking behavior. We first induced LTP by pairing presynaptic glutamatergic stimulation with optogenetic postsynaptic depolarization in the dorsomedial striatum, a brain region known to control goal-directed behavior. Blockade of this LTP by NMDA-receptor inhibition unmasked an endocannabinoid-dependent LTD. In vivo application of the LTP-inducing protocol caused a long-lasting increase in alcohol-seeking behavior, while the LTD protocol decreased this behavior. We further identified that optogenetic LTP and LTD induction at cortical inputs onto striatal dopamine D1 receptor-expressing neurons controlled these behavioral changes. Our results demonstrate a causal link between synaptic plasticity and alcohol-seeking behavior and suggest that modulation of this plasticity may inspire a therapeutic strategy for addiction. Addiction-related behaviors are believed to result from drug-evoked synaptic changes, but their causality is unclear. The authors show that bidirectional optogenetic modifications of synaptic strength distinctly alter alcohol-seeking behavior.

The increasing demand for portable electronic devices and hybrid electric vehicles stimulates the development of supercapacitors as an advanced energy storage system. Here, we demonstrate a binder-free nickel hydroxide@nanoporous gold/Ni foam (Ni(OH)2@NPG/Ni foam) electrode for high-performance supercapacitors, which is prepared by a facile three-step fabrication route including electrodeposition of Au-Sn alloy on Ni foam, chemical dealloying of Sn and electrodepostion of Ni(OH)2on NPG/Ni foam. Such Ni(OH)2@NPG/Ni foam electrode is composed of a thin layer of conformable Ni(OH)2nanoflakes supported on three-dimensional (3D) hierarchically porous NPG/Ni foam substrate. The resulting Ni(OH)2@NPG/Ni foam electrode can offer highways for both electron transfer and ion transport and lead to an excellent electrochemical performance with an ultrahigh specific capacitance of 3380 F g-1 at a current density of 2 A g−1. Even when the current density was increased to 50 A g−1, it still retained a high capacitance of 1927 F g−1. The promising performance of the Ni(OH)2@NPG/Ni foam electrode is mainly ascribed to the 3D hierarchical porosity and the highly conductive network on the NPG/Ni foam composite current collector, as well as the conformal electrodeposition of Ni(OH)2active material on the NPG/Ni foam, which induces the formation of interconnected porosity both on the top surface and on the inner surface of the electrode. This inspiring electrochemical performance would make the as-designed electrode material become one of the most promising candidates for future electrochemical energy storage systems. 人们对便携式电子器件和混合动力汽车的需求不断增长, 激发了超级电容器等先进储能体系的发展. 本文通过三步法, 包括电化学沉积金-锡合金、 化学去合金除锡以及电化学沉积氢氧化镍等, 制备了无需粘结剂的氢氧化镍@纳米多孔金/泡沫镍电极用作超级电容器电极材料. 该电极材料由支撑在三维分级多孔的纳米多孔金/泡沫镍基底表面的氢氧化镍纳米片薄层组成, 能够为电子传导与离子输运提供快速通道, 在2 A g−1的充放电电流密度下比电容值高达 3380 F g−1, 当充放电电流密度增大到50 A g−1时, 其比电容值仍能保持为1927 F g−1, 表现出优异的电化学性能. 氢氧化镍@纳米多孔金/泡沫镍电极材料具有优良电化学性能的原因在于其所拥有的三维分级多孔结构、 纳米多孔金/泡沫镍复合集流体的高导电网络以及氢氧化镍活性材料在纳米多孔金/泡沫镍表面的保形电沉积使整个电极的内外表面均形成互连的多孔结构. 氢氧化镍@纳米多孔金/泡沫镍电极材料所展现出的优异电化学性能令其有望成为未来最有前景的电化学储能材料之一.

Rechargeable solid-state Na metal batteries (SSNMB) can offer high operational safety and energy density. However, poor solid–solid contact between the electrodes and the electrolyte can dramatically increase interfacial resistance and Na dendrite formation, even at low current rates. Therefore, we developed a carbon-fiber-supported liquid Na–K alloy anode that ensures close anode–electrolyte contact, enabling superior cycle stability and rate capability. We then demonstrated the first cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) characterization of an SSNMB, capturing the evolution of solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI) and revealing both crystalline and amorphous phases, which could facilitate ion transport and prevent continuous side reactions. By enhancing contact between the Na–K alloy and solid-state electrolyte, these symmetric cells are capable of cycling for over 800 h without notable increased polarization and enable an unprecedented critical current density (CCD) at 40 mA cm–2. Our liquid Na–K alloy approach offers a promising strategic avenue toward commercial SSNMBs.

Rwanda is a landlocked country in central-eastern Africa. As a country highly dependent on rain-fed agriculture, Rwanda is vulnerable to rainfall variability. Observational data show that there are two rainy seasons in Rwanda, i.e., the long rainy season and the short rainy season. This study mainly focuses on the dominant intraseasonal rainfall mode during the long rainy season (February–May), and evaluates the forecast skill for the intraseasonal variability (ISV) over Rwanda and its surrounding regions in a state-of-the-art dynamic model. During the long rainy season, observational results reveal that the dominant intraseasonal rainfall mode in Rwanda exhibits a significant variability on the 10–25-day time scale. One-point-correlation analysis further unveils that the 10–25-day intraseasonal rainfall variability in Rwanda co-varies with that in its adjacent areas, indicating that the overall 10–25-day rainfall variability in Rwanda and its adjacent regions (8°S–3°N, 29°–37°E) should be considered collectively when studying the dominant intraseasonal rainfall variability in Rwanda. Composite results show that the development of the 10–25-day rainfall variability is associated with the anomalous westerly wind in Rwanda and its surrounding regions, which may trace back to a pair of westward-propagating equatorial Rossby waves. Based on the observational findings, an ISO_rainfall_index and an ISO_wind_index are proposed for quantitatively evaluating the forecast skill. The ECMWF model has a comparable skill in predicting the wind index and the rainfall index, with both indices showing a skill of 18 days.

Sri Lanka, a small island country located near the southernmost end of the Indian subcontinent, is controlled by the southwest monsoon (SWM) during May to September, when it suffers the most accumulated rainfall in a year. Compared with extensive studies on the intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) of the Indian monsoon, less attention has been paid to the ISO of the SWM over Sri Lanka. Based on observational data, this study reveals that the leading mode of SWM rainfall shows a significant variability on a 10–35-day time scale, and it accounts for 66% of the fractional variance. The development of the intraseasonal rainfall anomaly is associated with a westward propagating anomalous cyclonic circulation. Furthermore, the skill of current dynamic models in simulating the SWM on the subseasonal time scale was evaluated by using the ECMWF (European center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) reforecast data from S2S (the Subseasonal to Seasonal Prediction project). In general, the model is more skillful in predicting the monsoonal wind index than the monsoonal rainfall index, with the skill for the former being beyond 30 days and the latter about two weeks. The forecast skills exhibit prominent interannual differences for both indices. It is suggested that a correct simulation of the large-scale circulation response to tropical convection is crucial for the subseasonal prediction of monsoonal rainfall over Sri Lanka.

Metallic lithium (Li) has been acclaimed as the most promising anode materials for lithium batteries due to its ultrahigh theoretical capacity of 3860 mA h g−1. Its practical application is impeded, however, due to the notorious problems related to dendrite growth caused by its uneven current density distribution and high Li nucleation overpotential. Here, we report a three-dimensional (3D) lithiophobic phase (Cu) and lithiophilic phase (Zn or Sn) composite architecture realized through a facile electrochemical co-deposition technology and its use as a scaffold for dendrite-free Li metal anode. It is found that the simultaneous formation of this lithiophobic-lithiophilic composite on Cu foam leads to ultrafine lithiophilic phase (20 nm) and reduced Li nucleation overpotential, as well as enhanced homogeneity, which enables a uniform electric field distribution during lithium plating/stripping, thus facilitating even and dendrite-free Li deposition. In the meanwhile, the lithiophobic component in the composite acts as a strong backbone, helping to maintain structural stability during lithium storage. Also, the as-prepared three-dimensional micro/nanoporous scaffold with large surface area can effectively reduce the local current density and suppress Li dendrite growth. The full cells with the composite architecture/Li as anode and LiFePO4as cathode show promising electrochemical performance with over 80% capacity retention over 1600 cycles at 5 C. This work broadens the horizon of lithiophilic hosts for next-generation high-performance Li metal batteries.

“Zero-strain” NiNb2O6fibers with nanosized primary particles are explored as an all-climate anode material with comprehensively good Li+-storage properties.The almost completely opposite volume changes of electrochemical inactive NiO6octahedra and active NbO6octahedra are achieved through reversible O movement, leading to the “zero-strain” behavior of NiNb2O6with minor unit-cell-volume change and excellent cyclability in a broad temperature range.The gained insight can provide guide for the exploration of high-performance energy-storage materials working at harsh temperatures.