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The chiral recognition and separation of enantiomers are of great importance for biological research and the pharmaceutical industry. Preparing homochiral materials with adjustable size and chiral binding sites is beneficial for achieving an efficient chiral recognition performance. Here, a homochiral covalent organic framework membrane modified with β-cyclodextrin (CD-COF) was constructed, which was subsequently utilized as an electrochemical sensor for the enantioselective sensing of tryptophan (Trp) molecules. The preferential adsorption of l-Trp over d-Trp at the β-CD sites can enhance the surface charge density and hydrophilicity of the CD-COF membrane, resulting in an increased transmembrane ionic current. Trp enantiomers with concentrations down to 0.28 nM can be effectively discriminated. The l-/d-Trp recognition selectivity increases with the Trp concentration and reaches a value of 19.2 at 1 mM. The selective adsorption of l-Trp to the CD-COF membrane will also hinder its transport, resulting in a l-/d-Trp permeation selectivity of 15.3. This study offers a new strategy to construct homochiral porous membranes and achieve efficient chiral sensing and separation.

ABSTRACTThe study of myxomycete biogeography has a long-standing history and has consistently drawn scholarly interest. Nevertheless, studies focusing specifically on the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of myxomycete diversity are relatively limited, with even fewer investigating the mechanisms driving the generation and maintenance of myxomycete diversity. Therefore, this study selected two geographically distant sampling sites within northern Chinese forests to investigate myxomycete species composition, community structure, environmental drivers, and assembly patterns under geographic barriers. We established plots in the Altai Mountains (ALE) and the Greater Khingan Mountains (GKM), gathered bark and litter, and conducted 80-day moist chamber cultures of myxomycetes. Additionally, myxomycete specimens were collected in the field simultaneously to supplement the data set. This study collected 541 myxomycete specimens belonging to 73 species from 28 genera, spanning 12 families and eight orders. The ALE and the GKM had 20 identical species, accounting for 27% of the total species. Myxomycetes from both regions exhibited abundant occurrence 18 days after cultivation, with the quantity on bark substrates notably higher than on litter. Arcyria pomiformisand Comatricha eleganswere the most common species in moist chamber cultures. Mantel test outcomes revealed that environmental factors had no significant impact on myxomycete community similarity between the two areas, aligning with findings from the neutral community model analysis, indicating a predominant influence of stochastic processes on myxomycete community structure in moist chamber cultures. This study represents the first application of a quantitative framework to analyze myxomycete community assembly cultivated in moist chambers.

Vanadium-supported TiO2is one of the most widely used catalysts. In previous reports, most researchers focused on the performance of a formed catalyst and almost no work was devoted to understanding the activation process from a precursor to a catalyst. In this work, differential scanning calorimetry was used to calculate the enthalpy change (ΔH, kJ·mol–1) during the transition from a precursor to a catalyst. When the V-loading amount was increased from 0.1 to 5 wt %, more polymeric V were formed and ΔHof V-supported anatase was decreased from 10.13 to 4.13 kJ·mol–1. At the same loading amount of 1 wt %, anatase showed a higher ΔHvalue of 8.71 kJ·mol–1than rutile and brookite. When the ratio of the {001} facet was increased in the anatase, ΔHwas increased to 9.65 kJ·mol–1. A theoretical calculation proved that V embedding into {001} facet resulted in a bigger energy difference in comparison to {101} and {100} facets. A bigger ΔHstood for forming a more active V species during catalyst preparation, which further stood for a higher turnover frequency (TOF, s–1) during the catalysis. The anatase with the biggest ratio of the {001} facet resulted in the biggest ΔHas well as the largest TOF. These results help to understand the interaction between loaded active species and catalyst support, which is in favor of designing an effective catalyst.

Antiferroelectric materials have shown great potential in electronic devices benefiting from the reversible phase transition between ferroelectric and antiferroelectric phases. Understanding the dipole arrangements and clear phase transition pathways is crucial for design of antiferroelectric materials-based energy storage and conversion devices. However, the specific phase transition details remain largely unclear and even controversial to date. Here, we have grown a series of PbZrO3on SrTiO3substrates and elucidated the fine atom structures and phase transition pathways using atomic-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Specifically, a roadmap for ferroelectric to antiferroelectric phase transitions, here with increasing film thickness, is determined as ferroelectric rhombohedral (R3c)–ferroelectric monoclinic (Pc)–ferrielectric orthorhombic (Ima2)–antiferroelectric orthorhombic (Pbam), where Pcand Ima2 phases act as structural bridges. Moreover, the phase transition pathway is strongly related to the synergistic effect of oxygen octahedral tilting and cation displacement. These findings provide an insightful understanding for the theories and related properties of antiferroelectrics.

An electricity and mechanics dual-tunable salt gel electrolyte is successfully designed. The salt gel-based supercapacitor is expected to be used in overheating alarm systems and provide new ideas for the development of energy storage equipment.

The Medium-Resolution Spectral Imager-II (MERSI-II) instrument aboard China’s Fengyun-3D satellite shares similarities with NASA’s Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor, enabling the retrieval of global aerosol optical depth (AOD). However, no officially released operational MERSI-II aerosol products currently exist over the ocean. This study focuses on adapting the MODIS dark target (DT) ocean algorithm to the MERSI-II sensor. A retrieval test is conducted on the 2019 MERSI-II data over the global ocean, and the retrieved AODs are validated against ground-based measurements from the automatic Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) and the shipborne Maritime Aerosol Network (MAN). The operational MODIS DT aerosol products are also used for comparison purposes. The results show that MERSI-II AOD granule retrievals are in good agreement with MODIS products, boasting high correlation coefficients (R) of up to 0.96 and consistent spatial distribution trends. Furthermore, the MERSI-II retrievals perform well in comparison to AERONET and MAN measurements, with high R-values (>0.86). However, the low-value retrievals from MERSI-II tend to be slightly overestimated compared to MODIS, despite both AODs displaying a positive bias. Notably, the monthly gridded AODs over the high latitudes of the northern and southern hemispheres suggest that MERSI-II exhibits greater stability in space and time, effectively reducing unrealistically high-value noise in the MODIS products. These results illustrate that the MERSI-II retrievals meet specific accuracy requirements by maintaining the algorithmic framework and most of the algorithmic assumptions, providing a crucial data supplement for aerosol studies and climate change.

Based on the structure of caerulomycin A, 90 novel bipyridine derivatives were designed and synthesized. Among these, compound B19exerted strong antitumor effects in vivo and in vitro. Importantly, NOP2/Sun RNA methyltransferase 3 (NSUN3) protein was identified as the target specific binding to B19, which inhibits oxidative phosphorylation of mitochondrial energy metabolism and enhances glycolytic activity by binding to NSUN3. Knockdown of NSUN3inhibited both proliferation and migration of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells by activating AMPK-related signaling and inhibiting downstream STAT3 signaling to exert antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects. Our findings support the use of NSUN3 inhibitors as promising therapeutic strategies against CRC.

Hydrogel-based supercapacitors are an up-and-coming candidate for safe and portable energy storage. However, it is challenging for hydrogel electrolytes to achieve high conductivity and rapid self-healing at subzero temperatures because the movements of polymer chains and the reconstruction capability of broken dynamic bonds are limited. Herein, a highly conductive proton polyacrylamide-phytic acid (PAAm-PA) hydrogel electrolyte with rapid and autonomous self-healing ability and excellent adhesion over a wide temperature range is developed. PA, as a proton donor center, endows the hydrogels with high conductivity (102.0 mS cm–1) based on the Grotthuss mechanism. PA can also prevent the crystallization of water and form multiple reversible hydrogen bonds in the polymer network, which solves the dysfunction of self-healing hydrogels in a cryogenic environment. Accordingly, the hydrogel electrolytes demonstrate fast low-temperature self-healing ability with a self-healing efficiency of 79.4% within 3 h at −20 °C. In addition, the hydrogel electrolytes present outstanding adhesiveness on electrodes due to the generation of hydrogen bonds between PA and activated carbon electrodes. As a result, the integrated hydrogel-based supercapacitors with tight bonding electrode/electrolyte interface deliver a 139.5 mF cm–2specific capacitance at 25 °C. Moreover, the supercapacitors display superb self-healing ability, achieving 92.1% of capacitance recovery after three cutting–healing cycles at −20 °C. Furthermore, the supercapacitors demonstrate only 6.4% capacitance degradation after 5000 charging–discharging cycles at −20 °C. This work provides a roadmap for designing all-in-one flexible energy storage devices with excellent self-healing ability over a wide temperature range.

The two-dimensional (2D) Janus van der Waals (vdW) materials possess ferroelectricity due to inborn out-of-plane symmetry breaking such as 2D Janus transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). Furthermore, “slidetronics” also shows us that the lateral sliding of two parallel-stacked 2D vdW layers can realize out-of-plane electric polarization. The Janus MoSSe monolayer was stacked in three modes to generate MoSSe bilayers referring to its parent MoS2, and their sliding ferroelectricity was systematically studied by using the first-principles calculations. Our calculations also reveal that vertical displacement can consume similar energies to realize out-of-plane polarizations for MoSSe bilayers. The current density–voltage curves of two-terminal MoS2/MoSSe-bilayer-based ferroelectric tunnel junctions were estimated by using the nonequilibrium Green’s function method to judge their resistance switching capability. The 2D Janus vdW materials behave excellently like their nonferroelectric parents to fabricate low-power-consumption and high-speed data-reading-and-writing ferroelectric tunnel junctions.

In order to realize the prevailing artificial intelligence technology, memristor-implemented in-memory or neuromorphic computing is highly expected to break the bottleneck of von Neumann computers. Although high-performance memristors have been vigorously developed in labs or in industry, systematic computational investigations on memristors are seldom. Hence, it is urgent to provide theoretical or computational support for the exploration of memristor operating mechanisms or the screening of memristor materials. Here, a computational method based on the main input parameters learned from the first-principles calculations was developed to measure resistance switching of two-terminal memristors with sandwiched metal/ferroelectric semiconductor/metal architectures, which strikingly agrees with the experimental measurements. Based on our developed method, the diverse multiterminal memristors were designed to fully exploit the application of interlocked ferroelectricity of a ferroelectric semiconductor and realize their heterosynaptic plasticity, and their heterosynaptic behaviors can still be well described. Our developed method can provide a paradigm for the emulation of ferroelectric memristors and inspire subsequent computational exploration. Furthermore, our study also supplies a device optimization strategy based on the interlocked ferroelectricity and easy processing of two-dimensional van der Waals ferroelectric semiconductors, and our proposed heterosynaptic memristors still await further experimental exploration.

ABSTRACTA new myxomycete species, Arcyria similaris, was reported herein. The specimens were found and collected in the field on dead bark from Jingangtai National Geopark in Henan Province of China. This species has distinct and unique morphological characteristics, including dark grayish olive sporothecae that fade to smoke gray with age, shallow saucer-shaped cups with marked reticulations and thick papillae on the inner surface, a netted capillitium with many bulges, uniformly marked with low, dense, and irregular reticulations, and spores (8.0–)9.3–10.1(–10.9) μm in diameter, marked with sparse small warts and grouped prominent warts. Apart from a comprehensive morphological study, partial sequences of the nuclear 18S rDNA and elongation factor-1 alpha (EF-1α) genes were also provided in this study. This new species was described and illustrated morphologically. The specimens are deposited in the Herbarium of Fungi of Nanjing Normal University (HFNNU).

In this paper, we are concerned with a three-dimensional non-isothermal model for the compressible nematic liquid crystal flows in a periodic domain. Under some smallness and structural assumptions imposed on the time-periodic force, we establish the existence of the time-periodic solutions to the system by using a regularized approximation scheme and the topological degree theory. We also prove a uniqueness result via energy estimates.

Inflammatory pain, the most prevalent disease globally, remains challenging to manage. Electroacupuncture emerges as an effective therapy, yet its underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. This study investigates whether adenosine 5‘-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-regulated silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) contributes to electroacupuncture’s antinociceptive effects by modulating macrophage/microglial polarization in the spinal dorsal horn of a mouse model of inflammatory pain. In this study, mice, introduced to inflammatory pain through subcutaneous injections of complete freund's adjuvant (CFA) in the plantar area, underwent electroacupuncture therapy every alternate day for 30-min sessions. The assessment of mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in these subjects was carried out using paw withdrawal frequency and paw withdrawal latency measurements, respectively. Western blot analysis measured levels of AMPK, phosphorylation-adenosine 5‘-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase, SIRT1, inducible nitric oxide synthase, cluster of differentiation 86, arginase 1, and interleukin 10. In contrast to the group treated solely with CFA, the cohort receiving both CFA and electroacupuncture demonstrated notable decreases in both thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia. This was accompanied by a marked enhancement in AMPK phosphorylation levels. AMPK knockdown reversed electroacupuncture’s analgesic effects and reduced M2 macrophage/microglial polarization enhancement. Additionally, AMPK knockdown significantly weakened electroacupuncture-induced SIRT1 upregulation, and EX-527 injection attenuated electroacupuncture’s facilitation of M2 macrophage/microglial polarization without affecting AMPK phosphorylation levels. Furthermore, combining electroacupuncture with SRT1720 enhanced the analgesic effect of SRT1720. Our findings suggest that AMPK regulation of SIRT1 plays a critical role in electroacupuncture’s antinociceptive effect through the promotion of M2 macrophage/microglial polarization.

Introduction: Patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy (VATL) often experience chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP). Postoperative pain can affect the recovery of postoperative lung function, prolong postoperative recovery time, and increase patient hospitalization expenses. Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) is an alternative therapy based on acupuncture that has shown promise in postoperative recovery and pain management across various medical fields. However, research specifically focused on the improvement of CPSP after VATL is currently lacking. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether TEAS can effectively reduce the severity and occurrence of chronic postsurgical pain in patients undergoing VATL. By investigating the potential benefits of TEAS in mitigating CPSP after VATL, this study aims to provide valuable clinical evidence to support the integration of TEAS into postoperative care protocols for patients undergoing VATL. Methods: This study is a prospective, single-center, double-blinded, randomized controlled trial to be conducted at the 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force. Eighty patients undergoing VATL will be randomly divided into an experimental group (TEAS group) and a control group (sham group). The experimental group will receive TEAS at bilateral PC6, LI4, LR3, LU5, TE5, and LI11. The control group will not receive TEAS at the same acupoints. Both groups will receive TEAS or no TEAS before anesthesia induction and 1–7 days after surgery, with each session lasting 30 min. Planned Outcomes: The primary outcome will be the incidence of CPSP at 3 months after surgery. Secondary outcomes will include the incidence of CPSP at 6 months after surgery, the numerical rating scale (NRS) scores at 3 and 6 months after surgery, as well as the NRS scores at 24, 48, and 72 h after surgery, remifentanil consumption during general anesthesia, demand for rescue analgesics, number and duration of indwelling chest tubes, incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, and changes of norepinephrine (NE), cortisol (Cor), tumor necrosis factor (TNF- α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in serum. Trial Registration: ChiCTR2300069458. Registered on March 16, 2023.

Antiferroelectric materials with an electrocaloric effect (ECE) have been developed as promising candidates for solid-state refrigeration. Despite the great advances in positive ECE, reports on negative ECE remain quite scarce because of its elusive physical mechanism. Here, a giant negative ECE (maximum ΔS∼ −33.3 J kg–1K–1with ΔT∼ −11.7 K) is demonstrated near room temperature in organometallic perovskite, iBA2EA2Pb3I10(1, where iBA = isobutylammonium and EA = ethylammonium), which is comparable to the greatest ECE effects reported so far. Moreover, the ECE efficiency ΔS/ΔE(∼1.85 J cm kg–1K–1kV–1) and ΔT/ΔE(∼0.65 K cm kV–1) are almost 2 orders of magnitude higher than those of classical inorganic ceramic ferroelectrics and organic polymers, such as BaTiO3, SrBi2Ta2O9, Hf1/2Zr1/2O2, and P(VDF-TrFE). As far as we know, this is the first report on negative ECE in organometallic hybrid perovskite ferroelectric. Our experimental measurement combined with the first-principles calculations reveals that electric field-induced antipolar to polar structural transformation results in a large change in dipolar ordering (from 6.5 to 45 μC/cm2under the ΔEof 18 kV/cm) that is closely related to the entropy change, which plays a key role in generating such giant negative ECE. This discovery of field-induced negative ECE is unprecedented in organometallic perovskite, which sheds light on the exploration of next-generation refrigeration devices with high cooling efficiency.

To address the environmental issues caused by discarded panels, this work demonstrates a novel high performance near‐infrared detachable polarizer (NIR‐POL). The adhesive used in NIR‐POL incorporated infrared‐sensitive materials and acrylic pressure sensitive adhesive modification techniques. The NIR‐POL exhibits adhesion properties and reliability that meet the panel requirements. Disassembling the 32‐inch panel takes only 2.5 minutes using the constructed automated NIR polarizer removal equipment, leaving no residue on the panel. This technology facilitates reworking, recycling, and reutilization for display green manufacturing.

Hot compression tests of low carbon (0.055C) and medium carbon (0.37C) V-microalloyed steels were carried out in the temperature of 900∼1100 C° and strain rate of 0.005∼10 s–1. The influence of carbon on thermal deformation behaviour and deformation/diffusion mechanism of V-microalloyed steel was studied by three physical constitutive models based on creep theory. It is found that the increase of carbon content has softening effect at low strain rate, but hardening effect at high strain rate. Different carbon content may lead to changes in deformation/diffusion mechanism of V-microalloyed steel. The deformation mechanism of 0.37C steel is dislocation climb, while other deformation mechanism may appear in 0.055C steel. The diffusion mechanism of 0.055C steel is mainly lattice diffusion, while that of 0.37C steel is a synergistic mechanism of lattice diffusion and grain boundary diffusion. The accuracy analysis of the models is consistent with the inferred results of deformation/diffusion mechanism.

The bottom blowing element is the key equipment to ensure the bottom blowing effect of the converter. Three types of bottom blowing elements, dispersive type (D1), double circular seam (D2) and straight cylinder type (D3), were built, and the effects of bottom blowing element type on molten bath flow, wall erosion and furnace bottom erosion were simulated. It was found that when the bottom blowing elements of dispersive type (D1) and double circular seam (D2) were used, the dead zone area in the lower part of the molten bath was smaller, and the high-speed zone area was larger; therefore, the stirring effect on the bottom melt was better. When the straight cylinder type (D3) bottom blowing element was used, the gas penetrated the molten bath at a faster rate to reach the surface of molten bath and failed to disperse in the bottom molten bath, and the wall shear stress near the nozzle outlet was larger. When argon was blown by three different bottom blowing elements, the area of the wall shear stress greater than 3 Pa was 4.8, 5.6 and 8.7 cm2, respectively, within 0.2 m of the bottom blowing nozzle outlet.

Approximately 10–15% of stage II and 25–30% of stage III colorectal cancer (CRC) patients experience recurrence within 5 years after surgery, and existing taxonomies are insufficient to meet the needs of clinical precision treatment. Thus, robust biomarkers and precise management were urgently required to stratify stage II and III CRC and identify potential patients who will benefit from postoperative adjuvant therapy. Alongside, interactions of ligand–receptor pairs point to an emerging direction in tumor signaling with far-reaching implications for CRC, while their impact on tumor subtyping has not been elucidated. Herein, based on multiple large-sample multicenter cohorts and perturbations of the ligand–receptor interaction network, four well-characterized ligand–receptor-driven subtypes (LRDS) were established and further validated. These molecular taxonomies perform with unique heterogeneity in terms of molecular characteristics, immune and mutational landscapes, and clinical features. Specifically, MEIS2, a key LRDS4 factor, performs significant associations with proliferation, invasion, migration, and dismal prognosis of stage II/III CRC, revealing promising directions for prognostic assessment and individualized treatment of CRC patients. Overall, our study sheds novel insights into the implications of intercellular communication on stage II/III CRC from a ligand–receptor interactome perspective and revealed MEIS2as a key factor in the aggressive progression and prognosis for stage II/III CRC.

The monkeypox virus (MPXV) has triggered a current outbreak globally. Genome sequencing of MPXV and rapid tracing of genetic variants will benefit disease diagnosis and control. It is a significant challenge but necessary to optimize the strategy and application of rapid full-length genome identification and to track variations of MPXV in clinical specimens with low viral loads, as it is one of the DNA viruses with the largest genome and the most AT-biased, and has a significant number of tandem repeats. Here we evaluated the performance of metagenomic and amplicon sequencing techniques, and three sequencing platforms in MPXV genome sequencing based on multiple clinical specimens of five mpox cases in Chinese mainland. We rapidly identified the full-length genome of MPXV with the assembly of accurate tandem repeats in multiple clinical specimens. Amplicon sequencing enables cost-effective and rapid sequencing of clinical specimens to obtain high-quality MPXV genomes. Third-generation sequencing facilitates the assembly of the terminal tandem repeat regions in the monkeypox virus genome and corrects a common misassembly in published sequences. Besides, several intra-host single nucleotide variations were identified in the first imported mpox case. This study offers an evaluation of various strategies aimed at identifying the complete genome of MPXV in clinical specimens. The findings of this study will significantly enhance the surveillance of MPXV.

The present research examined whether Mandarin‐speaking children could use function words to learn novel verbs and recognize verbs in a new sentential context. In Experiment 1, 3‐ to 6‐year‐old children were taught two novel verbs supported by the verb marker “zài.” The 5‐ and 6‐year‐old children successfully used the function word “zài” to learn novel verbs, but the 3‐ and 4‐year‐olds failed to interpret the novel words as verbs. In Experiment 2 and 3, the children had to recognize the newly learned verbs in new sentences containing a different function word (a different verb‐biased marker “le” or a non‐verb‐biased marker “shì”). Results showed that the 5‐year‐old children could recognize the newly learned verbs with another verb‐biased marker “le,” but only the 6‐year‐old children could recognize the newly learned verbs with the non‐verb‐biased marker “shì.” The study verified that Mandarin‐speaking children could use the function word “zài” to determine a novel word as a verb and revealed that such an ability appeared between the ages of 4 and 5 years. In addition, the ability to extend a newly learned verb across different morphosyntactic markers is developed in 5‐ to 6‐year‐olds.

Long-term storage Baijiu has an appealing sensory property, yet the chemical makeup is rarely reported. This study investigated a 30-year-old Jiangxiangxing (JXX) Baijiu and recognized and measured 69 aroma compounds. 3-Methyl-2,4-nonanedione (2.76 μg/L), 2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3(2H)-furanone (HDMF, 46.2 μg/L), 2-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3(2H)-furanone (HEMF, 61.7 μg/L), and piperitone (3.66 μg/L) were detected for the first time in Baijiu. Compared with 3-year-old JXX Baijiu, 24 compounds were significantly higher in the 30-year-old, mainly including furans, pyrazines, and aromatics. Notably, 4,5-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (sotolon), HDMF, HEMF, vanillin, acetovanillone, and alkyl pyrazines in 30-year-old JXX Baijiu were 2–7 times higher than those of a 3-year-old, and they increased steadily during aging for 3, 15, and 30 years, assumed to be associated with the aging aroma. Following 24 months of storing JXX Baijiu under different conditions, the pottery significantly promoted the synthesis of sotolon, HDMF, HEMF, and alkyl pyrazines. These findings suggest that pottery is a potential catalyst for enhancing aged Baijiu.

Silicon is widely known for its ability to improve soil texture, suppress pathogenic microbial abundance and promote plant growth. The application of nano materials in agricultural production is becoming more and more extensive. In order to study the effect of application of nano silicon fertilizer on nutrients, enzyme activities and microorganisms of soil, four treatments were set: control (CK, compound fertilizer), treatment 1 (T1, compound fertilizer + 0.9 kg ha−1nano silicon), treatment 2 (T2, compound fertilizer + 1.8 kg ha−1nano silicon), treatment 3 (T3, compound fertilizer + 2.7 kg ha−1nano silicon). The results showed that alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and available silicon in the soil treated with nano silicon fertilizer were significantly higher than that of CK. And the soil enzyme activity of the treatments with nano silicon fertilizer were significantly higher than that of CK. In addition, the application of nano silicon fertilizer also increased the richness, evenness and diversity of soil bacterial community in wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) field. In the wheat harvest period, the Chao1 index, Shannon index and Pielou's evenness index were significantly higher in T2 than in CK by 23.47%, 4.91% and 3.28% 23.47%, respectively. The relative abundance of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in T2 was significantly higher than in CK, with a difference of 10.69%. In conclusion, the application of nano silicon fertilizer is important for improving soil nutrients, enhancing soil enzyme activities and improving microbial diversity.

White light-emitting low-dimensional organic-inorganic hybrid lead halide perovskite materials have been considered as candidates for next generation of light sources because of the potential in daily lighting acting as white light emitters or phosphors. However, due to the instability of perovskite materials in water, the underwater application scenario has not been well developed. In this work, we report a method employing an ultraviolet (UV)-polymerizable acrylic monomer to wrap a low dimensional white light emitting perovskite single crystal ([DMEDA]PbBr4) powders in the polymer matrix. We investigate the exciton dynamics in this composite material by transient absorption spectra. More importantly, white light-emitting devices (WLEDs) are manufactured employing this composite material as phosphor excited by UV-LED. Thanks to the protection of the polymer matrix, the stability against the water of this WLED is very good allowing the devices to work underwater for many days. This strategy in this work illustrates a facile way for the application of white light emitting low dimensional perovskite single crystals in WLEDs.

Background: Ankle sprain causes proprioceptor injuries and prolonged joint deafferentation, which might lead to maladaptive neuroplasticity in patients with chronic ankle instability (CAI), especially in the cerebellum. Previous studies have indicated the impairment of superior cerebellar peduncle (SCP), but the inferior cerebellar peduncle (ICP) and middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP) have not been fully analyzed.Hypothesis: The cerebellar peduncles of participants with CAI would have altered fractional anisotropy (FA) and orientation dispersion index (ODI) in comparison with healthy controls without ankle injury history. In addition, FA and ODI would be correlated with the duration or severity of the sensorimotor deficits in CAI.Study Design: Cross-sectional study.Level of Evidence: Level 3.Methods: A group of 27 participants with CAI and 26 healthy controls underwent diffusion-weighted imaging scanning, with the cerebellar peduncles as the regions of interest. The measures obtained by single-shell diffusion tensor imaging and the multishell neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging were used. Correlation analyses were performed to examine the potential relationship between the FA/ODI and both the normalized Y-balance scores and the durations of ankle instability.Results: The ipsilateral ICP of the injured ankle in participants with CAI showed significantly lower FA (Cohen d95% CI, –1.33 to -0.21; P= 0.04) and marginally significant higher ODI (Cohen d95% CI, 0.10 to 1.20, P= 0.08) when compared with the same measures in the control group, with the ODI being positively correlated with the duration of ankle instability (r= 0.42, P= 0.03).Conclusion: The ICP in participants with CAI exhibited impaired integrity and a trend of abnormally organized neurites in comparison with a healthy control group.Clinical Relevance: The impairments of ICP might be an ongoing part of the pathological process of CAI, having the potential to become a target for the diagnostic evaluation of this clinical entity.

Graphical abstract:

Cameras are essential vision instruments to capture images for pattern detection and measurement. Human–object interaction (HOI) detection is one of the most popular pattern detection approaches for captured human-centric visual scenes. Recently, Transformer-based models have become the dominant approach for HOI detection due to their advanced network architectures and, thus, promising results. However, most of them follow the one-stage design of vanilla Transformer, leaving rich geometric priors underexploited and leading to compromised performance, especially when occlusion occurs. Given that geometric features tend to outperform visual ones in occluded scenarios and offer information that complements visual cues, we propose a novel end-to-end Transformer-style HOI detection model, i.e., geometric features enhanced HOI detector (GeoHOI). One key part of the model is a new unified self-supervised keypoint learning method named UniPointNet that bridges the gap of consistent keypoint representation across diverse object categories, including humans. GeoHOI effectively upgrades a Transformer-based HOI detector benefiting from the keypoints similarities measuring the likelihood of HOIs and local keypoint patches to enhance interaction query representation, so as to boost HOI predictions. Extensive experiments show that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art models on V-COCO and achieves competitive performance on HICO-DET. Case study results on the postdisaster rescue with vision-based instruments showcase the applicability of the proposed GeoHOI in real-world applications.

In the intricate urban road scenarios, the algorithm for vehicle speed measurement based on image sensors encounters challenges of low precision. Often, a confluence of video and radar solutions is employed, impeding large-scale applications in the engineering domain. By amalgamating deep learning algorithms and camera imaging principle, a speed measurement algorithm was crafted that integrates scene and object features. Initially, the YOLOv5s object detection model was employed and refined the model’s backbone and loss function to elevate the precision of vehicle detection. Subsequently, in conjunction with the recurrent all-pairs field transforms (RAFT) algorithm and camera imaging principle, the geometric relationship between road scenes and images was established, deriving vehicle speed based on the coordinates of vehicle’s feature points. Furthermore, a vehicle dataset was curated to train and assess the improved YOLOv5s model. Finally, employing an experimental vehicle traversed the designated video detection section at five constant speeds, to validate the efficacy of the speed measurement algorithm. The experimental results illustrate that, in comparison to the original model on the self-established dataset, the improved YOLOv5s demonstrates the enhancements of 1.7% and 1.4% in mAP@0.5 and mAP@0.5:0.95, respectively. The mean absolute error and the root-mean-square error for all speed measurement values are 1.95 and 2.38 km/h, respectively. In summary, this algorithm is applicable to vehicle speed measurement tasks in complex traffic environments, showcasing better precision.

A multiscale simulation platform is established to reveal the underlying mechanism between the Zn surface and adsorbed molecules. Three additional descriptors for predicting adsorption strength could further guide and design better surface protective molecules.

ABBV-167, a phosphate prodrug of BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax, was recently progressed into the clinic as an alternative means of reducing pill burden for patients in high-dose indications. The dramatically enhanced aqueous solubility of ABBV-167 allowed for high drug loading within a crystalline tablet and, when administered in phase I clinical study, conferred venetoclax exposure commensurate with the equivalent dose administered as an amorphous solid dispersion. In enabling the progression into the clinic, we performed a comprehensive evaluation of the CMC development aspects of this beyond the rule of five (bRo5) prodrug. Adding a phosphate moiety resulted in excessively complex chemical speciation and solid form landscapes with significant physical-chemical stability liabilities. A combination of experimental and computational methods including microelectron diffraction (MicroED), total scattering, tablet colorimetry, finite element, and molecular dynamics modeling were used to understand CMC developability across drug substance and product manufacture and storage. The prodrug’s chemical structural characteristics and loose crystal packing were found to be responsible for the loss of crystallinity during its manufacturing, which in turn led to high solid-state chemical reactivity and poor shelf life stability. The ABBV-167 case exemplifies key CMC development challenges for complex chemical matter such as bRo5 phosphate prodrugs with significant ramifications during drug substance and drug product manufacturing and storage.

Fusarium graminearumis an important plant pathogenic fungus that causes disease and yield reduction in many cereal crops, such as wheat and barley. Gyp8 stimulates GTP hydrolysis on Ypt1 in yeast. However, the functions of Gyp8 in plant pathogenic fungi are still unknown. In this study, we investigated the roles of FgGyp8 in F. graminearumby genetic and pathological analyses. Through gene knockout and phenotypic analyses, we found that FgGyp8 is required for vegetative growth in F. graminearum. The conidiation, conidial size and number of septa per conidium of ΔFggyp8mutant are significantly reduced when compared to the wild type PH-1. Furthermore, FgGyp8 is crucial for pathogenicity on wheat coleoptiles and wheat heads. FgGyp8 contains a conserved TBC domain. Domain deletion analysis showed that the TBC domain, C- and N-terminal regions of FgGyp8 are all important for its biological functions in F. graminearum. Moreover, we showed that FgGyp8 catalyzes the hydrolysis of the GTP on FgRab1 to GDP in vitro, indicating that FgGyp8 is a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for FgRab1. In addition, we demonstrated that FgGyp8 is required for FgSnc1-mediated fusion of secretory vesicles with the plasma membrane in F. graminearum. Finally, we showed that FgGyp8 has functional redundancy with another FgRab1 GAP, FgGyp1, in F. graminearum. Taken together, we conclude that FgGyp8 is required for vegetative growth, conidiogenesis, pathogenicity and acts as a GAP for FgRab1 in F. graminearum.

The assembly of artificial nano- or microstructured materials with tunable functionalities and structures, mimicking nature’s complexity, holds great potential for numerous novel applications. Despite remarkable progress in synthesizing colloidal molecules with diverse functionalities, most current methods, such as the capillarity-assisted particle assembly method, the ionic assembly method based on ionic interactions, or the field-directed assembly strategy based on dipole–dipole interactions, are confined to focusing on achieving symmetrical molecules. But there have been few examples of fabricating asymmetrical colloidal molecules that could exhibit unprecedented optical properties. Here, we introduce a microfluidic and magnetic template-assisted self-assembly protocol that relies mainly on the magnetic dipole–dipole interactions between magnetized magnetic–plasmonic nanoparticles and the mechanical constraints resulting from the specially designed traps. This novel strategy not only requires no specific chemistry but also enables magnetophoretic control of magnetic–plasmonic nanoparticles during the assembly process. Moreover, the assembled asymmetrical colloidal molecules also exhibit interesting hybridized plasmon modes and produce exotic optical properties due to the strong coupling of the individual nanoparticle. The ability to fabricate asymmetrical colloidal molecules based on the bottom-up method opens up a new direction for the fabrication of novel microscale structures for biosensing, patterning, and delivery applications.

A new species of Clavulinopsis was collected from southern China, was identified as Clavulinopsis albescens based on morphological and molecular evidence. This fungus is mainly characterized by sulphur yellow to pale lemon yellow and unbranched basidiomata, basidia with four sterigmata, smooth and globose to subglobose spores, abundant clamp connections. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Clavulinopsis albescens and related species was carried out based on the sequences of ITS and nrLSU. The combination of morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis confirmed that Clavulinopsis albescens as a new species in Clavulinopsis.

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Human corneal endothelial cells (HCECs) play a significant role in maintaining visual function. However, these cells are notorious for their limited proliferative capacity in vivo. Current treatment of corneal endothelial dysfunction resorts to corneal transplantation. Herein we describe an ex vivoengineering method to manufacture HCEC grafts suitable for transplantation through reprogramming into neural crest progenitors.

Developing a photosensitizer with high efficiency and long-term stability for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution is highly desirable yet remains a challenge. Herein, a novel Ir(III) complex-based photosensitizer (Ir3) bearing coumarin and triphenylamine groups is designed. Ir3exhibits record activity and durability among reported transition metal complexes for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, with a TON of 198,363 and a duration of 214 h. The excellent photocatalytic performance of Ir3can be attributed to the synergistic effect of coumarin and triphenylamine, which improves the visible light absorption, charge separation, and electron transfer capacity of photosensitizers. This is an efficient and long-lived Ir(III) photosensitizer constructed on the basis of a synergistic approach, which could provide a new insight for the development of high-performance Ir(III) photosensitizers at the molecular level.

Orlistat, an FDA-approved fatty acid inhibitor for obesity treatment, demonstrates certain low and greatly varied anticancer abilities. In a previous study, we revealed a synergistic effect between orlistat and dopamine in cancer treatment. Here, orlistat-dopamine conjugates (ODCs) with defined chemical structures were synthesized. The ODC by design underwent polymerization and self-assembly in the presence of oxygen to form nano-sized particles (Nano-ODCs) spontaneously. The resulted Nano-ODCs of partial crystalline structures demonstrated good water dispersion to form stable Nano-ODC suspensions. Because of the bioadhesive property of the catechol moieties, once administered, Nano-ODCs were quickly accumulated on cell surfaces and efficiently uptaken by cancer cells. In the cytoplasm, Nano-ODC experienced biphasic dissolution followed by spontaneous hydrolysis to release intact orlistat and dopamine. Besides elevated levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), the co-localized dopamine also induced mitochondrial dysfunctions through monoamine oxidases (MAOs)-catalyzed dopamine oxidation. The strong synergistic effects between orlistat and dopamine determined a good cytotoxicity activity and a unique cell lysis mechanism, explaining the distinguished activity of Nano-ODC to drug-sensitive and -resistant cancer cells. This new technology-enabled orlistat repurposing will contribute to overcoming drug resistance and the improvement of cancer chemotherapy.

There is unclearly epidemiological evidence regarding relations of phthalates (PAEs) with children’s blood pressure (BP) and its potential mechanism. We designed a panel study with up to 3 repeated visits over 3 seasons. Total of 103 children aged 4–13 years were available with 287 measurements of urinary PAEs metabolites (mPAEs), BP and serum cytokines. We evaluated associations of mPAEs, either as individual or as mixture, with systolic/diastolic BP (SBP/DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and hypertension, and in which the role of serum cytokines played. After multiple comparisons, positive associations of mono-iso-butyl phthalate with SBP, mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP) with DBP, MEP with MAP were the most robust (P-FDR< 0.05), while a marginal relation of MECPP and hypertension was also observed (P-FDR= 0.07). Such relationships showed in a dose–response manner and were stronger in children with dyslipidemia. Meanwhile, weighted quantile sum regression analyses indicated the associations of mPAEs mixture with DBP and MAP elevation, which were dominated by MEP, MECPP and mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP). Furthermore, BP-related mPAEs were positively linked with multiple cytokines, however, only PDGF, IL-16 respectively mediated 7.76% and 12.23% in MEP-related MAP elevation. Accordingly, urinary PAEs were dose-responsive related to elevated BP and risk of hypertension with the highest weight in MEP, MECPP and MEHHP, in which PDGF, IL-16 might be partly involved among children.