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Insulator defects in transmission lines can threaten the safe and stable operation of the power system. Therefore, insulator defect detection plays a crucial role in the electricity sector. Currently, the you only look once (YOLO) algorithm is widely used in insulator fault detection. However, insulator defect detection using YOLO still faces the double challenges of detection precision and real-time performance. Therefore, we construct a lightweight model for insulator defect detection named coordinate attention mechanism (CAM) and feature channel shuffle operation (CSO) YOLO (CACS-YOLO). By introducing the CAM and CSO in the original YOLOv8m, we improve the detection precision and reduce the parameters of the model, compared with existing insulator defect detection models. Meanwhile, in order to solve the problem of insufficient data and cope with different weather conditions, we use synthetic weather algorithms for data enhancement and construct a synthetic foggy and rainy insulator dataset (SFRID). The experimental results show that the mean average precision (mAP) of CACS-YOLO is 96.9%, and the parameters of the proposed model are 27.44 M. These outcomes show the high-precision and lightweight of our proposed model in insulator defect detection. The source code and dataset are available on GitHub.

Measurement of muscle mass is important in the diagnosis of sarcopenia. Current measurement equipment are neither cost‐effective nor standardized and cannot be used in a variety of medical settings. Some simple measurement tools have been proposed that are subjective and unvalidated. We aimed to develop and validate a new estimation equation in a more objective and standardized way, based on current proven variables that accurately reflect muscle mass. Cross‐sectional analysis with The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database for equation development and validation. Overall, 9875 participants were included for development (6913 participants) and validation (2962 participants), for whom the database included demographic data, physical measurements, and main biochemical indicators. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) was estimated by dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) and low muscle mass was defined by reference to five international diagnostic criteria. Linear regression was used to estimate the logarithm of the actual ASM from demographic data, physical measurements, and biochemical indicators. This study of 9875 participants comprised 4492 females (49.0%), with a weighted mean (SE) age of 41.83 (0.36) years and range of 12 to 85 years. The estimated ASM equations performed well in the validation data set. The variability in estimated ASM was low compared with the actual ASM (R2: Equation 1 = 0.91, Equation 4 = 0.89), with low bias (median difference: Equation 1 = −0.64, Equation 4 = 0.07; root mean square error: Equation 1 = 1.70 [1.69–1.70], Equation 4 = 1.85 [1.84–1.86]), high precision (interquartile range of the differences: Equation 1 = 1.87, Equation 4 = 2.17), and high efficacy in diagnosing low muscle mass (area under the curve: Equation 1 = 0.91 to 0.95, Equation 4 = 0.90 to 0.94). The estimated ASM equations are accurate and simple and can be routinely applied clinically to estimate ASM and thus assess sarcopenia.

The development of narrow-bandgap photocatalysts for one-step-excitation overall water splitting (OWS) remains a critical challenge in the field of solar hydrogen production. SrTaO2N is a photocatalytic material having a band structure suitable for OWS under visible light (λ ≤ 600 nm). However, the presence of defects in the oxynitride and the lack of cocatalysts to promote simultaneous hydrogen and oxygen evolution make it challenging to realize OWS using this material. The present work demonstrates a SrTaO2N-based particulate photocatalyst for OWS. This photocatalyst, which was composed of single crystals, was obtained by nitriding SrCl2and Ta2O5together with NaOH, with the latter added to control the formation of defects. The subsequent loading of bimetallic RuIrOxnanoparticles accelerated charge separation and allowed the SrTaO2N photocatalyst to exhibit superior OWS activity. This research presenting the strategies of controlling the oxygen sources and promoting the cocatalyst function is expected to expand the range of potential OWS-active oxynitride photocatalysts and permit the design of efficient cocatalysts for photocatalytic OWS.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of aggressive hydration compared with general hydration for contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) prevention among patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI).MethodsThe Aggressive hydraTion in patients with STEMI undergoing pPCI to prevenT Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury study is an open-label, randomised controlled study at 15 teaching hospitals in China. A total of 560 adult patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive aggressive hydration or general hydration treatment. Aggressive hydration group received preprocedural loading dose of 125/250 mL normal saline within 30 min, followed by postprocedural hydration performed for 4 hours under left ventricular end-diastolic pressure guidance and additional hydration until 24 hours after pPCI. General hydration group received ≤500 mL 0.9% saline at 1 mL/kg/hour for 6 hours after randomisation. The primary end point is CI-AKI, defined as a >25% or 0.5 mg/dL increased in serum creatinine from baseline during the first 48–72 hours after primary angioplasty. The safety end point is acute heart failure.ResultsFrom July 2014 to May 2018, 469 patients were enrolled in the final analysis. CI-AKI occurred less frequently in aggressive hydration group than in general hydration group (21.8% vs 31.1%; risk ratio (RR) 0.70, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.96). Acute heart failure did not significantly differ between the aggressive hydration group and the general hydration group (8.1% vs 6.4%, RR 1.13, 95% CI 0.66 to 2.44). Several subgroup analysis showed the better effect of aggressive hydration in CI-AKI prevention in male, renal insufficient and non-anterior myocardial infarction participants.ConclusionsComparing with general hydration, the peri-operative aggressive hydration seems to be safe and effective in preventing CI-AKI among patients with STEMI undergoing pPCI.

Visible light-induced photocatalytic CO2reduction reaction (CO2RR) is a feasible and promising option to tackle the greenhouse effect and energy crisis. Herein, two ferric porphyrin-based porous organic polymer semiconductors, hereafter referred to as POPn-Fe (porous organic polymers, n= 1 or 2, corresponding to a benzene/biphenyl unit as a linker between porphyrin units), are synthesized for the visible light-driven CO2RR to produce syngas. The CO/H2evolution rates for POP2-Fe under irradiation >420 nm are found to successfully reach up to 3043 and 3753 μmol g–1h–1, respectively. Interestingly, the experiment results imply that the ferric porphyrin site could be responsible for CO evolution and the uncoordinated porphyrin unit in POPnor POPn-Fe semiconductors may be obligate for H2formation. Furthermore, as evidenced by Mott–Schottky plots, the extended π-conjugation with the biphenyl linker makes POP2-Fe a lower conduction band potential, which helps the ferric porphyrin sites capture electrons from the photosensitizer, thus producing more CO to realize selectivity control. Also, the efficient catalytic activity of POP2-Fe is presumably attributed to the accelerated charge transfer as well as facilitates photogenerated electron and hole separation. This work offers an elegant strategy to design and optimize earth-abundant metal visible light photocatalysis for CO2reduction to syngas with CO/H2ratio control.

Photocatalytic CO2reduction reaction (CO2RR) is one of the promising strategies for sustainably producing solar fuels. The precise identification of catalytic sites and the enhancement of photocatalytic CO2conversion is imperative yet quite challenging. This critical review summarizes recent advances in porous photo-responsive polymers, including COFs (covalent organic frameworks), CTFs (covalent triazine frameworks), and CMPs (conjugated microporous polymers), those can be rationally designed from the molecular level for visible-light-driven photocatalytic CO2reduction. Additionally, special emphasis is placed on how the well-defined active sites on these polymers can influence their properties and photocatalytic performance. The precise regulation and control of microenvironments and electronic properties of metal active centers are crucial for boosting catalytic efficiency and selectivity, as well as for the design of better photocatalysts for CO2reduction.

A strategy to prepare liquid anion-functionalized pillar[5]arene by incorporating a large asymmetrical cation on the rims was proposed. This kind of pillar[5]arene-based ionic liquid showed high thermal stability, good CO2absorption capacity, and excellent reversibility. In contrast with the neutral pillar[5]arene and the noncyclic monomeric analogue, pillar[5]arene-based ionic liquid exhibited significantly enhanced CO2absorption capacity. Through a combination of absorption experiments, spectroscopic investigations, and quantum chemical calculations, the results indicated that the increased capacity originated from multiple-site interactions between CO2and the carboxylic anion, which was enhanced by the cavity of pillar[5]arene. This work provided an efficient methodology for preparing a liquid macrocyclic host as well as improving gas absorption.

A new Co(III) salen betaine functional catalyst is reported which displays high activity and high selectivity for the copolymerization reaction of oxirane and carbon dioxide. Importantly, this catalyst system is not only effective for propylene oxide and CO2but also efficient for more difficult epoxides to selectively provide copolymers. For example, styrene oxide and 2-vinyloxirane are readily coupled with CO2to provide the corresponding completely alternating copolymers. This catalyst system is thereby able in several instances to avoid the use of tediously prepared bifunctional Co(III) salen catalysts. Through a combination of control experiments, MALDI-TOF measurements, and DFT computations, the addition of a cocatalyst is shown to play a significant role in this process.

Objectives To examine retrospectively the relationship between acute kidney injury (AKI) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and the association between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at admission and AKI outcome.Methods AKI was defined as an increase in serum creatinine (SCr) by ≥0.3 mg/dl within 48 h or an increase in SCr to ≥1.5 times baseline within the first 7 days of hospitalization. Patients with AMI were divided into subgroups according to their eGFR at admission and the development of AKI.Results This study enrolled 396 patients with AMI; 48 (12.1%) developed AKI. In-hospital mortality was 39.6% (19/48) for patients with AKI compared with 7.5% (26/348) in those without AKI (odds ratio [OR] 8.11; 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.02, 16.39). The mortality rate was 35.7% (five of 14) in the eGFR ≥ 60 ml/min/1.73m2with AKI group (OR 6.21, 95% CI 1.50, 25.69) and 41.2% (14/34) in the eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73m2with AKI group (OR 12.62, 95% CI 5.54, 28.74).Conclusions AKI development was common and associated with mortality in AMI patients with either preserved or impaired eGFR levels.

1,6-Dipolar cycloadditions represent a valuable strategy for the rapid construction of medium-sized rings. Herein, we describe the concept for the design of 1,6-dipoles that bypasses the regioselectivity. Through the introduction of an amino group into Morita–Baylis–Hillman (MBH) carbonates, unprecedented [6 + 2] dipolar cycloadditions were accurately developed with Cs2CO3, efficiently delivering a series of benzodiazocines in mild conditions. Computational studies bring a deeper understanding of this reaction.

An efficient method for prediction in the capture of SO2from flue gas by imidazolium ionic liquids was reported, where the concentration of SO2is 2000 ppm. On the basis of quantitative calculations through a combination of Langmuir simulation, theoretical calculation and quantum chemical method, SO2absorption and desorption performance from flue gas by twelve kinds of imidazolium ionic liquids with different anions were designed and predicted. Then, among them, five kinds of imidazolium ionic liquids were chosen and prepared to investigate their behavior of SO2absorption capacity, desorption residue, and available absorption capacity. The results indicated that the experimental values were in good agreement with the predicted values. Thus, an ideal ionic liquid [Emim][Tetz] was obtained through the predictive method for the capture of SO2of 2000 ppm, which showed high available absorption capacity of 0.24 g SO2per g ionic liquid and excellent reversibility.