Search

The article explores the potential of innovations in immunoassay (IA) in diagnostic medicine. Cited are the paradigm shifts in IA such as the invention of monoclonal antibodies, recent advancements in IA, including chemiluminescence, and advancements in the field of antibody discovery and engineering.

The article from AIDS Weekly discusses research conducted at Qatar University evaluating the Mindray CL900i CLIA HIV Ag/Ab combo assay for HIV screening. The study compared this new assay to established methods and found it to have high sensitivity and a very low false-positive rate, making it a cost-effective alternative for HIV screening. The research was supported by the Qatar National Research Fund and Qatar University, and the findings were published in Scientific Reports. For more information, readers can contact Gheyath K. Nasrallah at Qatar University. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University conducted a study on the vitamin D status among residents of various regions in the Russian Federation between 2012 and 2017. The study found a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency across all age groups, with levels varying by season but not significantly impacted by geographic factors. The research also established a weak positive correlation between age and parathyroid hormone levels, emphasizing the need for adequate correction of low vitamin D concentrations, especially in the elderly population. [Extracted from the article]

A patent application for a chemiluminescence microfluidic immunoassay device has been filed by inventors from the US. The device aims to detect target analytes in biological and environmental samples with high sensitivity and low cost. It utilizes capillary-driven flow to deliver reagents to a detection area, where a chemiluminescent signal is emitted upon reaction, providing quantitative data. The device includes a microfluidic network, dried reagents, and a chemiluminescent substrate, offering a more sensitive alternative to traditional immunoassay systems. [Extracted from the article]

Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Inc. has been issued a patent for compositions, kits, and methods for multiplex assays to correct for biotin interference in target analyte measurements. Biotin is commonly used in diagnostic assays but can interfere with assay signals. The patent describes a method for detecting and quantifying biotin and target analytes in a sample, using singlet oxygen-activatable chemiluminescent compounds and fluorescent molecules. This method allows for the correction of biotin interference in target analyte measurements. [Extracted from the article]

A new study conducted at Sichuan University in China has evaluated the performance of a new chemiluminescence assay, called the Anti-TP-II assay, for the detection of Treponema pallidum (TP) infection. The study compared the new assay with the previous generation of reagents, the Anti-TP assay, using a large number of clinical samples. The results showed that the Anti-TP-II assay had excellent precision, accuracy, anti-interference ability, sensitivity, and specificity. It significantly reduced the number of borderline samples and the false positive rate, making it a good screening test for high-throughput laboratories. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by the University of Colombo in Sri Lanka aimed to estimate the prevalence of low vitamin D status in urban adults and its impact on serum calcium levels. The study found that 93.9% of the population had low vitamin D levels, primarily due to vitamin D deficiency (VDD). VDD was more prevalent in females, younger individuals, and highly urban areas. The findings challenge assumptions about optimal vitamin D levels in tropical regions and highlight the need for national vitamin D supplementation and food fortification programs in high-risk urban settings in South Asian countries like Sri Lanka. [Extracted from the article]

The article focuses on various advanced diagnostic analyzers, highlighting their capabilities and applications in clinical settings. Topics include real-time PCR platforms for syndromic testing, compact and efficient immunoassay analyzers, and automated systems for erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) testing, all designed to enhance laboratory efficiency and diagnostic accuracy across different healthcare environments.

A recent study conducted by researchers at the University of Granada in Spain compared different methods for detecting antibodies against Coxiella burnetii, a bacterium that causes Q fever. The study compared the accuracy and specificity of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) with an immunofluorescence assay (IFA) as a reference test. The results showed that the CLIA from Vircell was the most effective method for detecting phase II IgM antibodies, while both the ELISA and CLIA were suitable for detecting phase II IgG antibodies, with the ELISA being more sensitive. This research provides valuable insights for laboratory testing and diagnosis of Coxiella burnetii infections. [Extracted from the article]

This study aims at determining the in vitro antitrypanosomal, antileishmanial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory-like activities of Terminalia mollis root crude extracts. The antitrypanosomal and antileishmanial activities on Trypanosoma brucei brucei (strain 427) and promastigotes of Leishmania mexicana mexicana (MHOM/BZ/84/BEL46) were evaluated in vitro. The methanolic root bark extract and standards were profiled by HPLC-PDA, and the majority of compounds identified using literature data. The in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory-like activities were determined by evaluating the effect of crude extracts on reactive oxygen species produced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-stimulated equine neutrophils using lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence and on purified equine myeloperoxidase activity measured by specific immunological extraction followed by enzymatic detection. The methanolic, aqueous crude extract, and aqueous crude extract free of tannins exhibited good growth inhibition on Trypanosoma brucei brucei (IC50 3.72, 6.05, and 4.45 µg/mL respectively) but were inactive against Leishmania mexicana mexicana (IC50 > 100 µg/mL). Suramin (IC50 0.11 µg/mL) and amphotericin (IC50 0.11 µg/mL) were used as standard respectively for the antitrypanosomal and antileishmanial activity. Very interesting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory-like activities were observed with 50% hydroethanolic, aqueous crude extracts, and aqueous crude extract free of tannins as well as with pure punicalagin, gallic, and ellagic acid (IC50 0.38 – 10.51 µg/mL for 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), chemiluminescence, and specific immunological extraction followed by enzymatic detection assays. The study results support traditional medicinal use of the plant for the treatment of parasitical disorders and revealed for the first time the antitrypanosomal potential, anti-inflammatory-like, and antioxidant activity of Terminalia mollis root. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study conducted at University Hospital in Valencia, Spain, evaluated the diagnostic performance of the Liaison Chemiluminescence Assay as a screening tool for detecting acute Epstein-Barr infection. The study analyzed 1311 samples and found notable associations between the assay and compatible symptoms in pediatric and young adult populations. The research also identified potential false positives and interferences with other conditions and factors. The study provides valuable insights for optimizing Epstein-Barr serology in microbiology laboratories. [Extracted from the article]

The article evaluates the Bio-Rad's Lyphochek Specialty Immunoassay Control that is used for quality control in specialty immunoassay testing.

A recent study conducted at the University of Edinburgh has explored the use of a non-invasive chemiluminescence assay to detect Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD). The researchers focused on granzyme A (GzmA), an enzyme secreted by CD8+ T cells in inflamed gut tissues. By developing a chemiluminescent reporter for GzmA and integrating it into an antibody-coated 96-well plate assay, the researchers were able to analyze IBD biosamples and healthy controls. The study found significantly higher levels of GzmA in IBD patients, with distinctions between ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. This research presents promising prospects for precise IBD diagnosis and advancements in personalized medicine. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center in China evaluated a new double-antigen sandwich test for detecting anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies. The test, called the light-initiated chemiluminescent assay (LiCA), was compared to the Architect test. The LiCA test demonstrated superior performance in specificity, positive predictive value, and overall accuracy compared to the Architect test. It also detected seroconversion earlier and had better repeatability and within-lab imprecision. The researchers concluded that the LiCA test could be a valuable tool for supplementing the diagnosis of HCV infection. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study from Southwest University in Chongqing, China, explores the use of nanozymes in chemiluminescence assays. The researchers discuss the limitations of natural enzymes and the potential of nanomaterials-based artificial enzyme mimics as substitutes. They delve into the catalytic mechanisms of different active sites, including nanoparticles, metal clusters, isolated atoms, and synergistic sites, as well as the synthetic strategies for these sites. The study concludes by suggesting that future research could focus on tailoring the catalytic performances of different metal entities for next-generation chemiluminescence assays. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from the Dasman Diabetes Institute in Kuwait highlights the importance of early screening for type 1 diabetes (T1D) to improve patient outcomes and avoid life-threatening complications. The researchers suggest that multiplexing chemiluminescent assays, which can detect multiple autoantibodies simultaneously, could be a valuable tool for T1D screening. These assays offer increased diagnostic accuracy, require smaller sample volumes, and are cost-efficient, making them suitable for large-scale screening initiatives and pediatric populations. The adoption of such screening methods could transform T1D diagnosis and contribute to the development of novel therapeutic interventions. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the World Health Organization's (WHO) external quality assessment programme (EQAP) for influenza virus subtype A. Particular focus is given to the evolution of EQAP, as well as participating influenza laboratories. Also discussed are the rate of correct detection for influenza A sample, correlation between the correct rate and virus concentrations, and neuraminidase inhibitor (NAI) susceptibility testing results.

Keywords: Bahawalpur; Pakistan; Asia; Chemicals and Chemistry; Chemiluminescence; Chlorophenols; Dichlorophen; Health and Medicine EN Bahawalpur Pakistan Asia Chemicals and Chemistry Chemiluminescence Chlorophenols Dichlorophen Health and Medicine 3143 3143 1 04/17/23 20230421 NES 230421 2023 APR 21 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Health & Medicine Week -- A new study on Chemicals and Chemistry is now available. Bahawalpur, Pakistan, Asia, Chemicals and Chemistry, Chemiluminescence, Chlorophenols, Health and Medicine, Dichlorophen. [Extracted from the article]

The luminometer controller may be configured to, in response to the analog signal value being less than the predetermined value, determine and report the measurement value of the photons emitted from the assay reactions over the period of time based on the photon count. The luminometer controller may also receive a led photon count and a led analog signal value each representing the photons emitted from the light emitting diode when the minimum readable voltage is applied to the light emitting diode. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords: Guangzhou; People's Republic of China; Asia; Chemiluminescence; Cloud Computing; Health and Medicine; Information Technology EN Guangzhou People's Republic of China Asia Chemiluminescence Cloud Computing Health and Medicine Information Technology 3197 3197 1 03/27/23 20230331 NES 230331 2023 MAR 31 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Health & Medicine Week -- Researchers detail new data in Information Technology - Cloud Computing. Our news editors obtained a quote from the research from the Guangdong University of Technology, "The chemiluminescence technique is effective for the rapid detection of hemoglobin but has not been applied for EAB screening. Guangzhou, People's Republic of China, Asia, Chemiluminescence, Cloud Computing, Health and Medicine, Information Technology. [Extracted from the article]

For more information on this research see: Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence Biosensor for Assay of Matrix Metalloproteinase-14 and Protein-expressing Cancer Cells Via Inhibitory Peptides-based Sandwich Assay. Keywords: Shaanxi; People's Republic of China; Asia; Biosensors; Biotechnology; Cancer; Chemiluminescence; ECL Biosensors; Enzymes and Coenzymes; Health and Medicine; Inhibitory Peptides; Matrix Metalloproteinase; Matrix Metalloproteinases; Metalloendopeptidases; Metalloproteinases; Metalloproteins; Nanotechnology; Oncology; Peptide Hydrolases; Peptides; Peptides and Proteins; Proteins; Proteomics EN Shaanxi People's Republic of China Asia Biosensors Biotechnology Cancer Chemiluminescence ECL Biosensors Enzymes and Coenzymes Health and Medicine Inhibitory Peptides Matrix Metalloproteinase Matrix Metalloproteinases Metalloendopeptidases Metalloproteinases Metalloproteins Nanotechnology Oncology Peptide Hydrolases Peptides Peptides and Proteins Proteins Proteomics 317 317 1 03/23/23 20230314 NES 230314 2023 MAR 14 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Cancer Weekly -- Research findings on Biosensors are discussed in a new report. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords: Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Enzymes and Coenzymes; Health and Medicine; Immunoassay; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Immunologic Techniques; Immunologic Tests; Immunosorbent Techniques; Immunosorbents; Investigative Techniques; Surface-Active Agents EN Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Enzymes and Coenzymes Health and Medicine Immunoassay Immunoenzyme Techniques Immunologic Techniques Immunologic Tests Immunosorbent Techniques Immunosorbents Investigative Techniques Surface-Active Agents 4898 4898 1 03/23/23 20230303 NES 230303 2023 MAR 3 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Health & Medicine Week -- Researchers detail new data in enzymes and coenzymes. In conclusion, CLIA is found highly sensitive, specific, and rapid, as compared to ELISA, but CLIA is an expensive method as compared to ELISA.". [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses how measuring inflammatory marker levels can help in determining risk of bone loss and fractures in older women. It mentions that elevated levels of pro-inflammatory markers are associated with an increased risk of a number of chronic conditions and mortality. A review of the literature has revealed that inflammation is related to an increased fracture risk and inflammatory burden may be an important biological risk factor for fractures in older women.

The methanol extract of dried fruits of Odyendyea gabonensis afforded one new quassinoid [(--)-odyendanol (1)], one new canthin-6-one alkaloid [9-hydroxy-5-methoxycanthin-6-one (4)], and two new steroids [22E, 24R-stigmasta-5,22- diene-3,7-dione (7) and 22E,24R-stigmast-22-ene-3,7-dione (8)] along with fourteen known compounds. The structures of all compounds were established by analyzing the spectroscopic data. The 13C-NMR values of (--)-odyendene (2) and (--)-odyendane (3), as well as the single-crystal X-ray structure of 5-methoxycanthin-6-one (6) are also reported. The oxidative burst inhibitory activity of pure compounds 1-12 was determined by the chemoluminescence assay, and cytotoxic activities of compounds 2-6 against the human prostate cancer cell PC-3 line were evaluated. Compounds 1-6 exhibited a clear suppressive effect on the phagocytosis response upon activation with serumopsonized zymosan in the range of IC50 = 0.9- 2.0 µM versus ibuprofen with IC50 = 12.1 µM, while all canthin-6-one alkaloids (4-6) displayed moderate cytotoxic activity against the human prostate cancer cell PC-3 line, with IC50 values ranging from 13.5-15.4µM versus doxorubicine with IC50 = 1.5 µM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fo Shou San (FSS) is an ancient herbal decoction composed of Angelicae Sinensis Radix (ASR; Danggui) and Chuanxiong Rhizoma (CR; Chuanxiong) in a ratio of 3: 2. FSS is mainly prescribed for patients having a deficiency of blood supply, and it indeed has been shown to stimulate the production of erythropoietin (EPO) in cultured cells. In order to reveal the mechanism of this FSS-induced EPO gene expression, the upstream regulatory cascade, via hypoxia-induced signaling, was revealed here in cultured hepatocellular carcinoma cell line Hep3B. The induction of EPO gene expression, triggered by FSS, was revealed in cultured hepatocytes by: (i) the increase of EPO mRNA; and (ii) the activation of the hypoxia response element (HRE), an upstream regulator of the EPO gene. The FSS-induced EPO gene expression was triggered by an increased expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) protein; however, the mRNA expression of HIF-1α was not altered by the treatment of FSS. The increased HIF-1α was a result of reduced protein degradation after the FSS treatment. The current results therefore provide one of the molecular mechanisms of this ancient herbal decoction for its hematopoietic function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three new β-indoloquinazoline alkaloids, orirenierine A (1), B (2) and C (4), together with eleven known compounds were isolated from the methanol extract of the stems of Oricia renieri. The structures of all compounds were determined by comprehensive analyses of their spectroscopic data and comparison with literature information. The alkaloids 9-11 were isolated for the first time from this genus. All compounds were tested for their activity against bacteria, fungi, and plant pathogen oomycetes using the paper disk agar diffusion assay. The agar diffusion test gave only low antimicrobial activities, corresponding to MICs > 1 mg/mL. However, compounds 1-4 and 11 exhibited a strong suppressive effect on phagocytosis response upon activation with serum opsonized zymosan in the range of IC50 = 2.6- 6.5 μM, while low cytotoxic activity against the human Caucasian prostate adenocarcinoma cell line PC-3 was observed with IC50 values ranging from 22.9 to 39.4 μM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A chemiluminescence assay for detection of coliforms was developed based on the reaction of β-galactosidase enzyme from Escherichia coli with a phenylgalactosidase-substituted dioxetane substrate, leading to the generation of light at 530 nm. Polymixin B was added to increase cell membrane permeability. Light emitted from the reaction was measured in a luminometer, and data were correlated with counts of E. coli enumerated on MacConkey agar plates. A comparison of light intensity from cultures grown in nutrient broth and lactose broth (LB) showed LB to be a better choice as growth medium. A randomized block design analysis comprising a two-way treatment structure with six dilution levels and 25, 50, or 55 µL of E. coli culture indicated maximum sensitivity of the assay at 55 µL of E. coli with 500 µL of the dioxetane substrate. An exponential increase in the intensity of light emitted was observed with an exponential increase in numbers of E. coli. The detection limit, for the assay was 10² to 10³ CFU in 60 min. The assay was able to detect the presence of coliforms in milk, sprouts, and water samples tested, as confirmed by plating the samples on MacConkey agar With further testing, this enzyme-based chemiluminescence assay may provide a simple and rapid method for detection of E. coli contamination in food and water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A review is presented of ATP Rapid Hygiene Monitoring equipment from Kikkoman.

The article discusses vitamin D testing methods currently available on the market, their proposed clinical indications, platform-specific attributes and limitations. Also discussed are the procedures to ensure vitamin D tests provide clear, actionable results for patients and physicians. It highlights that CDC will introduce a Vitamin D Standardization-Certification Program to ensure reliable clinical vitamin D measurement in October 2012.

The article reports that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has given an approval for a test for acute hepatitis B to F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.

Several letters to the editor are presented in response to the question asked in the journal in previous issue that what is the right test for the labs and why.