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There is a paucity of articles addressing the management strategy for perineal burns. Pelvic floor burns present a multitude of problems. These relate to the management of stool, urine, areas of maceration, significant strain, and the risk of infection. The objective of this study was to analyze a consecutive series of perineal burns by studying their characteristics, treatment, and management of urine and feces. This was a retrospective study including 100 patients between January 2018 and December 2022. The patients had all been hospitalized after suffering burns to the perineum. In 28% of the patients, the perineal burn was complicated by infection. In 61% of cases, a cutaneous infection, in 32% of cases, a urinary tract infection, in 25% of cases, a respiratory tract infection, and in 7% of cases, an infection of the digestive tract. Superinfection is associated with an increased risk of poor engraftment. A total of 100% of the patients with poor or average engraftment had an infection in the aftermath of the burn, compared with 20% of the patients with excellent engraftment and 61% of the patients with good engraftment. In our series, the analysis revealed that, in 95% of cases, no specific procedures were implemented for stool management. Perianal involvement was associated with a risk of sub-excellent engraftment. The results were statistically significant, with P= .005 and an OR = 8.72 after multivariate analysis. We favor the least invasive approach to stool management. Indications for a rectal catheter arise in patients with the following characteristics: the patient must be sedated, the burns must be deep and close to the anal opening, and the stools must be watery and abundant. In 95% of cases, we do not install a stool management device. Colostomies should remain exceptional.

Deep soft tissue defects next to the joints can rapidly lead to irreversible damages and have to be covered urgently and effectively. In severely burned patients the usual approach is to use a flap even though it has its limitations in regards to the extent of the burn and the general condition of the patient. A 27-year-old male was admitted at the Burn Treatment Center for a thermic burn of 72% of his BSA. At first he has benefited from several skin grafts and later on a major open right elbow had to be treated urgently to rescue the joint. After the burn, a revascularization of the donor site was noticed, sufficient to use the radial forearm pedicled flap as a cover for the elbow. This case reports an innovative approach based on the use of an irrigation and drainage system placed underneath the flap. The elbow was rigidly immobilized with an external fixator in order to facilitate an optimal healing of the flap. In this case, the choice of this flap, combined with the irrigation and drainage system and the immobilization by external fixation, provided an original and efficient treatment. Postoperatively the healing of the flap and of the donor site was complete. The functional results exceeded the expectations with a complete recovery of the joint amplitude. Thus, in case of no other therapeutic options, it is probably possible to use a variety of flaps recently healed.

Fear of a 'great replacement' lurks in the consciousness of the growing far right and fascist movements of the West. It was there motivating Anders Breivik's terrorist attack in Norway [...]

According to expert guidelines, lymph node surgical excision is the standard of care for lymphoma diagnosis. However, core needle biopsy (CNB) has become widely accepted as part of the lymphoma diagnostic workup over the past decades. The aim of this study was to present the largest multicenter inventory of lymph nodes sampled either by CNB or surgical excision in patients with suspected lymphoma and to compare their diagnostic performance in routine pathologic practice. We reviewed 32 285 cases registered in the French Lymphopath network, which provides a systematic expert review of all lymphoma diagnoses in France, and evaluated the percentage of CNB and surgical excision cases accurately diagnosed according to the World Health Organization classification. Although CNB provided a definitive diagnosis in 92.3% and seemed to be a reliable method of investigation for most patients with suspected lymphoma, it remained less conclusive than surgical excision, which provided a definitive diagnosis in 98.1%. Discordance rates between referral and expert diagnoses were higher on CNB (23.1%) than on surgical excision (21.2%; P = .004), and referral pathologists provided more cases with unclassified lymphoma or equivocal lesion through CNB. In such cases, expert review improved the diagnostic workup by classifying ∼90% of cases, with higher efficacy on surgical excision (93.3%) than CNB (81.4%; P < 10−6). Moreover, diagnostic concordance for reactive lesions was higher on surgical excision than CNB (P = .009). Overall, although CNB accurately diagnoses lymphoma in most instances, it increases the risk of erroneous or nondefinitive conclusions. This large-scale survey also emphasizes the need for systematic expert review in cases of lymphoma suspicion, especially in those sampled by using CNB.

La réadaptation respiratoire est inscrite dans les recommandations de prise en charge de la BPCO avec un niveau de preuve élevé. Cependant, la mise en œuvre de cette composante thérapeutique est sous-optimale. Le métier d’infirmier en pratique avancée (IPA) apporte des compétences permettant d’améliorer l’accès à la réadaptation. Ce travail s’appuie sur l’expérience étrangère pour proposer des pistes de développement des pratiques françaises.

Long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) improves survival in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and severe hypoxaemia. However, the best method of management of moderate hypoxaemia not qualifying for LTOT (including isolated nocturnal desaturation) is uncertain. We examined the effect of home oxygen (either LTOT or nocturnal oxygen therapy) on overall survival in patients with COPD and moderate hypoxaemia.

Riociguat and balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) are treatment options for inoperable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). However, randomised controlled trials comparing these treatments are lacking. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of BPA versus riociguat in patients with inoperable CTEPH.

Background: Determination of the therapeutic pressure during continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy is usually performed by a technician during polysomnography. In recent years, several devices for automated adjustment of [...]

We have investigated pulmonary hemodynamics in a large series of consecutive, unselected patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). The aims of this study were to evaluate the frequency of [...]

Prognostic factors in COPD patients receiving long-term oxygen (LTO) therapy were recently analyzed, but very few studies considered the prognostic value of pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) in these patients. We [...]

We have investigated pulmonary hemodynamics in 16 patients with COPD with respiratory insufficiency, exhibiting marked peripheral edema. All the patients had previously undergone, within the last 6 months (TI), a [...]

Le trouble dépressif est une comorbidité fréquente au cours de la broncho-pneumopathie chronique obstructive (BPCO) et retentit négativement sur la qualité de vie. Cette étude a pour but d’évaluer l’impact du réentraînement à l’exercice (RE) sur les symptômes cliniquement significatifs de dépression.

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is frequently observed in patients with advanced COPD as a consequence of chronic alveolar hypoxia. (1) In patients with respiratory disease, PH is generally defined by a [...]

Objective:There are few means to treat large keloid scars, as exeresis—even if partial—impedes direct closure without tension in the absence of a flap or a skin graft. This study evaluates the efficacy, indications for use and limitations of a new therapeutic protocol, combining an extralesional keloid excision left to heal by secondary intention with a paraffin dressing and glucocorticoid ointment, followed by monthly intrascar injections of corticosteroids upon full re-epithelialisation.Method:A retrospective study of patients treated for keloid scars by using the new therapeutic protocol. Scars were categorised as either healed or recurring. Their recurrence was scored according to the changes in functional signs and the scar volume.Results:A total of 36 scars were studied. The mean follow-up was 14.1 months. Healing occurred in a mean of 6.8 weeks. The mean surface area was 21.6cm2. Healing rate was 30.5%. Scar volume was improved in 60% of recurrent cases and functional signs in 56%. Based on adherence with the corticotherapy, two patient groups could be discerned. For patients in the ‘adherent’ group, the healing rate was 40%, and scar volume was improved in 75% of recurrent cases and the functional signs in 83% of cases.Conclusions:The healing rate in this study was close to that reported in the literature. Excision-healing by secondary intention could therefore be offered to patients for whom adherence is uncertain. The protocol in this study offers a straightforward, fast, accessible solution that does not appear to entail any risk of additional keloids. It could potentially offer a treatment option in case of failure of other treatments, large keloid scars or scalp keloids.

The article reports on a controversy that broke out at the annual conference of the Society for Music Theory in November 2019 reflecting on the lecture delivered by Hunter College professor Philip Ewell, on the existence of elitism, Eurocentrism, racism, and xenophobia in the field of music theory in North America. It mentions that dismantling the white racial frame will benefit not only people of color, but non-males and LGBTQ people as well.

La maladie veino-occlusive pulmonaire (MVOP) est une cause rare d’hypertension pulmonaire. On distingue des formes héritables et des formes sporadiques. Une hypoxémie, une altération importante de la diffusion du monoxyde de carbone et la présence d’une hypertension pulmonaire pré-capillaire sont des éléments en faveur d’une MVOP. La tomodensitométrie thoracique et la réponse au traitement pharmacologique permettent d’étayer ce diagnostic. Il s’agit de l’observation d’un homme de 52 ans, d’une fratrie dont trois sont atteints de MVOP. Ce sujet a été admis pour dyspnée, lipothymies et palpitations. Le cathétérisme cardiaque droit a mis en évidence une hypertension pulmonaire pré-capillaire. Une recherche de mutation EIF2AK4 a été réalisée, confirmant le diagnostic de MVOP héritable déjà connue chez un des frères du patient. Malgré un diagnostic similaire chez 3 frères et un suivi proposé 11 ans avant le diagnostic, l’hypertension pulmonaire est apparue en quelques semaines et a engendré un tableau d’emblée sévère. La surveillance fortement préconisée au patient n’a pas permis d’établir un diagnostic précoce. Ce cas clinique montre que l’identification de facteurs prédictifs de l’apparition d’une MVOP héritable à un stade pré-symptomatique est un enjeu de recherche clinique important.

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a frequent complication of advanced COPD. It is defined by a resting mean pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) [is greater than] 20 mm Hg. In COPD, PH [...]

Les pneumopathies à éosinophiles sont caractérisées par une alvéolite à polynucléaires éosinophiles. Elles peuvent être idiopathiques ou relever de différentes causes. L’origine médicamenteuse doit être toujours évoquée.

Restoration of a good hand function and limitation of the sequelae are the main concerns in burns treatment. The intrinsic plus position is known as the safe position for hand splinting. This article aims at describing the technique of external fixation that have been developed in Saint Louis' Burn Center in management of burned hands during the acute phase. Since 2013, a technique of external fixation has been developed in our burn center using Hoffmann II External Fixation System from Stryker® and pins from Medicalex®. External fixation of a deep burned hand is an efficient and safe way to immobilize the hand in a correct intrinsic plus position, to secure the skin grafts to improve graft take and to permit changes of the dressings without removing the immobilization device.

To date, nothing is known about the evolution of survival in systemic sclerosis-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) over the last decade.

Dans l’hypertension artérielle pulmonaire (HTAP), plusieurs traitements agissant sur la dysfonction de l’endothélium pulmonaire ont prouvé leur efficacité. L’exposition à la fumée de cigarette provoque une dysfonction endothéliale comparable à celle observée chez les patients atteints d’HTAP. L’objectif principal était d’investiguer la différence de changement hémodynamique à l’exercice de patients sous traitement spécifique, entre le diagnostic (T0) et la première réévaluation comprenant un cathétérisme cardiaque droit (T1), entre les exposés ou non à la fumée de cigarette.

Assessment of a resident’s microsurgical competency with the rodent model remains the current gold standard. However, cost and ethical issues related to animal welfare may limit training opportunities. Therefore, synthetic alternatives such as silicone tubes have been developed to provide easy access to training, shorten the learning curve, and have been incorporated into microsurgical courses as a low-fidelity model for basic skills acquisition. This study compares the use of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gelatin tubes with silicone for resident microsurgical training.

Lymphoma is a frequent complication of HIV infection, but we report a rare localization in the subglottic tracheal area. A case of tracheal stenosis due to lymphoma in an HIV-infected [...]

L’histoire naturelle des maladies pulmonaires orphelines est rarement connue. Nous présentons l’évolution à long terme d’une forme bronchectasiante de la maladie à dépôts de chaines légères (MDCL) d’immunoglobulines non amyloïdes.

Electrical burns are responsible for arterial and venous thrombosis, as well as weakening of the arteries. Immediate or delayed arterial occlusions, secondary to the aggression of the intima, or aneurysms, secondary to the aggression of the media, sometimes lead to artery ruptures without any warning signs. Such ruptures may trigger a hemorrhagic shock whose period of onset is variable and unpredictable. We are presenting here three cases treated in our department for electrical burns, whose complications were marked by hemorrhagic shock, secondary to late artery ruptures, sometimes occurring several months following the event. These case reports required performance of emergency hemostasis in order to control sudden bleeding, with first approach being placement of a tourniquet at the base of the limb and/or a compression point. Through these cases, we thought it is crucial to closely monitor for a few weeks all patients who were victims of electrical injury, even more so if it was associated with a compartment syndrome of one or more limbs and high rhabdomyolysis, which seem to be predictive factors of late artery ruptures in our case reports.

A Prospective Study of 34 Consecutive Cases Study objectives: Obesity has many detrimental effects on the respiratory function and may lead to chronic hypoventilation in some patients, an association known [...]

We report the case of a 71-year-old man bearing a severe right-to-left shunt through a patent foramen ovale in the absence of elevated right-sided heart or pulmonary artery pressures. He [...]

To the Editor: In a recent issue of CHEST (June 1999), Schott and coworkers[1] reported that orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) could be performed successfully, even though pulmonary hypertension (PH) is [...]

Pulmonary hypertension at the end stage of chronic liver disease is not an uncommon situation. This association termed portopulmonary hypertension raises the question of the feasibility of performing orthotopic liver [...]

Le diagnostic de Body Dysmorphic Disorder(BDD) est rencontré très fréquemment en consultation de chirurgie plastique. Cependant, aucun outil de dépistage reproductible et simple d’utilisation et d’interprétation par le praticien n’existe en langue française. Le Body Dysmorphic Disorder Questionnaire(BDDQ) est le gold standardpour le dépistage du BDD en consultation de spécialiste non-psychiatre. L’objectif de notre étude est de proposer aux chirurgiens plasticiens Français un BDDQ en langue française afin de pouvoir dépister dès la consultation les patients présentant un BDD. Il sera ainsi possible d’adapter la prise en charge et de limiter le risque de décompensation psychiatrique.

Les anticorps anti programmed death-1(PD-1) et programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1) sont des immunothérapies utilisées dans le traitement de nombreuses tumeurs solides. Des cas de pneumopathies interstitielles induites par les anti PD-1 ont largement été décrits, mais les données sont moins nombreuses avec les anti PD-L1. L’avelumab est une nouvelle immunothérapie de la classe des anti PD-L1.

Le suivi hémodynamique dans l’hypertension artérielle pulmonaire (HTAP) est actuellement principalement basé sur les résultats du cathétérisme cardiaque droit (CCD). L’objectif principal de l’étude EVITA est de comparer l’imagerie par résonance magnétique cardiaque (IRMc) au CCD afin d’établir un diagnostic d’état hémodynamique défavorable. Les objectifs secondaires permettront de préciser le rôle de l’IRMc dans une stratégie de suivi. L’ensemble des patients réaliseront lors du diagnostic et du suivi une IRMc et un CCD. Les patients seront suivis et traités selon les recommandations actuelles. Le critère principal d’évaluation sera un état hémodynamique défavorable défini par un index cardiaque<2,5L/min/m2 ou une pression auriculaire droite≥8mm Hg par CCD en comparaison à un index cardiaque<2,5L/min/m2 ou une fraction d’éjection ventriculaire droite (FEVD)<35 % ou une diminution en valeur absolue de 10 % de la FEVD par rapport à la précédente mesure effectuée par IRMc. Les valeurs exactes de sensibilité, de spécificité et les intervalles de confiance à 95 % seront calculés. Un effectif de 180 patients permettra d’avoir une puissance de 90 % à un risque α de 5 %. Les analyses de Cox univariées et multivariées permettront de répondre aux objectifs secondaires. Nous espérons démontrer que l’IRMc peut en partie se substituer au CCD lors du suivi des patients ayant une HTAP.

Video Discussion by David Sieber, M.D., is Available Online for This Article.Patient Safety CME.

The analysis of right ventriculo-arterial coupling (RVAC) from pressure-volume loops is not routinely performed. RVAC may be approached by the combination of right heart catheterization (RHC) pressure data and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR)–derived right ventricular (RV) volumetric data. RV pressure and volume measurements by Doppler and three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) allows another way to approach RVAC.

In cases involving small burns in patients without a comorbidity or associated pathology, a referral from a surgeon is necessary and sometimes it cannot be ascertained when the patient is not brought in by a specialized team. The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the quality of our method for performing telemedicine. This retrospective study included the 323 patients who were initially treated using the telemedicine system implemented between 2011 and 2016. This procedure only involved patients burned over a small portion of their body’s surface area (ie, =15%) who were between 15 and 75 years of age and who did not have a major comorbidity. The purpose of the procedure was to evaluate the need for surgery. The initial diagnosis regarding the need for a surgical procedure was accurate in 94.4% (305/323) of the cases. Eleven patients (3.4%) were transferred unnecessarily as they ultimately did not require surgery, and seven patients (2.2%) were ultimately transferred even though the need for surgery was not initially established at the time that the pictures were viewed. No initial errors in the photographic evaluation caused a worsening in the life-threatening, functional, or aesthetic prognoses. We have recently opted to use telemedicine for initial patient management. In 94.4% of cases, the opinion that was provided was accurate. Only 3.2% of the patients for whom outpatient treatment was recommended ultimately underwent surgery without subsequently experiencing the slightest injury due to any delay in therapy. Although it will never replace clinical examination, these results have encouraged us to develop telemedicine based on digital photography.

L’hypertension artérielle pulmonaire (HTAP) est une maladie vasculaire pulmonaire dont le pronostic est sombre. Le traitement par analogues des prostacyclines i.v. continu impose la mise en place d’un cathéter tunnelisé. Le taux d’infection liée au cathéter tunnelisé dans ce contexte est peu fréquent du fait du pH alcalin des solutions d’analogues des prostacyclines.

Le syndrome d’apnées-hypopnées obstructives du sommeil (SAHOS) semble être sous-diagnostiqué. L’objectif de cette étude était d’évaluer les connaissances du SAHOS par la population générale de Lorraine.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefit of using a new slow-setting fibrin sealant compared with staples for adherence of split-thickness skin grafts on the backs of hands and fingers. Staple removal is often painful for patients. Twenty-eight patients were included for a graft total of 34 hands. The authors chose to test this sealant on zones that are often difficult to graft given their varied topographies. Its low concentration of thrombin (4 IU/ml) compared with other sealants provides it with prolonged polymerization time (60 seconds) making it easier to use in this location. All 34 grafts had taken at 5 days postoperatively and no graft required revision surgery. Six of our patients had sealant on one hand and staples on the other hand. All of the patients reported less pain on the sealant hand with a mean visual analog scale inferior to 2.6 times less (Mann–Whitney Utest, P= .0035). Eighteen months after treatment, all of the patients had acceptable function and esthetic aspect of their hands with no difference noted between glued or stapled hands. The only notable drawbacks to the use of this sealant are the preparation and application time which is longer than with staples, the need to evacuate small seromas under the graft and obstruction of the drainage points by the sealant. The use of Artiss Sealant®enabled us to reduce the amount of care and to decrease the pain because there was no staple removal.

La forme « pneumonique » est très caractéristique de l’adénocarcinome pulmonaire lépidique. Cependant, le diagnostic et le traitement peuvent être retardés par les atypies radiologiques et la sévérité de l’hypoxémie.