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The microbiota during pit mud fermentation is a crucial factor in Baijiubrewing since it determines the yield and flavor. However, the impact of the microbial community during the initial fermentation stage on Baijiuquality remains uncertain. Herein, high-throughput sequencing was employed to investigate the microbial diversities and distribution during Baijiufermentation in individual pit mud workshops at both initial and late stages. During the initial fermentation stage, the bacterial community exerted a more pronounced effect on Baijiuquality than the fungal community. And the high-yield pit mud workshop exhibited lower richness and evenness, as well as greater Bray-Curtis dissimilarity during Baijiufermentation. Lactobacilluswas the dominant genus and biomarker in high-yield pit mud, and it constituted the only genus within the bacterial association network during the late fermentation stage. Fungal communities tended to maintain a simple association network with selected core species. Based on the correlation network, Rhizopusand Trichosporonwere identified as biomarkers in Baijiufermentation process. Together, Lactobacillusand Rhizopuscould serve as bio-indicators for Baijiuquality during the initial fermentation stage. Therefore, these findings provided novel insights into microbiota interactions during fermentation and the impact of initial microbiota on final Baijiuquality.

Plasma levels of angiopoietin-2 are increased in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Moreover, mouse models of progressive kidney disease also demonstrate increased angiopoietin-2 in both plasmas and kidneys. The role of dysregulated angiopoietins in the progression of kidney disease has not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we found in a cohort of 319 patients with CKD that plasma angiopoietin-2 and angiopoietin-2/angiopoietin-1 ratios were positively associated with the development of kidney failure. In mice with progressive kidney disease induced by either ureteral obstruction or ischemia-reperfusion injury, overexpression of human angiopoietin-1 in the kidney tubules not only reduced macrophage infiltration in the initial stage post-injury but also attenuated endothelial cell apoptosis, microvascular rarefaction, and fibrosis in the advanced disease stage. Notably, angiopoietin-1 attenuated chemokine C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2) expression in the endothelial cells of the fibrosing kidneys, and these protective effects led to attenuation of functional impairment. Mechanistically, angiopoietin-1 reduced CCL2-activated macrophage migration and protected endothelial cells against cell apoptosis induced by angiopoietin-2 and Wnt ligands. Based on this, we applied L1-10, an angiopoietin-2 inhibitor, to the mouse models of progressive kidney disease and found inhibitory effects on macrophage infiltration, microvascular rarefaction, and fibrosis. Thus, we defined the detrimental impact of increased angiopoietin-2 on kidney survival of patients with CKD which appears highlighted by angiopoietin-2 induced endothelial CCL2-activated macrophage infiltration and endothelial cell apoptosis in their kidneys undergoing fibrosis.

SARS-CoV-2, first identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, has been gradually spreading worldwide since 2020. The relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and psychotic disorders has received much attention, and several studies have described the direct/indirect mechanisms of its effects on the brain, but no mechanism has been found to explain recurrent episodes of COVID-19-related psychotic symptoms.

AbstractFunctional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a technique of detecting cerebral cortical function by using near-infrared light, which is a multifunctional neuroimaging technique and provides a convenient and efficient detection method in neuroscience. In consideration of acceptability, safety, high spatial and temporal resolutions compared with electroencephalogram (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), fNIRS is widely used to study different psychiatric disorders, most prominently affective disorders, schizophrenic illnesses, brain organic mental disorders and neurodevelopmental disorders, etc. The article focuses on the latest research progress and practical application of fNIRS in psychiatric disorders, especially traumatic brain, including studies on the characterization of phenomenology, treatment effects and descriptions of neuroimaging data.

To inhibit rapid capacity attenuation of Bi2Mn4O10anode material in high-energy lithium-ion batteries, a novel high-purity anode composite material Bi2Mn4O10/ECP-N (ECP-N: N-doped Ketjen black) was prepared via an uncomplicated ball milling method. The as-synthesized Bi2Mn4O10/ECP-N composite demonstrated a great reversible specific capacity of 576.2 mA·h/g after 100 cycles at 0.2Cwith a large capacity retention of 75%. However, the capacity retention of individual Bi2Mn4O10was only 27%. Even at 3C, a superior rate capacity of 236.1 mA·h/g was retained. Those remarkable electrochemical performances could give the credit to the introduction of ECP-N, which not only effectively improves the specific surface area to buffer volume expansion and enhances conductivity and wettability of composites but also accelerates the ion transfer and the reversible conversion reaction.

High-performance thermal insulating materials are highly desirable in several fields, especially for thermal insulation of buildings to reduce energy consumption. Owing to the remarkable thermal stability, high porosity, low density, and outstanding mechanical features, polyimide (PI) aerogels have attracted great attention. In this work, chemical cross-linked PI (CCPI) aerogels were fabricated via freeze-drying and thermal imidization, which possess outstanding mechanical properties, good thermal stability, and excellent thermal insulation characteristics. The chemically cross-linked structure can effectively inhibit shrinkage, while retaining the structural integrity, resulting in the lower density and lower shrinkage of the materials. In this paper, completely imidized and highly cross-linked polyimide aerogels were synthesized by using p-phenylenediamine (PDA), 3,3′,4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA), and the cross-linker 2,3,6,7,14,15-hexaaminotriptycene (HMT). The CCPI aerogels with excellent properties, such as covalently cross-linked chemical structure, low density (0.069 g/cm3), low volume shrinkage (10%), high decomposition temperature (Td5%= 587 °C), and low thermal conductivity (25 mW m–1K–1) are in high demand in the field of thermal insulation. This work furnishes a new method for the development of polymer-based thermal insulation materials for various prospective applications.

The accurate and early detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb) is of great significance for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis. In this work, we report a facile method for the controllable synthesis of a novel few-layered two-dimensional graphdiyne nanosheet (GDY NS) with a thickness of only ∼0.9 nm via an electrochemical lithium-intercalation strategy, which possesses a prominent fluorescence quenching effect. The few-layered GDY NS with its strong adsorptivity for single-stranded DNA is first proposed as a new fluorescent sensing platform for the real-time detection of DNA with excellent specificity, multiplicity, and superhigh sensitivity (limit of detection as low as 25 pM). This sensing platform can be further applied for the Mtb detection from clinical samples and the identification of drug-resistant mutants with a low background and a high signal-to-noise ratio. Herein, we provide a potential basis for the clinical development of rapid, sensitive, and accurate substitutes for the molecular diagnosis of Mtb and its drug-resistant genes.

Electronic line-shafting (ELS) is the most popular control strategy for printing machines with shaftless drives. A slidingmode controller for tracking control is designed in this study as the first step towards an improved ELS control scheme. This controller can eliminate the negative effects on synchronization precision resulting from the friction at low speed present in the pre-registration step of a shaftless driven printing machine. Moreover, it can eliminate the synchronization error of the printing process resulting from nonlinearities and load disturbances. Based on observer techniques, the unknown components of load torque and system parameter variations are estimated. On this basis, a novel ELS control method using equivalent load-torque observers is proposed. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control system for four-axis position control.

Dielectric materials with high energy storage density (Wrec) and efficiency (η) are expected for energy storage capacitors. In this work, 〈001〉-textured Na0.7Bi0.1NbO3(NBN) ceramics were prepared by a templated grain growth technique. The effects of microstructure and orientation degree on dielectric properties, polarization and energy storage performance were investigated. The textured ceramic with an optimized orientation degree (70%) showed a high Wrecof 2.4 J/cm3and ηof 85.6%. The excellent energy storage properties of textured ceramic originate from the co-effect of interfacial polarization and clamping effect. The results indicate that texture development is a potential candidate to optimize the energy storage properties of functional ceramics.

Pullulan is a natural exopolysaccharide with many useful characteristics. However, pullulan is more costly than other exopolysaccharides, which limits its effective application. The purpose of this study was to adopt a novel mixed-sugar strategy for maximizing pullulan production, mainly using potato starch hydrolysate as a low-cost substrate for liquid-state fermentation by Aureobasidium pullulans. Based on fermentation kinetics evaluation of pullulan production by A. pullulans201253, the pullulan production rate of A. pullulanswith mixtures of potato starch hydrolysate and sucrose (potato starch hydrolysate:sucrose=80:20) was 0.212h−1, which was significantly higher than those of potato starch hydrolysate alone (0.146h−1) and mixtures of potato starch hydrolysate, glucose, and fructose (potato starch hydrolysate:glucose:fructose=80:10:10, 0.166h−1) with 100gL−1total carbon source. The results suggest that mixtures of potato starch hydrolysate and sucrose could promote pullulan synthesis and possibly that a small amount of sucrose stimulated the enzyme responsible for pullulan synthesis and promoted effective potato starch hydrolysate conversion effectively. Thus, mixed sugars in potato starch hydrolysate and sucrose fermentation might be a promising alternative for the economical production of pullulan.

This paper proposes an algorithm for eliminating motion artifacts in heart rate monitoring using a photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor. No additional hardware, such as accelerometers or other reference signals, is needed. The algorithm improves the quality of PPG signals by implementing a comb filter during signal processing. The proposed slow–fast adaptive comb filter (SFACF) distinguishes motion artifacts in PPG signals based on harmonic and continuous features of the heart rate. The effectiveness of fundamental and harmonic frequency enhancement in real time is experimentally demonstrated, with the heart rate updated every second. The performance of the SFACF, which does not require additional reference signals, is compared with those of adaptive noise cancellation (ANC) and spectral peak search-comb filtering (SPS-CF). It is found that for a low-quality PPG signal, the SFACF outperforms ANC and SPS-CF. Finally, measurements obtained using a commercial heart rate monitor and the proposed algorithm are shown to be highly correlated.

The coal transport trestle as a connection channel is widely used in large and medium-sized coal enterprises, which plays an important role in the whole manufacturing process. The vibration problems in coal transport trestle can not only reduce the occupant comfort, cause people serious harm, but also have pernicious effect on structure. Along with the structure aging and dynamics property change, things go badly, which even causes enormous life and property loss. This paper describes the vibration testing and analysis methods of the steel truss coal trestle though engineering examples. The results show that the belt transport system is the main reason which caused the vibration of the STCT, and trestle must undergo resonance phase with the exciting force changes.

This paper proposes a remote monitoring system that consists of three clients and servers. A web server is adopted to supply a remote visiting interface for browsers from Internet. A video server is installed to capture the live streaming video, and broadcast it to video clients that are embedded in browsers. More ever, a TCP DAQ (Data Acquisition) server is designed to acquire data from sensors, and then transmit them to VI (Virtual Instrument) clients that are also embedded in browsers. To support VI clients that are designed by different languages, such as C++, Flex or HTML5, multiple protocols are integrated in the TCP DAQ server. Through identifying the type of virtual instrument client that is connected to it, the TCP DAQ server can select a protocol automatically.

In this paper, we present a new concept of the mechanical design of a humanoid robot. The goal is to build a humanoid robot utilizing a new structure which is more suitable for human-like walking with the characteristics of the knee stretch, heel-contact, and toe-off. Inspired by human skeleton, we made an anthropomorphic pelvis for the humanoid robot. In comparison with conventional humanoid robots, with such the anthropomorphic pelvis, our robot is capable of adjusting the center of gravity of the upper body by the motion of pelvic tilt, thus reducing the required torque at the ankle joint and the velocity variations in human-like walking. With more precise analysis of the foot mechanism, the fixed-length inverted pendulum can be used to describe the dynamics of biped walking, thus preventing redundant works and power consumption in length variable inverted pendulum system. As the result of the new structure we propose, a humanoid robot is able to walk with human-like gait.

High-resolution K-edge x-ray absorption data are presented for Mg, Zn and O of Mg1-xZnxO films. A detailed analysis of the extended x-ray absorption fine structure by using the IFEFFIT program is given, and the Zn form chemical bonds with O are obtained. The x-ray absorption near-edge structure of Mg, Zn and O K-edge are investigated, and the electronic structures of Mg1-xZnxO with various compositions are studied.

Pericytes have been identified as the major source of precursors of scar-producing myofibroblasts during kidney fibrosis. The underlying mechanisms triggering pericyte-myofibroblast transition are poorly understood. Transforming growth factor β-1 (TGF-β1) is well recognized as a pluripotent cytokine that drives organ fibrosis. We investigated the role of TGF-β1 in inducing profibrotic signaling from epithelial cells to activate pericyte-myofibroblast transition. Increased expression of TGF-β1 was detected predominantly in injured epithelium after unilateral ureteral obstruction, whereas downstream signaling from the TGF-β1 receptor increased in both injured epithelium and pericytes. In mice with ureteral obstruction that were treated with the pan anti–TGF-β antibody (1D11) or TGF-β receptor type I inhibitor (SB431542), kidney pericyte-myofibroblast transition was blunted. The consequence was marked attenuation of fibrosis. In addition, epithelial cell cycle G2/M arrest and production of profibrotic cytokines were both attenuated. Although TGF-β1 alone did not trigger pericyte proliferation in vitro, it robustly induced α smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). In cultured kidney epithelial cells, TGF-β1 stimulated G2/M arrest and production of profibrotic cytokines that had the capacity to stimulate proliferation and transition of pericytes to myofibroblasts. In conclusion, this study identified a novel link between injured epithelium and pericyte-myofibroblast transition through TGF-β1 during kidney fibrosis.

IP is the primary protocol that establishes the Internet; it is responsible for routing packets across network. IPv4 is the first version of the protocol to be widely deployed. IPv4 uses 4 bytes addresses, which limits the address space to more than 4 billion possible unique addresses. All of network devices construct on the IPv4. While the Internet widely deployed and used. IP addresses are being incrementally delegated to end users, an IPv4 address shortage has been developing. IPv4 addresses were insufficient for the Internet. IPv6 provide 2128 address and provide sufficient IPs for the Internet. But now the software and devices are only supporting IPv4. In this paper, we developed a new UTM appliance. The proposed system considers the integration of IPv4 network and IPv6 network in the Internet.

Microvascular pericytes and perivascular fibroblasts have recently been identified as the source of scar-producing myofibroblasts that appear after injury of the kidney. We show that cross talk between pericytes and endothelial cells concomitantly dictates development of fibrosis and loss of microvasculature after injury. When either platelet-derived growth factor receptor (R)-β signaling in pericytes or vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)R2 signaling in endothelial cells was blocked by circulating soluble receptor ectodomains, both fibrosis and capillary rarefaction were markedly attenuated during progressive kidney injury. Blockade of either receptor-mediated signaling pathway prevented pericyte differentiation and proliferation, but VEGFR2 blockade also attenuated recruitment of inflammatory macrophages throughout disease progression. Whereas injury down-regulated angiogenic VEGF164, the dys-angiogenic isomers VEGF120 and VEGF188 were up-regulated, suggesting that pericyte-myofibroblast differentiation triggers endothelial loss by a switch in secretion of VEGF isomers. These findings link fibrogenesis inextricably with microvascular rarefaction for the first time, add new significance to fibrogenesis, and identify novel therapeutic targets.

Compared with the conventional least-squares-residuals method, the proposed filter type method, namely the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) filter, can achieve the goal of fast satellite failure detection in receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM). The corresponding threshold of the EWMA filter can be computed off-line via the Markov chain approximation. Some modifications made in the EWMA filter are also introduced in this paper. Simulation results show that by choosing the weighting factor properly the detection time can be considerably reduced.

In this paper, some useful properties of generalized algebraic Riccati equations and generalized positive real lemma for descriptor systems are given. Based on these results, the main purpose of this paper is to investigate the positive real (PR) control problem for descriptor systems. Necessary and sufficient conditions are derived for the solution to this problem expressed in terms of two generalized algebraic Riccati equations which may be considered to be generalizations of the Riccati equations obtained by Sun et al. (1994). When these conditions hold, state space formulae for all controllers solving the problem are also given.

In this paper, a mixed H2/H8 control problem for descriptor systems is solved via the Nash game approach. Both state feedback and static output feedback cases are examined. The control strategies are characterized by two cross-coupled generalized algebraic Riccati equations, and thus can be solved using some numerical procedures. The results obtained in this paper generalize some recent results in the literature.

In this paper, two different techniques of the Global Positioning System (GPS) are investigated to proceed the real time kinematic positioning. The first method is the carrier smoothed code (CSC) technique, in which the pseudoranges and the carrier phase observables are combined to acquire more accurate ranging measurements. In the second method, pseudorange observables are applied for initial position estimation, and carrier phase measurements are used for positioning updates. The ambiguity search (AS) technique is adopted to resolve the carrier phase's integer ambiguity problem. To verify the above algorithms, both static and kinematic experiments were conducted. In the static experiment, two Magnavox 4200 GPS receivers were located on both ends of a fixed baseline 1.21 meters in length. Compared with the steady state triple-difference solutions, the baseline length errors of the CSC and AS techniques were abouts 0.5 meters (1σ) and 0.2 meters (1σ), respectively. An unmanned boat directed to go through six pre-specified way points was used in the kinematic experiment. Two Motorola Oncore GPS receivers were installed on the boat and the on-site reference station, respectively, for relative positioning. The boat trajectories computed by the different methods are shown in the experimental results.

This paper presents two generalized matrix continued-fraction descriptions in the second Cauer form from a transfer function matrix and/or matrix fraction descriptions which may contain non-square and/or non-regular polynomial matrices. It also presents two model reduction techniques for model simplification of high-degree non-square transfer function matrices and matrix fraction descriptions. The expansion algorithms as well as the inversion algorithms for the generalized matrix continued-fraction descriptions are derived. Two model reduction techniques, which are the matrix continued-fraction expansion method and the mixed method of the matrix continued-fraction expansion method and the equivalent-dominant pole method, are developed for model simplification of multivariable control systems.

Based on the concepts of implicit system feedback, all polynomial matrix solutions to the polynomial dophantine equation are solved. The solutions are expressed in terms of a generalized state-space realization and a feedback gain. The explicit formulae for the solutions are derived in the closed form.

A general formula, originally to find the scalar partial fraction expansion (PFE) of a (scalar) rational function and the matrix-PFE of a rational transfer matrix, is generalized to find the block-PFE of a right coprime matrix fraction description (MFD) with simple and/or repeated block poles. This formula expresses the block residues explicitly in terms of the coefficient matrices of the numerator and the denominator matrix polynomials, and the left solvents of the denominator matrix polynomial. It is therefore straightforward and easy to apply, as compared with the existing methods.

A straightforward approach is presented to realize a completely singular system for in arbitrary polynomial matrix, two special coordinate farms frequently used in the analysis and design of singular systems can be simultaneous obtained.

In this paper, we propose a simple approach to analyze stability robustness of discrete-time singular systems under structured perturbations, The developed robustness criteria are then applied to solve robust regional pole-assignment problems of singular systems. A robust control design algorithm, via state feedback, is also given. The robust stability problem of singular systems is more complicated than that of regular systems, Not only stabiliti robustness but system regularity and impulse elimination should be considered simultaneously. This is the first paper, as far as we are aware, to deal with the problems about robust stability analysis and robust control design for singular systems with structured uncertainties. Although only discretetime case is discussed, several results can be directly applied to continuous-time systems as well.

GeneralHARI BEDI. Understanding the Asian Manager: Working with the Movers of the Pacific Century. North Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1991. Pp. viii, 176. Contents, preface, index. A$19.95, paper.BILL PURVES. Barefoot in the Boardroom: Venture and Misadventure in the People's Republic of China. North Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1991. Pp. ix, 178. Contents, preface, index. A$ 19.95, paper.ROBERT E. EVENSON, KARL E. PRAY and others. Research and Productivity in Asian Agriculture. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1991. Pp. vi, 384. Contents, general introduction, index. US$67.50, cloth.MARIUS B. JANSEN. China in the Tokugawa World. Cambridge and London: Harvard University Press, 1992. Pp. xi, 137. Contents, preface, illustrations, bibliographical notes, index. US$24.95, hardcover.GRAHAM PARKES, editor. Nietzsche and Asian Thought. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 1991. Pp. xii, 253. Contents, acknowledgments, abbreviations, contributors, index. US$27.50, cloth.KEIJI NISHITANI. The Self-Overcoming of Nihilism. Translated by Graham Parkes with Setsuko Aihara. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1990. Pp. xxxiv, 240. Contents, acknowledgements, abbreviations, introduction, notes on texts, preface, appendix, notes, index. US$14.95, paper.GAVIN PEEBLES. A Short History of Socialist Money. Sydney, London and Boston: Allen & Unwin, 1991. Pp. xiii, 170. Contents, figures and tables, acknowledgements, introduction and author's notes, conclusions, endnotes, references, index. A$19.95, paper; A$34.95, hardcover.GAVIN PEEBLES. Money in the People's Republic of China: A Comparative Perspective. Sydney, London and Boston: Allen & Unwin, 1991. Pp. xii, 289. Contents, figures, tables, acknowledgements, notes, China's money, appendixes, endnotes, references, index. A$45.00, hardcover.TOSHIO WATANABE. Asia: Its Growth and Agony. Honolulu: An East-West Center Book, Institute for Economic Development and Policy, 1992. Pp. xiv, 175. Contents, list of figures, list of tables, preface, index. US$16.00, paper.ChinaJUNG CHANG. Wild Swans: Three Daughters of China. London: Harper Collins Publishers, 1991. Pp. 524. Chronology, list of illustrations, index. A$39.95, hardcover.SIDNEY H. CHANG and LEONARD H.D. GORDON. All Under Heaven: Sun Yat-sen and His Revolutionary Thought. Stanford: Hoover Institution Press, Stanford University, 1991. Pp. xvii, 153. Contents, introduction, notes, bibliography, index. US$29.95, cloth; USS20.95, paper.ANNE DE COURSEY CLAPP. The Painting of Tang Yin. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1991. Pp. xix, 300. Contents, list of figures, preface, acknowledgments, appendixes, notes, bibliography, credits, index. US$49.95, cloth.KANG FAN with ZEXING SONG, KELANG ZHU, WUXIN GUO and YUANJI CHI. An Economic History of the Major Capitalist Countries: A Chinese View. Translated with an Introduction by Uldis Kruze. Armonk and London: M.E. Sharpe, 1992. Pp. viii, 318. Contents, translator's introduction, overview, notes, index. US$55.00, hardcover.JUNE GRASSO, JAY CORRIN and MICHAEL KORT. Modernization and Revolution in China. Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1991. Pp. xiii, 269. Contents, preface, acknowledgments, notes, index. A$19.95, paper.JAMES C. HSIUNG and STEVEN I. LEVINE, editors. China's Bitter Victory: The War with Japan 1937-1945. Armonk and London: M.E. Sharpe, 1992. Pp. xxv, 333. Contents, preface, contributors, introduction, bibliography, chronology, Wade-Giles-Pinyin conversion table of personal names, index. US$39.95, hardcover.ERIC C. ROLLS. Sojourners: Flowers and the Wide Sea. St. Lucia: University of Queensland Press, 1992. Pp. xi, 531. Contents, acknowledgements, preface, bibliography, index. A$49.95, hardcover.DENIS FRED SIMON and MICHAEL Y.M. KAU, editors. Taiwan: Beyond the Economic Miracle. Armonk and London: M.E. Sharpe, 1992. Pp. xxvii, 400. Contents, figure list, table list, preface, introduction, the contributors, index. US$49.95, hardcover.FREDERICK C. TEIWES. Politics at Mao's Court: Gao Gang and Party Factionalism in the Early 1950s. Armonk and London: M. E. Sharpe, 1990. Pp. xvi, 326. Preface, abbreviations, tables and photographs, appendices, notes, index. Paper.YUE-MAN YEUNG and XU-WEI HU, editors. China's Coastal Cities: Catalysts for Modernization. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1992. Pp. xvi, 330. Contents, list of illustrations, preface, contributors, conclusions and synthesis, index. US$38.00, hardcover.Japan and Northeast AsiaMONICA BRAW. The Atomic Bomb Suppressed: American Censorship in Occupied Japan. Armonk and London: M.E. Sharpe, 1991. Pp. xviii, 194. Contents, figures, preface, abbreviations, acknowledgments, notes, bibliography, index. US$35.00, hardcover.JANET GOFF. Noh Drama and the "Tale of Genji": The Art of Allusion in Fifteen Classical Plays. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1991. Pp. xiii, 296. Contents, illustrations, acknowledgments, a note on sources and abbreviations, introduction, appendixes, notes, glossary, bibliography, index. US$39.50, cloth; US$14.95, paper.RICHARD MITCHELL. Janus-Faced Justice: Political Criminals in Imperial Japan. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1992. Pp. xvi, 235. Contents, acknowledgments, introduction, notes bibliography, index. US$30.00, hardcover.South AsiaROSS BABBAGE and SANDY GORDON, editors. India's Strategic Future: Regional State or Global Power? London and Melbourne: Macmillan, 1992. Pp. xvii, 184. Contents, acknowledgements, notes on the contributors, foreword, introduction, conclusion, index. £40.00, hardcover.GARLAND CANNON. The Life and Mind of Oriental Jones: Sir William Jones, the Father of Modern Linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990. Pp. xix, 409. Contents, preface, introduction, chronology, appendix, notes, selected bibliography, index. US$49.50, hardcover.SHUDA MAZUMDAR. Memoirs of an Indian Woman. Edited by Geraldine A. Forbes. Armonk: M.E. Sharpe, 1989. Pp. xviii, 229. Preface, introduction, epilogue, glossary, photographs, index. US$20.50, hardcover.Southeast AsiaW.L. KORTHALS ALTES. Changing Economy in Indonesia: A Selection of Statistical Source Material from the Early 19th Century up to 1940. Volume 12A: General Trade Statistics 1822-1940. Amsterdam: Royal Tropical Institute, 1991. Pp. 200. Tables, bibliography, abbreviations. Dfl. 48.00, paper.ADRIAN CLEMENS, J. THOMAS LINDBLAD and JEROEN TOUWEN. Changing Economy in Indonesia: A Selection of Statistical Source Material from the Early 19th Century up to 1940. Volume 12B: Regional Patterns in Foreign Trade 1911-1940. Amsterdam: Royal Tropical Institute, 1992. Pp. 104. Tables, bibliography, abbreviations, map. Dfl. 40.00, paper.HAROLD BROOKFIELD, ABDUL SAMAD HADI and ZAHARAH MAHMUD, with the assistance of Yvonne Byron, Loene Doube, Ho Wai Suet and Abdul Latif Ibrahim. The City in the Village: The In-situ Urbanisation of Villages, Villagers and their Land around Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Singapore, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1991. Pp. xxiii, 185. Contents, preface, acknowledgements, tables, figures, abbreviations and glossary, introduction, appendix, bibliography, index. A$44.00, hardcover.RICHARD CHAUVEL. Nationalists, Soldiers and Separatists: The Ambonese Islands from Colonialism to Revolt, 1880-1950. Leiden: KITLV Press, 1990. Pp. xv, 432. Contents, acknowledgements, introduction, appendix, glossary, bibliography, index. Dfl. 45. Paper.H. DA COSTA, editor. Australian Aid to Indonesia. Annual Indonesian Lectures Series No. 16. Clayton: Centre of Southeast Asian Studies, Monash University, 1991. Pp. 79. Contents, introduction, conclusion. Paper.JOAN HARDJONO, editor. Indonesia: Resources, Ecology, and Environment. Oxford, New York and Singapore: Oxford University Press, 1991. Pp. xviii, 262. Contents, preface, tables, figures, abbreviations and glossary, contributors, bibliography, author index, subject index. A$39.95, hardcover.RUTH MCVEY, editor. Southeast Asian Capitalists. Ithaca: Southeast Asia Program, Cornell University, 1992. Pp. 218. Contents, contributors. Paper.ALISON MURRAY. No Money, No Honey: A Study of Street Traders and Prostitutes in Jakarta. Singapore, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1991. Pp. xxi, 159. Contents, acknowledgments, tables, figures, plates, abbreviations and glossary, introduction, conclusion, bibliography, index. A$29.95, hardcover.RAUL PERTIERRA, editor. Remittances and Returnees: The Cultural Economy of Migration in Ilocos. Quezon City: New Day Publications, 1992. Pp. xviii, 162. Contents, preface, introduction, tables, conclusion, pictorial, bibliography. Paper.ELLEN RAFFERTY, editor. Putu Wijaya in Performance: A Script and Study of Indonesian Theatre. Madison: Centre for Southeast Asian Studies, University of Wisconsin, 1989. Pp. viii, 163. Contents, contributors, acknowledgments, foreword, introduction. US$25.95, cloth; US$ 14.95, paper.MAILA STIVENS, editor. Why Gender Matters in Southeast Asian Politics. Monash Papers on Southeast Asia, No. 23. Clayton: Centre of Southeast Asian Studies, Monash University, 1991. Pp. iii, 123. Contents, acknowledgments, notes on contributors, bibliography. A$14.00, paper.JOHN SULLIVAN. Local Government and Community in Java: An Urban Case-Study. Singapore, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1992. Pp. xviii, 242. Contents, preface, tables, figures, maps, plates, glossary, bibligoraphy, index. A$59.95, hardcover.STEIN TONNESSON. The Vietnamese Revolution of 1945: Roosevelt, Ho Chi Minh and de Gaulle in a World at War. Oslo: International Peace Research Institute, 1991, and London: Sage Publications, 1991. Pp. xiv, 458. Hardcover.West AsiaJEAN BOTTÉRO. Mesopotamia: Writing, Reasoning, and the Gods. Translated by Zainab Bahrani and Marc Van De Mieroop. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 1992. Pp. xiv and 311. Contents, chronology, map, glossary-index, references, bibliographical orientation. US$39.95, cloth.VIBERTO SELOCHAN, editor. The Gulf War: Issues and Implications for Australia and Asia. Brisbane: Centre for the Study of Australia-Asia Relations, Griffith University, 1992. Pp. 137. Contents, list of abbreviations, notes on contributors, preface, introduction, appendixes. A$14.00, plus postage. Paper.

• GeneralGrowth, Order, and Security in the Pacific Region. Boulder: Westview Press, 1990. Pp. xv, 134. Contents, tables and figures, preface, acknowledgments, list of acronyms, discussion questions, notes, suggested readings, glossary, index. US$35.00, hardcover; US$10.95, paper.Margaret Drabble. The Gates of Ivory. Ringwood, Victoria: Viking, 1991. Pp. 464. Bibliography. $35.00, hardcover.ChinaMing K. Chan and David J. Clark, editors. The Hong Kong Basic Law: Blueprint for "Stability and Prosperity" under Chinese Sovereignty? Armonk and London: M.E. Sharpe, 1991. Pp. xv, 310. Contents, abbreviations, series general editor's foreword, acknowledgments, editors' introduction, appendices, bibliography, index. US$45.00, hardcover.Parks M. Coble. Facing Japan: Chinese Politics and Japanese Imperialism, 1931-1937. Cambridge, Mass.: Council on East Asian Studies, Harvard University, distributed by Harvard University Press, 1991. Pp. xi, 492. 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US$59.95, hardcover, US$18.95, paper.Steven W. Mosher. China Misperceived: American Illusion and Chinese Reality. New York: Basic Books, 1990. Pp. xii, 260. Notes, index. US$22.95, hardcover.Japan and Northeast AsiaDonald N. Clark, editor. Korea Briefing 1991. Boulder: Westview Press in cooperation with the Asia Society, 1991. Pp. ix, 225. Contents, preface, map, introduction, 1990: a chronology, glossary, suggestions for further reading, about the contributors, about the book, index. USS34.85, hardcover; US$14.85, paper.Chieko Irie Mulhern, editor. Heroic with Grace: Legendary Women of Japan. Armonk and London: M.E. Sharpe Inc., 1991. Pp. xvii, 326. Contents, contributors, index. US$39.95, cloth: US$15.95, paper.Virginia Skord, translator. Tales of Tears and Laughter: Short Fiction of Medieval Japan. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1991. Pp. vi, 220. Contents, introduction, suggested English language readings. US$22.95, hardcover.Sarah M. Strong, translator. Night of the Milky Way Railway: Miyazawa Kenji. A translation and guide. Illustrated by Bryn Barnard. Armonk and London: M.E. Sharpe, 1991. Pp. 196. Contents, acknowledgments, introduction, reader's guide, sources and notes, bibliography. US$17.95, hardcover.Shimazaki Toson. Chikuma River Sketches. Translated by William E. Naff. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1991. Pp. xxxii, 206. Contents, maps, acknowledgments, translator's introduction, illustrations, afterword, maps, photographs. US$25.00, hardcover.South AsiaC.A Bayly. The New Cambridge History of India II.1: Indian Society and the Making of the British Empire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990 (first published in 1988). Pp. xi, 230. Contents, list of maps, general editor's preface, preface, introduction, conclusion, glossary of Indian terms, bibliographical essay, index. A$35.00, paper.Ayesha Jalal. The State of Martial Rule: The Origins of Pakistan's Political Economy of Defence. Cambridge South Asian Series No. 46. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990. Pp. xi, 362. Contents, preface, abbreviations, map, introduction, glossary, select bibliography, index. US$99.00, cloth.Mohan Ram. Sri Lanka: The Fractured Island. New Delhi: Penguin Books, 1989. Pp. xi, 158. Contents, preface, appendices, bibliography, index. A$9.95, paper.Jonathan Spencer, editor. Sri Lanka: History and Roots of Conflict. London and New York: Routledge, 1990. Pp. xii, 253. Contents, introduction, contributors, acknowledgments, abbreviations, index. £35.00, hardback.L. Siegel. Net of Magic: Wonders and Deceptions in India. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1991. Pp. viii, 455. Contents, bibliography, list of illustrations, acknowledgments. US$19.95, paper; US$55.00, cloth.Southeast AsiaRamses Amer. The Ethnic Chinese in Vietnam and Sino-Vietnamese Relations. Kuala Lumpur: Forum, 1991. Pp. 154. Contents, preface, abbreviations, maps, introduction, references, index. 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World Bibliographical Series Number 132. Oxford: Clio Press, 1991. Pp. xxiv, 327. Contents, preface, introduction, index of authors, index of titles, index of subjects, map, bibliographies and research guides. £49.00, hardcover.Herman C. Kemp. Annotated Bibliography of Bibliographies on Indonesia. Koninklijk Instituut Voor Taal-, Land-en Volkenkunde Bibliographical Series 17. Leiden: KITLV Press, 1990. Pp. xvii, 433. Contents, foreword, introduction, list of abbreviations, sources, author index, corporate author index, subject index. Dfl.70, paper.Charles F. Keyes, editor. Reshaping Local Worlds: Formal Education and Cultural Change in Rural Southeast Asia. New Haven: Southeast Asia Studies, Yale University, 1991. Pp. vii, 223. Contents, preface, contributors, index. Paper.Max Lane. "Openness", Political Discontent and Succession in Indonesia: Political Developments in Indonesia, 1989-91. Australia-Asia Papers No. 56. Brisbane: Centre for the Study of Australia-Asia Relations, Griffith University, 1991. Pp. iii, 74. Table of contents, glossary, introduction. A$8.00, paper.Edwin Lee. The British as Rulers: Governing Multiracial Singapore 1867-1914. Singapore: Singapore University Press, 1991. Pp. xvii, 314. Contents, illustrations, abbreviations, acknowledgements, preface, introduction, glossary, select bibliography, index. S$46.00, US$32.00, paper; S$65.00, US$42.00, hardcover.Gordon P. Means. Malaysian Politics: The Second Generation. Singapore, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1991. Pp. xix, 366. Preface, contents, tables and figures, maps, abbreviations and glossary, bibliography, index. US$65.00, hardcover.Alasdair Bowie. Crossing the Industrial Divide: State, Society, and the Politics of Economic Transformation in Malaysia. New York: Columbia University Press, 1991. Pp. xvi, 222. Contents, abbreviations, acknowledgments, map, conclusion, notes, bibliography, index. US$46.00, hardcover.Philippe Regnier. Singapore: City-State in South-East Asia. London: Hurst & Company, 1991. Pp. xv, 301. Contents, foreword, introduction, conclusion, appendices, select bibliography, index, tables, maps. £27.50, hardcover.Darunee Tantiwiramond and Shashi Ranjan Pandey. By Women, For Women: A Study of Women's Organisations in Thailand. Research notes and discussions paper no. 72. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1991. Pp. x, 186. Contents, list of tables, figures, abbreviations, preface and acknowledgements, conclusions, appendices, references. US$9.00, S$17.00, paper.Carl A. Trocki. Opium and Empire: Chinese Society in Colonial Singapore, 1800-1910. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1991. Pp. xiv, 260. Contents, introduction, glossary, bibliography, index, illustrations, acknowledgments, abbreviations. US$39.95, cloth.West AsiaP.J. Vatikiotis. Islam and the State. London: Routledge, 1991. Pp. v, 136. 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A control law that maintains the closed-loop singular system regular, impulse free and asymptotically stable against arbitrary sensor failures is proposed. Synthesis method for a set of linear state feedback controllers is derived by utilizing the properties of spectral radius and matrix inequalities. In addition, the integrity design is further extended to the uncertain singular systems and to the study of retaining the stability characteristics of the given open loop system. In both cases, the tolerable perturbation bounds are all expressed explicitly.

Concerns the problems of decentralized reliable control in linear time-invariant multivariable control systems by the stable factorization approach. Decentralized reliable control is defined as the problem in which the closed-loop system remains stable in spite of failure in the interconnection between the subplants. Based on the decentralized, parametric characterization developed by Desoer and Gündes in 1988, a necessary and sufficient condition for the decentralized version of the strong stabilization problem is first proposed. Next, it is shown that the decentralized reliable stabilization problem is solvable if and only if the augmented plant is decentralized strongly stabilizable. Moreover, it is concluded that the problem of centralized reliable multiple control can be viewed as the problem of decentralized reliable stabilization of an augmented plant.

By virtue of the concepts of generalized state-space system realization and feedback, the parameterization of solutions to the Diophantine equation is easily obtained. The solutions are expressed in an explicit formula form. Hence, the matrix-manipulation software packages and existing computational algorithms can be directly employed to calculate the solutions.

This paper deals with eigenstructure assignment for controllable singular systems of the form Ex(t) = Ax(t) + Bu(t) by state feedback control of the form u(t) = Kx(t) + w(t). The development of our method depends crucially upon properties of standard form singular systems. The closed-loop system will satisfy the following requirements: regularity, impulse free response and rank E arbitrary eigenvalues assignment. The non-uniqueness of the solution, K, causes the closed-loop eigenvectors having the degree of freedom to be adjusted. One illustrative example is included.

Based on the matrix fraction description (MFD) consideration and polynomial matrix algebra, interesting results for the multivariable discrete linear quadratic regulator and optimal estimator are derived. The solutions are obtained by the spectral factorization of polynomial matrices in concise forms. The difficulties of solving the discrete algebraic Riccati equation can thus be avoided. In the derivation, some connections between the state space approach and the frequency domain approach are further investigated.

Based on the transfer function matrices or the matrix fraction descriptions of multivariable systems, a simple division method in conjunction with the method owing to Wolovich and Antsaklis (1984) is presented in this paper for obtaining the observability and controllability indices, the irreducible right (left) matrix fraction descriptions from reducible or irreducible left (right) matrix fraction descriptions, the greatest common divisors of two polynomial matrices and the solution of a Diophantine equation, without utilizing the state-space realization of the matrix Traction description.

A control law that keeps a closed-loop system asymptotically stable against arbitrary sensor failures is proposed. Systems which have such a property are said to possess integrity, and this is an inherent property of MIMO systems. The synthesis method of the linear state feedback controller and the associated upper bound for tolerable perturbations are derived utilizing the properties of the spectral radius and matrix inequalities. Compared with existing integrity design approaches, the computation load for solving the tedious matrix Lyapunov or Riccati-type equation is reduced. In addition, this design approach is further extended to an uncertain system and to retain the stability characteristics of the given open loop system. In both cases, tolerable perturbation bounds are all expressed explicitly such that the closed-loop system still possesses integrity. The simplicity and effectiveness of this method are demonstrated with two numerical examples.

Analog implementations of transfer functions are important in compensator constructions, real time simulations etc. For scalar systems, the block diagrams of the four canonical forms are well known. For multivariable systems, the associated block diagrams are still lacking. Along the lines of the canonical form realization procedures for scalar transfer functions, realizations of matrix fraction descriptions (MFDs) for multivariable systems are developed here. The physical meanings as well as the state space realizations of MFDs can be obtained from analog synthesis of multivariable systems.

ABSTRACTThe discussion of the resolvent matrix (sI-A)−1is extended to the generalized resolvent matrix (sE-A)−1where Emay be singular. The proof of the generalized Leverrier's relation for (sE-A)−1is simplified by a closed-form expression of d/ds[det(sE-A)]. For the case of A being singular, the generalized Leverrier's relation can be easily transformed to the generalized Leverrier's algorithm. For the case of both Eand Abeing singular, a new algorithm for (sE—A)−1is developed. First, the given regular pencil (sE-A) is converted to a standard pencil by a constant matrix multiplication. Then a change of variable procedure makes the computations convenient. The two matrices problems become one matrix problems after the change of variable step. Hence, the Leverrier's algorithm can be applied. Finally, the rearrangements of scalar and matrix coefficients according to explicit formulae are needed to obtain the desired solution. After (sE-A)−1has been computed, the transfer function matrix can be easily obtained. Two numerical examples are used to illustrate our works. This work can be applied to the discrete-time singular system also. The only difference is that the variable is z instead of s.

This paper deals with chained eigenstructure assignment for strongly controllable singular systems of the form Êx (t)=Â x(t)+B u(t) with state feedback control of the formu(t)=Kx(t)+w(t). The development of our method depends crucially on the properties of standard form singular systems. The closed-loop system will satisfy the following requirements: regularity, impulse-free response and rankÊ arbitrary eigenvalues assignment. This parametric characterization conveniently organizes the nonunique gain matrixK to modify the dynamic response of the systems. The result can be used for discrete-time descriptor systems, in which a zero-value eigenvalue may well be a desired closed-loop eigenvalue. One illustrative example is included.

With the shaftless driving technology used in the packaging industry,servo motor control has become increasingly demanding. Beginning with the reasons of chattering, this article proposes a new sliding mode reaching law,adding a power attenuation term in front of the variable speed item,and then affects the shaftless gravure package printing chromatography system with PMSM as the actuator, improved servo motor speed range and efficency of the shaftless driving system.At last,the simulation results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Polylactic acid, as a kind of environment-friendly material, has excellent biodegradability, biocompatibility and plasticity. In recent years, it has been widely used in medicine, packaging and other fields, but rarely in agriculture. In this study, the process of buprofezin - polylactic acid microsphere was optimized by response surface method. Changing parameters, especially the concentration of PLA and the PLA/drug ratio, can increase the encapsulation efficiency of buprofezin - PLA microspheres. Ultimately, the highest encapsulation efficiency reached to 96.47%. The result of FESEM and laser particle size distribution analyzer showed that the microspheres have smooth surface and good dispersion, with particle size of 34.2 ?m.

A tunable dual-wavelength external cavity laser diode (2-?-ECL) was used to generate tunable coherent cw-terahertz (THz) radiation by photomixing in a biased photoconductive antenna fabricated on a low-temperature-grown (LTG)-GaAs film. The 2-?-ECL oscillated at the two output modes simultaneously with a frequency separation from 250 GHz to 2.1 THz in the same cavity. We demonstrated that the frequency of the emitted THz radiation corresponded to the difference frequency between the two modes of the diode laser. The tunable 2-?-ECL, due to its compact design and ease of optical alignment, is a promising laser source for the generation of tunable cw-THz radiation by photomixing.

This paper focuses on the problems of stability and dissipativity analysis for static neural networks (NNs) with interval time-varying delay. A new augmented Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional is firstly constructed, in which the information on the activation function is taken fully into account. Then, by employing a Wirtinger-based inequality to estimate the derivative of Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional, an improved stability criterion is derived for the considered neural networks. The result is extended to dissipativity analysis and a sufficient condition is established to assure the neural networks strictly dissipative. Two numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and the advantages of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]