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The ligated boryl radical (LBR) has emerged as a potent tool for activating alkyl halides in radical transformations through halogen-atom transfer (XAT). However, unactivated alkyl chlorides still present an open challenge for this strategy. We herein describe a new activation mode of the LBR for the activation of unactivated alkyl chlorides to construct a C(sp3)–C(sp3) bond. Mechanistic studies reveal that the success of the protocol relies on a radical replacement process between the LBR and unactivated alkyl chloride, forming an alkyl borane intermediate as the alkyl radical precursor. Aided with the additive K3PO4, the alkyl borane then undergoes one-electron oxidation, generating an alkyl radical. The incorporation of the radical replacement activation model to activate unactivated alkyl chlorides significantly enriches LBR chemistry, which has been applied to activate alkyl iodides, alkyl bromides, and activated alkyl chlorides via XAT.

Polydatin, a glucoside of resveratrol, has shown protective effects against various diseases. However, little is known about its effect on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. This study aimed to elucidate whether polydatin protects liver against I/R-induced injury and to explore the underlying mechanism.

The rupture behavior of the modified 10Cr–1Mo steel multi-layer welded joint is determined by the fine-grain zones of the weld metal adjacent to the fusion line during the long-term creep test at 620 °C. The microstructures of multi-layer weld metal before and after the creep tests were characterized in detail, and its role in creep behavior was systematically investigated. Most grain boundaries of subgrains represented the low-angle boundaries in the weld metal adjacent to the fusion line both before and after the creep test. The widths of grains in the fine-grain zones were about 0.5–1 μm. The fracture morphology appeared as “wave” structure due to the cracking initiating from multi-layer grain boundaries in the fine-grain zones. Some W elements that melted into weld metal adjacent to the fusion line altered the thermodynamic and kinetic conditions of the Laves phase formation during long-term creep exposure. Laves phase particles mainly distributed along the grain boundaries due to the faster diffusion and segregation of Mo, W, and Si elements. Moreover, higher-density grain boundaries in the fine-grain zones led to easier nucleation and growth of Laves phase particles. Compared with other areas in the welded joint, the size of Laves phase particles in the fine-grain zones of the weld metal adjacent to the fusion line was the largest ones. The interface between Laves phase particles and the matrix acted as the nucleation site of creep micro-cavities. The creep micro-cavities grew up at the expense of fine-grain boundaries and even grew across the grain boundary deeply into adjacent grains, and then developed to cracks in the fine-grain zones.

A new modeling idea of interval type-2 fuzzy logic system (IT2 FLS) is proposed on the basis of matrix semitensor product (STP) fuzzy representation technique, to construct an interval type-2 fuzzy relationship matrix (IT2 FRM) model. The model naturally inherits the advantages of STP theory, which enables the fuzzy logic reasoning process to be translated into algebraic form for computation. In most cases, the fuzzy rules in the IT2 FRM are generally unknown. To address the above situation, the parameters of this model can be trained with observed data pairs. First, the fuzzy rules are generated by the space division method, and the initial parameters of the model are determined. Second, the parameters in the model are trained using the steepest descent algorithm. Finally, the IT2 FRM model is validated by simulation, and the results demonstrate that the IT2 FLS can be designed using the STP method.

Here, we report a photocatalytic charge-transfer complex (CTC) strategy for one electron reduction of alkenes using thiolate as a catalytic electron donor. This catalytic CTC system could engage hydroarylation of both activated and unactivated alkenes for the synthesis of various heterocycles. The reactions do not require any photocatalysts or acids and are easy to perform. Mechanistic studies revealed the formation of a CTC between catalytic thiolate and alkene.

Objective: This study was to examine the relationship between socioeconomic status and the incidence and mortality of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Methods: We compared the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and the ASMR to ASIR ratio (MIR) at national and regional levels and studied the correlation between the MIR and the human development index (HDI) in 2012 and 2018. Results: The highest ASIR was in North America in 2012 and in Australia in 2018, and the lowest ASIR was in Central and South Asia in both 2012 and 2018. The highest ASMR was in North Africa in both 2012 and 2018, and the lowest ASMR was in Eastern Asia and South-Central Asia in 2012 and in South-Central Asia in 2018. The lowest MIR was in Australia in both 2012 and 2018, and the highest MIR was in Western Africa in both 2012 and 2018. HDI was strongly negatively correlated with MIR (r: −0.8810, P<0.0001, 2012; r: −0.8895, P<0.0001, 2018). Compared to the 2012 data, the MIR in the intermediate HDI countries significantly deceased and the HDI in low and high HDI countries significantly increased in 2018. Conclusion: The MIR is negatively correlated with HDI. Increasing the HDI in low and intermediate HDI countries may reduce the MIR and increase the survival of patients with NHL.

To enhance the reliability of the double-row cylindrical roller bearing (DCRB), a new quasi-static model, which is capable of considering inner ring misalignment and combined loads, has been established. This model was used to calculate the distribution of internal loads and contact pressure. First, the model was verified with published data. Second, systematic parameter analyses were conducted to investigate how axial load, inner ring misalignment, and roller profile influence contact performance. The results indicate that when the bearing is subjected to a combined load, the difference between the radial loads borne by the two rows increases with the increase of axial load. The combined load and misalignment of the inner ring would cause significant changes in the numerical value and distribution of contact load and pressure between the rollers and raceways. The roller profile optimization can reduce contact pressure and alleviate the edge effect.

The global severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic requires effective therapies against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and neutralizing antibodies are a promising therapy. A noncompeting pair of human neutralizing antibodies (B38 and H4) blocking SARS-CoV-2 binding to its receptor, ACE2, have been described previously. Here, we develop bsAb15, a bispecific monoclonal antibody (bsAb) based on B38 and H4. bsAb15 has greater neutralizing efficiency than these parental antibodies, results in less selective pressure and retains neutralizing ability to most SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (with more potent neutralizing activity against the Delta variant). We also selected for escape mutants of the two parental mAbs, a mAb cocktail and bsAb15, demonstrating that bsAb15 can efficiently neutralize all single-mAb escape mutants. Furthermore, prophylactic and therapeutic application of bsAb15 reduced the viral titer in infected nonhuman primates and human ACE2 transgenic mice. Therefore, this bsAb is a feasible and effective strategy to treat and prevent severe COVID-19.

Background: The traditional open or laparoscopic segmentectomy of liver segment 7 (S7) requires exposing and controlling the root of the right hepatic vein(RHV)after full mobilization and lifting up of the right liver before liver transection. This approach violates the “no-touch” principle for malignant tumors, and makes laparoscopic resection technically challenging. So reports on isolated totally laparoscopic anatomic S7 segmentectomy have rarely been reported. This study describes our experience in laparoscopic anatomic S7 segmentectomy using in situ split along the right intersectoral and intersegmental planes of the liver. To our knowledge, this is the first description of this novel approach. Methods: From September 2017 to May 2019, patients who underwent laparoscopic anatomic S7 segmentectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma at the HPB Surgery Department, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital entered into this retrospective study. This in situ split approach was designed using main vessels as the plane markers of right intersectoral and intersegmental planes, along which liver transection was carried out. There was no need to mobilize the right liver and control the root of RHV. Results: There were 9 women and 15 men. The average diameter of the tumors on preoperative CT/MR was 3.4 cm (range 2–6 cm). All the procedures were successfully carried out laparoscopically. There was no perioperative death. The average operative time was 216.5 min (range 180–310 min). The average blood loss was 320 ml (range 120–620 ml). Pathological study showed all the operations to be R0 resections. Conclusion: Laparoscopic anatomic S7 segmentectomy using the in situ split approach resulted in R0 liver resection in all our patients with primary liver cancer. The operation was technically feasible and it provided a better view and increased maneuverability in the cramped operative space compared with the traditional open/laparoscopic approach. The approach also better complies with the “no-touch” principle for malignant tumors. Its long-term oncological outcomes require further studies.

Macrophages M2 polarization have been taken as an anti-inflammatory progression during inflammation. Natural plant-derived products, with potential therapeutic and preventive activities against inflammatory diseases, have received increasing attention in recent years because of their whole regulative effects and specific pharmacological activities. However, the molecular mechanisms about how different kinds of natural compounds regulate macrophages polarization still unclear. Therefore, in the current review, we summarized the detailed research progress on the active compounds derived from herbal plants with regulating effects on macrophages, especially M2 polarization. These natural occurring compounds including flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides, lignans, coumarins, alkaloids, polyphenols and quinones. In addition, we extensively discussed the cellular mechanisms underlying the M2 polarization for each compound, which could provide potential therapeutic strategies aiming macrophages M2 polarization.

When designing a reinforced concrete member for strength, ductility and robustness, it is essential that a sufficient length of reinforcement is developed on both sides of a critical section in a zone of tension. The specifications of the existing codes of practice for calculating the development length of reinforcement are statistically based on test data mostly from small-scale pull-out and beam specimens, and their applicability outside the range of the test data is uncertain. This paper describes an experimental research program to assess the effects of different structural parameters on the development length requirements for modern high strength steel reinforcing bars, including the case of lapped splices in large-scale reinforced concrete members in bending. The factors of safety obtained in the tests are assessed according to the Australian Standard (AS3600:2018) provisions for the anchorage length of reinforcing bars in tension and also in terms of attainable average bond stress in different anchorage conditions. The study has revealed that modification(s) to two of the coefficients included in the provisions of AS3600:2018 would provide a more consistent and reliable factor of safety for the anchorage of reinforcement in large-scale concrete members, including at lapped splice locations.

The first Pd-catalyzed multicomponent reaction of aryl iodides, alkenyl bromides, and strained alkenes has been developed, which allowed us to synthesize a variety of multisubsituted olefins in yields of 45–96% with excellent stereoselectivity. The configuration of the product was controlled by the configuration of the alkenyl bromides. Moreover, this practical methodology employing readily available substrates was found to be tolerant to a wide range of functional groups. Fifty six examples of highly stereoselective tri- or tetrasubstituted olefins have been successfully synthesized via this methodology. Most of the synthesized tetrasubstituted olefins are good aggregation-induced emission (AIE) luminogens.

AbstractGene PA4980from Pseudomonas aeruginosaencodes a putative enoyl-coenzyme A hydratase/isomerase that is associated with the function of the biofilm dispersion-inducing signal molecule cis-2-decenoic acid. To elucidate the role of PA4980in cis-2-decenoic acid biosynthesis, we reported the crystal structure of its protein product at 2.39 Å. The structural analysis and substrate binding prediction suggest that it acts as a monofunctional enoyl-coenzyme A isomerase, implicating an alternative pathway of the cis-2-decenoic acid synthesis.

This study explored the potential applications of three newly modified polymers [a linear polymer, a hydrophobic association of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HAHPAM), and a polymer–surfactant] as flooding agents in a specific oilfield. Rheological measurements were performed to examine the rheological performances of the three polymers under reservoir conditions. Their stability, viscoelasticity, and propagation properties were analyzed under simulated reservoir conditions. Propagation performance analyses were conducted in a sandpack model to study the propagation behavior of the three polymers in porous media. The results of the rheological study showed that the HAHPAM and polymer–surfactant exhibited high viscosity at low shear rates (deep reservoir), and all three showed acceptable viscosity with good injectivity at high shear rates (near wellbore area). In oscillatory deformation tests, the HAHPAM and polymer–surfactant showed a predominantly elastic behavior. The results of the propagation performance showed the linear polymer and polymer–surfactant could propagate well in porous media, whereas the HAHPAM showed poor propagation behavior. This finding contrasted with rheological tests in which the injectivity of HAHPAM was superior, with high viscosity at low shear rates. The results of the study provided insights either into matching the viscoelastic performance with propagation behavior in porous media, or upon analyzing the suitability of the polymers for flooding throughout a whole process under “from injectivity to propagation” considerations.

Duodenum-preserving total pancreatic head resection (DPPHRt) is an accepted alternative surgical procedure for benign or low-grade malignant tumors of the pancreatic head by preserving the duodenum with its intact blood supply from the pancreatic duodenal arterial arcade. This study describes our experience in laparoscopic DPPHRt (LDPPHRt). To our knowledge, this is the first description of this novel minimally invasive operation. From August 2016 to May 2017, all consecutive patients who underwent LDPPHRt for pancreatic head lesions at the HPB Surgery Department, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital in Guangzhou, China were enrolled into this retrospective study. There were ten women and two men. The average age was 37.3 years (range 8–61 years). The average diameter of the pancreatic head lesions on pre-operative CT/MR was 3.7 cm (range 2–4.8 cm). All the LDPPHRt procedures were performed successfully. There was no peri-operative death. The average operative time was 272.5 min (range 210–320 min). The average blood loss was 215 ml (range 50–450 ml). Post-operative complications included pancreatic fistula grade B (two patients, or 16.7%) and biliary fistula (two patients, or 16.7%). All the complications responded well to conservative treatment. The mean post-operative hospital stay was 11.5 days (range 6–25 days). LDPPHRt provided a minimally invasive approach with good organ-preservation for benign or low-grade malignant tumors of the pancreatic head. The long-term oncological outcomes, and the exocrine and endocrine pancreatic functions after this operation require further studies.

The control of microstructure is critical for the porous fuel particles used for infiltrating actinide nuclides. This study concerns the effect of heating processes on properties and microstructure of the fuel particles. The uniform gel precursor beads were synthesized by a microfluidic sol-gel process and then the porous CeO2microspheres, as a surrogate for the ceramic nuclear fuel particles, were obtained by heating treatment of the gel precursors. The fabricated CeO2microspheres have a narrow size distribution and good sphericity due to the feature of microfluidics. The effects of heating processes parameters, such as heating mode and peak temperatures on the properties of microspheres were studied in detail. An optimized heating mode and the peak temperature of 650°Cwere selected to produce porous CeO2microspheres. The optimized heating mode can avoid the appearance of broken or crack microspheres in the heating process, and as-prepared porous microspheres were of suitable pore size distribution and pore volume for loading minor actinide (MA) solution by an infiltration method that is used for fabrication of MA-bearing nuclear fuel beads. After the infiltration process, 1000°Cwas selected as the final temperature to improve the compressive strength of microspheres.

Wide-bandgap perovskite is considered an ideal absorber for the top component cell of a tandem configuration, in addition to having proven advantageous for indoor light conversion and semitransparent solar cells. In this work, we demonstrate an ambient aging process that appears to further raise the performance of wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells. Systematic study shows that that secondary recrystallization arises during the aging process. The defect density is further attenuated by air passivation and the self-healing effect induced by halogen redistribution. As such, the nonradiative recombination in the perovskite films is suppressed, and the carrier lifetime is prolonged during the ambient aging. The champion wide-bandgap (Eg=1.74 eV) perovskite solar cell delivered a power-conversion efficiency as high as 20.12%, coupled with a high open-circuit voltage of 1.27 V, which is among the highest values reported for this type of wide-bandgap solar cells. This work reveals the impact of the air aging process on the properties of perovskite films from various aspects and demonstrates a scalable post-treatment strategy capable of producing state-of-the-art semiconducting films.

•We identified 44 (28.4%, 44/155) mcr-1positive E. coliisolates from aquatic products, which may be included in human diets.•Most isolates were multi-resistance, indicating the risk of E. colicarrying mcrstill.•One E. colistrain possessed mcr-1gene at two loci on the chromosome.

A series of two-dimensional polyimide covalent organic frameworks (2D COF) based on core-substituted naphthalene diimides (cNDIs) were designed and synthesized with the characteristic of tunable bandgap without global structural changes. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and DFT calculations indicated that COFcNDI-OEtand COFcNDI-SEtpossess higher HOMO/LUMO levels and narrower bandgaps than COFNDI-H. Further investigation indicated that the COF bandgaps are not only related to the electron-donating substituents but also varied with respect to the interlayer distances. Moreover, the femtosecond transient absorption (TA) spectra manifested that the electron donor substituents are beneficial to the charge delocalization in the π-columnar unit, resulting in a longer lifetime of charge recombination, which is one of the pivotal prerequisites for high-performance solar cells and photocatalysis.

Phthalocyanine coated crosslinked electrospun PVA/PAA nanofibers were prepared via electrospinning and esterification reaction. The structure of the as-prepared hybrid nanofibers were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectra, scan electron microscopy and UV–visiable absorption spectroscopy. Their photocatalytic activities were evaluated by the degradation of rhodamine B under visible light, and results showed that it exhibited high activity for degradation of rhodamine B in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The recycling test was also carried out to prove its reusability in photocatalytic application

Li2TiO3is one of the most promising candidates among tritium breeders. In this work, Li2TiO3pebbles with a narrow size distribution, high density, small grain size, and good sphericity are synthesized using the commercial Li2TiO3powder as the raw material by a co-flow capillary-based microfluidic wet process. Highly uniform slurry droplets containing Li2TiO3powder and polyvinyl alcohol were formed in the microfluidic device and then solidified with the cross-linking reaction between polyvinyl alcohol and borax. Li2TiO3pebbles were finally obtained after sintering the green bodies. The size of sintered Li2TiO3pebbles with a good sphericity (Dmax/Dmin< 1.05) can be controlled precisely in a size range of 400–1000 µm by adjusting the flow rate of disperse and continuous phases. The effects of the calcination method, sintering condition, solid content of slurry, and the particle size of Li2TiO3powder on the relative density of Li2TiO3pebbles prepared were studied in detail, and 97.16% T.D. (Theoretical Density) maximum relative density of the pebbles with 5 µm grain size were fabricated.

AbstractThe transmutation concept of minor actinide (MA)–bearing nuclear fuel plays an important role in managing highly radioactive waste. A facile route combining the sol-gel process and microfluidic technology was presented to fabricate Ce/Eu oxide microspheres as a surrogate for plutonium-based MA-bearing nuclear fuel. Uniform Ce/Eu oxide microspheres with a varied Eu content (7.90%, 13.00%, and 17.56%) were successfully fabricated using the co-sol-gel method. The prepared microspheres had a narrow size distribution (coefficient of variance < 2%) and excellent sphericity (dmax/dmin< 1.09). The Ce and Eu elements were shown to have a relatively homogeneous distribution in the microspheres through energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy mapping images. Thermal behavior analysis, microstructure observation, and crystalline structure analysis were conducted systematically. The X-ray diffraction patterns showed one cubic lattice structure for all of the samples.

The catalytic exchange of hydrogen isotopes between hydrogen and water has been known to be a very useful process for the separation of tritium from tritiated water. For the process, a highly active hydrophobic catalyst is needed. This study provides an effective fabrication method of size-controlled platinum/poly[styrene-divinylbenzene-tri(propylene glycol) diacrylate] [Pt/poly(SDB-TPGDA)] hydrophobic catalyst beads with a narrow size distribution. Platinum nanoparticles were prepared by γ-ray-induced reduction in the aqueous phase first, and then uniformly dispersed in SDB-TPGDA comonomer after the hydrophobization of platinum nanoparticles with alkylamine stabilizers. The porous Pt/poly(SDB-TPGDA) hydrophobic catalyst beads were synthesized by the UV-initiated polymerization of the mixture droplets prepared in a capillary-based microfluidic system. The size of as-prepared catalyst beads can be controlled in the range of 200–1,000 μm by adjusting the flow rate of dispersed and continuous phases, as well as the viscosity of the continuous phase. Sorbitan monooleate and cyclohexanol were used as coporogens to control the porosities of the catalyst beads.

On-orbit service technology can extend the working life of the spacecraft, and improve the ability to perform various tasks. Docking mechanism is the key equipment of the space docking. The cushion performance of the system determines the dynamic characteristics in the docking process, and it is one of the important factors influencing the docking success or not. It is established that mathematical modeling of the new grasping mechanism in the buffering process, due to lack of the experiment equipments, the dynamic simulation on computer is an effective method to test and verify the parameters or evaluate the performance of the buffer system designed. Simulation analysis is conducted to get the corresponding buffer force for four different sets of buffer parameter, and it provides important basis for docking cushioning structure optimization.

Porosity-controlled nuclear fuel microsphere is an essential material of fabricating minor actinide-bearing dispersion-type nuclear fuel with the infiltration processes. In this paper, monodisperse and size-controlled spherical oxide nuclear fuel particles with size range of 20μm to 800μm were fabricated by means of microfluidic technology combined with sol-gel process using cerium as a surrogate for plutonium. The porous CeO2 beads with the density range of 25% to 93% T.D. were successfully prepared by the addition of polyethylene glycol 6000 used as a porogen to the feed broth. The uniform U3O8 beads were also prepared at the same experimental conditions as CeO2 beads prepared, which shows the feasibility of the method for fabricating size-controlled monodisperse nuclear fuel beads.

A failure investigation for a diesel engine crankshaft has been conducted which was used for truck in this paper, which is made from 42CrMo steel. The fracture occurred on the crank web between the 4th crankpin and the 4th journal, the fracture section indicates that fatigue is the dominant mechanism. The dimensions, chemical compositions of material and surface hardness were evaluated in order to find the failure causes. Chemical compositions, the depth of hardness layer and surface hardness are qualified; however, there are transition zone of hardness layer on the journal boss fillet, the dimensions of journal boss is not qualified, it less than specified dimension, and many non-metallic inclusions aggregate zones and heavy segregation were found from metallographic photo, these would reduce the tensile strength. FEA analysis is also used to analysis the strength of this crankshaft, and the results suggest that the dimension of journal boss fillet is the key dimension, which has an important effect on the strength of the crankshaft. So the disqualified machining dimensions, material property are the main reasons for the fraction of this crankshaft.

With the increasing scale of software system, the interaction between software elements becomes more and more complex, which lead to the increased dirty data in running software system. This may reduce the system performance and cause system collapse. In this paper, we proposed a discovery method of the dirty data transmission path based on complex network. Firstly, the binary file is decompiled and the function call graph is drawn by using the source code. Then the software structure is described as a weighted directed graph based on the knowledge of complex network. In addition, the dirty data node is marked by using the power-law distribution characteristics of the scale-free network construction of complex network chart. Finally, we found the dirty data transmission path during software running process. The experimental results show the transmission path of dirty data is accurate, which confirmed the feasibility of the method.

In this paper, we combine the complex network theory and the traditional software structure metrology to propose a new model for the study of the structural characteristics of the software---- Multi-dimensional measurement model of the software structure properties. The multi-dimensional measurement model of the software structure properties is divided into three parts. Each part has their own properties. In this model, the system is abstracted into a network model in the first step. Then we design the metric parameters considering both the complex network theory and the Object-Oriented software research and also give the definition and calculation method of these metric parameters. And on this basis we use the advantages of eclipse and complex network simulation tool pajek to calculate the metrics parameters designed before. Then give explanation to the experimental results which can demonstrate the reliability of the new model, which has also made a solid foundation for the following study of the software structure properties.

The measurement of deformation of one diesel engine water cooling cylinder liner under free condition and assembly load case is carried out by V-INCOMETER testing system. The basic principles of radial deformation for this cylinder liner are obtained through the test data Fourier transformation. And the affect principles of cylinder liner original distort, which results from mechanical machining and heat treatment process, to the cylinder liner assembly deformation are carried out.

The issue on finding an effective evaluation method on software structural stability is rarely touched upon in software security research. An assessment method of software microstructural stability was developed by Khalil in 2002. A new evaluation method on software structural stability is proposed in this paper, which is based on Motifs according to the theory of complex networks. Average shortest path length comparison and clustering coefficient with degree distribution are used in the method, in which the key evaluation indexes are used to analyze software structural stability. The comparison experiments have been done between the proposed method and Khalil’s method. 10 real software systems of different sizes and types are selected in the experiments to verify the proposed evaluation method. The result shows that the proposed method is correct and effective.

As a new technology, cloud computing brings a change to business models and ways of working and provides convenience to the way that people work, study and life. User data of cloud computing are stored in the "cloud". The loss of data and the disclosure of privacy will give users a significant loss, so that people are increasingly concerned about its security. The industry of cloud computing has a huge market growth prospects, but compared to other security products, cloud computing access risks exist in the data integrity, data recovery, and privacy, and risks of safety assessment in electronic services, business compatibility and third-party audit regulations.

For logistics and transport in digital manufacturing environment security status quo, study and proposed transportation security risk evaluation index system; using whitening weight function design specific transportation security risk assessment model; verified by an example, that the evaluation method is more scientific and accurate comprehensive evaluation transportation security situation, with the characteristics of the feasibility and operability.

Few studies have specifically examined the efficacy of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2)/absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) in posterolateral lumbar spine fusion. The purpose of this study was to report the clinical outcomes in elderly patients treated with posterior C1–C2 fusion with iliac crest bone graft (ICBG) plus rhBMP-2/ACS vs ICBG alone. One hundred forty patients older than 60 years were enrolled in this prospective, randomized trial and underwent instrumented C1–C2 fusion. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on fusion material. The ICBG group comprised patients who received ICBG alone, and the rhBMP-2/ACS group comprised patients who received ICBG plus rhBMP-2/ACS. The groups were compared based on operative time, estimated blood loss, hospital length of stay, clinical results, perioperative complications, fusion rate, fusion time, and revision rate. There were no significant differences in operative time, estimated blood loss, length of stay, and intraoperative complications between the 2 groups. Improvements in visual analog scale scores and Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores over the 2-year follow-up period were similar between groups. The fusion rate was 82.4% (56 of 68) in the rhBMP-2/ACS group and 78.7% (52 of 66) in the ICBG group (Few studies have specifically examined the efficacy of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2)/absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) in posterolateral lumbar spine fusion. The purpose of this study was to report the clinical outcomes in elderly patients treated with posterior C1–C2 fusion with iliac crest bone graft (ICBG) plus rhBMP-2/ACS vs ICBG alone. One hundred forty patients older than 60 years were enrolled in this prospective, randomized trial and underwent instrumented C1–C2 fusion. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on fusion material. The ICBG group comprised patients who received ICBG alone, and the rhBMP-2/ACS group comprised patients who received ICBG plus rhBMP-2/ACS. The groups were compared based on operative time, estimated blood loss, hospital length of stay, clinical results, perioperative complications, fusion rate, fusion time, and revision rate. There were no significant differences in operative time, estimated blood loss, length of stay, and intraoperative complications between the 2 groups. Improvements in visual analog scale scores and Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores over the 2-year follow-up period were similar between groups. The fusion rate was 82.4% (56 of 68) in the rhBMP-2/ACS group and 78.7% (52 of 66) in the ICBG group (P=.782). Mean fusion time was 11 days shorter in the rhBMP-2/ACS group (81.8±29.4 days) than in the ICBG group (92.9±23.7 days) (P=.034). There were more wound complications requiring treatment in the rhBMP-2/ACS group (n=6; 8.8%) than in the ICBG group (n=2; 3.0%), although this was not statistically significant (P=.118). The use of rhBMP-2/ACS for posterior C1–C2 fusion appears to result in a relatively shorter fusion time, but there may be an increased risk of posterior cervical wound complications.

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and TGF-β3 have been reported to exert differential effects on wound healing, and possibly even account for tissue-specific differences in scar formation. Scarring is particularly detrimental in the vocal fold mucosa (VFM), where destruction of the native extracellular matrix causes irreparable biomechanical changes and voice impairment. Here, in a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments, we identified differences in TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 transcription and immunolocalization to various cell subpopulations in naïve and injured rat VFM, compared with oral mucosa (which undergoes rapid healing with minimal scar) and skin (which typically heals with scar). Treatment of cultured human vocal fold fibroblasts with TGF-β3 resulted in less potent induction of profibrotic gene transcription, extracellular matrix synthesis and fibroblast-myofibroblast differentiation, compared with treatment with TGF-β1 and TGF-β2. Finally, delivery of exogenous TGF-β3 to rat VFM during the acute injury phase modulated the early inflammatory environment and reduced eventual scar formation. These experiments show that the TGF-β isoforms have distinct roles in VFM maintenance and repair, and that TGF-β3 redirects wound healing to improve VFM scar outcomes in vivo.

Partial tin replacement of lead is expected to be an effective means to fine‐tune the bandgap of Sn–Pb alloyed lead‐halide perovskite to harvest near‐infrared light and thus further increase the efficiency of solar cells based on it, in particular for use as a bottom component cell in the tandem cell design to break through the theoretical Shockley–Queisser (S–Q) limit of the single‐junction solar cells. However, the efficiency of Sn–Pb alloyed perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is still lower than expected owing to the easy oxidation of Sn2+. Herein, a reducing agent 4‐hydrazinobenzoic acid is developed as an additive to suppress the oxidation of Sn2+and, meanwhile, passivate surface defects. It is found that the optoelectronic performance of Sn–Pb alloyed perovskites is improved as evidenced by the mitigated trap state density and suppressed nonradiative recombination. As a result, the Sn–Pb alloyed PSC efficiency is increased to 21.09%, one of the highest for cells with this bandgap. It is expected that this method is applicable for general Sn–Pb‐based perovskite optoelectronics. A novel reducing agent named 4‐hydrazinobenzoic acid to suppress the oxidation of Sn2+and passivate the surface defects of tin–lead alloyed perovskite. As a result, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of tin–lead alloyed perovskite solar cells is obviously increased. Finally, the devices achieve a high PCE of 21.09% along with great reproducibility.

This paper briefly introduces a smart control system for power consuming network and its front-end sub-system. The front-end sub-system is developed on the Android platform, which consists of several Android applications. This paper briefly introduces the Android platform, describes the design and development of the Zigbee-based front-end sub-system of the smart control system for power consuming network, and finally gives several screen shots of the application interface.

Surface hardening intergal molding valve seat of a vermicular cast Iron was done by Nd:YAG high power laser. The effect of laser parameters on microstructure, hardness and surface quality were conducted by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) ,optical microscopy (OM) and microhardness tester. The results show that The hardening layer of free defect can be obtained with suitable laser processing conditions. The shape of crescent can be observed in the laser hardening layer.The hardening layer consists of melted zone and heat-affected zone.Ledeburite, martensite and remainder austenite can be observed in the melted zone.The heat-affected zone consists of martensite and remainder austenite with retained vermicular graphite.Laser hardening layer has no-uniformity distribution of rigidity due to no-equilibrium calefaction and cooling.The defect of sunen disfigurement can be restrained by reducing heat-input in the ending zone.

In modern subway train is moving automation, comfortable, high-speed in the direction of rapid development. Compared with the traditional subway columns, modern trains need more and more electronic technology to complete the train control equipment and frequent communication between devices will generate a large amount of data exchange. Central node system to be able to fast, secure and efficient data transmission and data processing, and developed for the subway train cycle data-oriented and high-cycle test data highly reliable real-time task scheduling technique is also important to deal with this system techniques.

Magnesium-based hydrogen storage materials were prepared by reactive milling of magnesium under hydrogen atmosphere with crystallitic carbon, prepared from anthracite coal, as milling aid. The XRD analysis shows that in the presence of 30 wt.% of crystallitic carbon, the Mg easily hydrided into β-MgH2 of crystal grain size 29.7 nm and a small amount of γ-MgH2 after 3 h of milling under 1 MPa H2. The enthalpy and entropy changes of the hydrogen desorption reaction are 42.7 kJ/mol and 80.7 J/mol K, respectively, calculated by the vant Hoff equation from the p-C-T data in 300-380 oC.

A two-phase hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME) by coupling with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was developed to analyze malachite green (MG) in environmental water. In this method, 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([C8MI[PF6]) was selected as extraction agent, and several parameters (sample pH, salinity, extraction time, shaking rate, volume of donor phase) that could affect extraction performance were investigated. Under the optimal extraction conditions (sample pH, 5; salinity, 4% sodium chloride; extraction time, 6 h; shaking rate, 200 rpm; volume of donor phase, 200 mL), the established method showed excellent characters as: high enrichment factor (1193), wide linear range (0.2-100 μg L-1), low detection limit (0.1 μg L-1), good reproducibility (relative standard deviation, RSD 8.4%, n= 5) and satisfactory recovery (102.8%, n= 5). The approach was applied in real water samples analysis, which indicated that it has great potentials for rapidly monitoring low concentration of MG in environmental waters.

Mg-based hydrogen storage material was prepared by ball milling, and then the material was used to react with CS2. The morphology and hydrogen desorption properties of the hydrogen storage material as well as the CS2 hydrogenation product were analyzed. Results show that in situ hydrogenation and desulfurization of CS2 happens with the MgH2 in the hydrogen storage material as hydrogen donator and desulfurizer at 300 oC and ordinary pressure, and MgS, CH4 and H2S are generated from the reaction. There is a coupling relationship between dehydrogenation of the hydrogen storage material and hydrogenation of CS2. The addition of nickel and molybdenum show negative effect on the sulfur fixation capability of the Mg-based hydrogen storage material though they could decrease the dehydrogenation temperature of the material.

In this study, a light tracked vehicle powertrain plant as a research platform, do simulation and experimental studies for upshift dynamic process of the tracked vehicle, study the effect that using active control strategy for the integration of the tracked vehicle impact on ride comfort and acceleration. The results show that in the upshifting process, active reduction of engine oil control can improve vehicle ride comfort, but the increase by reducing fuel consumption and reduce the reducing time will lead to increase shift smoothness and increase upshift power loss.

A postal assisted bicycle frame is designed according to the demands of the market. And the three-dimensional modeling software is used to establish the three-dimensional model of the bicycle. Using the model of the bicycle and combined with the actual riding positions, the mechanical properties of the bicycle are analyzed by the software of finite element analysis under different riding situations. According to the analysis results, the size of the bicycle frame is changed to improve the mechanical properties of the bicycle. And these changes receive a very good result from the final analysis of the postal assisted bicycle.

Data is the basis for cyber security research. Correct understanding and rapid access to rich and reliable data is a good beginning of our research work. In this paper we present a novel classification method of cyber security data. In addition, we collect and list some datasets, which can better help you to carry out research.

The objective of this work is to develop a novel dialysis process for the isolation of phosvitin from hen egg yolk avoiding the use of organic solvents and polyvalent metals. This bioseparation process consists of NaCl precipitation, heat treatment and dialysis, which was proposed on the basis of the property difference (especially solubility and thermostability) among yolk proteins. The native molecular mass of the purified phosvitin estimated by fast protein liquid chromatography on a Superdex 75 column was about 165 kDa. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis showed two bands around 35 kDa. The nitrogen to phosphorus atomic ratio of the purified phosvitin was 2.8 ± 0.2, with a yield of 87.1%. The phosvitin product had α-helix of 36%, β-sheet of 28% and random coil of 36% at pH 7.0, consistent with the literature values. This shows that the purified phosvitin folded with a reasonable secondary structure.

Thermal conductivity was the main thermal parameter that greatly influenced temperature distribution of materials especially in coatings. Some materials such as plasma-sprayed coatings that had a lamellar microstructure displayed the anisotropy of thermal conductivity. Thermal conductivities of isotropy and anisotropy metallic ceramic coatings were calculated and analyzed using Markworth method and parallel plate model, respectively. The influence of anisotropy on heat transfer and temperature distribution of coatings using finite element analysis and Gaussian heat source modal applied locally was investigated. Results showed that in anisotropic coatings the ratio of transverse and vertical thermal conductivity had a maximum value when metal volume fraction was 50%. The temperatures on the edge of heat sources (Th) had a maximum value, and the highest temperatures of substrate (Ts) had a minimum value with the same fraction. The value decreased by 79℃ compared to that in the isotropy coatings. The highest temperatures of coatings (Tc) decreased expectedly with metal volume fraction rised. The maximum width of heat affected zone (HAZ) of coating and substrate was 4.52 mm at the metal content of 40%. The minimum HAZ depth was 0.27mm which was very small at the content of 50%, compared with 1.25 mm in isotropic coatings. It revealed that anisotropic conductive properties caused more heat transfer to outer regions and provided better protection for substrate.

The effect of K418 and 42CrMo dissimilar metal laser welding velocity, temperature of post-weld heat treatment on controlling formation of laves phase were investigated. Microstructure and laves phase were characterized by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).Results showed that Laves phase formed in the interdendritic regions of the weld metals as a result of segregation. The morphology and composition of Laves phase depended strongly on heat input/cooling rate and influenced its response to subsequent homogenization post-weld heat treatment.