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The fields of nanotechnology and nanomedicine have undergone a revolution. There has been a striking rise in authorized nanomedicines since 1980. Apart from functioning as therapeutic agents, they also act as carriers for delivering various active pharmaceuticals to target organs. The ultimate goal of nanomedicine has always been the generation of translational technologies that can improve current therapies. Nanocrystals, nanotubes, liposomes, exosomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, and metallic and magnetic nanoparticles are examples of nanostructures that are now in the market as well as in ongoing research. The preparation of these nanomaterials requires consideration of a number of difficulties. Only a few of these nanomaterials were successful in obtaining marketing permission after passing all required toxicological and ethical evaluations and making them affordable to users and, at the same time, profitable to investors. Cancer, central nervous system (CNS) diseases, and cardiovascular (CVS) diseases represented the primary targets of nanotechnology applied to medicine. Therefore, this review article is focused on providing a summary of several nano-based delivery systems, including their limitations and prospects in different therapeutic fields.

Wound infections impose a remarkable clinical challenge that has a considerable influence on morbidity and mortality of patients, influencing the cost of treatment. The unprecedented advancements in molecular biology have come up with new molecular and cellular targets that can be successfully applied to develop smarter therapeutics against diversified categories of wounds such as acute and chronic wounds. However, nanotechnology-based diagnostics and treatments have achieved a new horizon in the arena of wound care due to its ability to deliver a plethora of therapeutics into the target site, and to target the complexity of the normal wound-healing process, cell type specificity, and plethora of regulating molecules as well as pathophysiology of chronic wounds. The emerging concepts of nanobiomaterials such as nanoparticles, nanoemulsion, nanofibrous scaffolds, graphene-based nanocomposites, etc., and nano-sized biomaterials like peptides/proteins, DNA/RNA, oligosaccharides have a vast application in the arena of wound care. Multi-functional, unique nano-wound care formulations have acquired major attention by facilitating the wound healing process. In this review, emphasis has been given to different types of nanomaterials used in external wound healing (chronic cutaneous wound healing); the concepts of basic mechanisms of wound healing process and the promising strategies that can help in the field of wound management.

Compromised stability of pharmaceutical formulations loaded with volatiles is a serious problem associated with devices designed to deliver volatile compounds. The present study has been focused to evaluate the stability potential of matrix-type polymeric patches composed of volatile ethyl anthranilate for prophylaxis against vector-borne diseases. Ethyl anthranilate-loaded matrix-type polymeric patches were fabricated by solvent evaporation method on an impermeable backing membrane and attached to temporary release liners. Stability testing of the polymeric patches was performed as per the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines for 6 months under accelerated conditions. In addition, the quantification of residual solvents was also performed as per the ICH guidelines. After conducting the stability studies for 6 months, the optimized patches showed the best possible results with respect to uniformity of drug content, physical appearance, and other analytical parameters. Furthermore, the amount of residual solvent was found well below the accepted limit. Thus, the present report outlined the analytical parameters to be evaluated to ensure the stability of a certain devices consisting of volatile compounds.

The synthesized aerosolized biodegradable atropine loaded nanoparticle (ANP) and its influence on lung hyperresponsiveness, obstruction, and inflammation was investigated in adult Wistar rats. ANP was synthesized with biodegradable polymers-poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) and poly ethylene glycol and characterized. Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of ANP and atropine sulphate powder were evaluated in lung hyperresponsive followed by lung obstructed experimental rats. ANP size ranges from 88.30 ± 7.54 nm and showed excellent pharmacokinetics over atropine dry powder Cmax(μg/mL) (4.9 ± 0.92 vs 3.5 ± 0.95), t1/2(min) (266.90 ± 24.51 vs 125.44 ± 18.90). ANP inhibits inflammatory cytokines, reduced shallow breath and normalized the tidal volume of hyperresponsiveness and obstructed lung. Further, treatment with ANP for 18 days improved the progressive airway obstruction and reduced collagen deposition. Thus, ANP delivered as nanoparticle to lungs improves the airway surfaces of the lung and ameliorated lungs hyperresponsiveness, obstruction and inflammation.