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This paper draws on two Brazilian projects, ‘Ditamapa’ and ‘Sobre o rio’ [‘About/Above the River’], that operate in the temporalities and spatialities of the city and connects them with the work of toponymy; that is, place-naming as a way of producing memory. The two initiatives were conceived by Brazilian researchers and visual artists to question, in different ways, the intersection between memory and visibility in public, urban, and everyday spaces. We analyse the act of naming streets as a narrative which intersects with institutionalized memory, inscribing power relations and socialized memories, causing a certain friction in temporalities of the city and in the memory that is linked to official toponymy. As noted, both of the projects analysed trigger memory in order to de-establish official narratives and memories through urban practices that promote sustainability in social spheres.

Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection profoundly affects women living with HIV (WLWH). This infection leads to cervical cancer (CC) and increased mortality.Methods This study monitored HPV infection in WLWH in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, before (T1) and after (T2) 4 years of vaccination. HPV genotyping and the presence of intraepithelial lesions were investigated at both time points.Results Among the 156 WLWH who received the quadrivalent HPV vaccine (4vHPV) at T1, 30 (19.2%) were initially found to have HPV DNA. After vaccination, only three (7%) of those who were HPV-negative at T1 tested positive for HPV. Most women who tested positive for HPV DNA at T1 had normal Pap smear results. However, this cohort also demonstrated a significant increase in cases of atypical squamous cells of uncertain significance and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in PCR-negative HPV DNA samples at T2 (p< .01). Conversely, women who initially tested negative for HPV DNA continued to exhibit normal Pap smear results in 2018 (p< .01).Conclusions This study highlights the persistence of HPV in WLWH despite vaccination and underscores the importance of continued molecular and cytologic screening. The findings enhance our understanding of vaccine effectiveness in this population and emphasize the need for tailored preventive strategies.

Campylobacteriosis is among the most reported zoonoses in the world, caused by species of Campylobacter, this disease is characterized by gastroenteritis in humans. The main species involved is Campylobacter jejuni, followed by Campylobacter coli. Contaminated chicken meat is often identified as an important source of infection related to human cases and Brazil is the largest exporter of chicken meat in the world, which makes the characterization of brazilian isolates crucial for the establishment of control measures. The objective was to evaluate the contamination of chilled and frozen carcasses sold in the Northeast of Brazil, by Campylobacterspecies, identify virulence genes, evaluate bacterial resistance to antibiotics and verify the antimicrobial action of the Crude Extract Containing Enterocins (CECE) produced by a probiotic strain of Enterococcus faecium. In this study, 12 chilled carcasses and 12 frozen carcasses were collected, sold retail in supermarkets. The following regions of the carcass were sampled: breast skin, wing skin, belly skin, neck skin, gizzard and liver. Samples of chicken carcasses were analyzed following ISO 10272-2 guidelines for the isolation of Campylobacterspp. The isolates were tested by PCR to identify genus, species C. jejuni, C. coliand C. lariand genes cdtA, cdtB, cdtC, sodB, dnaJ, cmeA, cmeB, cmeC. The assessment of susceptibility to antibiotics was carried out using the standard disk diffusion method and the antimicrobial activity of CECE was determined using the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), the methodologies followed the recommendations and cutoff points according to EUCAST and CLSI. A total of 376 isolates of Campylobacterspp. were obtained, among these, 26 (7.0%) were positive for C. jejuniand no isolates were detected for C. coliand C. lari. The highest frequency of C. jejuniwas obtained in chilled carcasses with 23 isolates (88.5%, p< 0.0001), in frozen carcasses three isolates were obtained (11.5%). The most frequency site of C. jejuniwas the chest skin (7/27.0%), followed by skin of the wing (6/23.0%), skin of the cloaca (5/19.0%), gizzard (4/15.0%), skin of the neck (2/8.0%) and liver (2/8.0%), no significant differences were found between the sites sampled. The gene frequency was determined in: cdtA(3/11.5%), cdtB(3/11.5%), cdtC(5/19.0%), sodB(9/34.5%), dnaJ(3/11.5%), cmeA(4/15.0%), cmeB(4/15.0%) and cmeC(4/15.0%). The three efflux pump genes were amplified in four isolates (15.3%) and all tested genes were amplified in three isolates (11.5%). All C. jejuniisolates (26/100.0%) were found to be multiresistant to three or more classes of antimicrobials. The index of multiple resistance to antimicrobial drugs (IRMA) ranged from 0.4 to 1.0 among isolates of C. jejuni. The antimicrobial activity of CECE was able to inhibit at least 98.5% of the growth of all C. jejuniisolates. Therefore, chilled chicken carcasses present a greater risk of contamination than frozen carcasses, for this reason it is necessary to adopt practices that avoid cross-contamination during the preparation of chicken meat, in order to prevent campylobacteriosis. Furthermore, the presence of multiresistant and potentially virulent isolates highlights the need for further investigations to better understand the use of enterocins as alternative methods in the control of Campylobacter.

Changes in the soil fertility, physiological traits, and fruit quality of Morinda citrifoliawere investigated between January 2012 and December 2020. Soil samples, physiological properties, and fruits of M. citrifoliawere collected in a factorial scheme 2 × 2 × 2, with the use of intercropping with Musaspp., mulching, and biofertilization (e.g., presence and absence) within five blocks. We evaluated soil reaction (pH), P by Melich-1, soil exchangeable cations, potential acidity (H++ Al3+), sum of bases, CEC, SOC, Fm, F0, Fv, Fv/F0,Fv/Fm, photochemical quenching, non-photochemical quenching, apparent electron transport rate, firmness, refractometric index, soluble sugar content, acidity, ascorbic acid, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and fruit mineral content. Our results emphasized the influence of agroecological practices on soil chemical properties, plant physiological traits, and fruit quality of M. citrifolia. The combined use of intercropping, mulching, and biofertilization showed high values of soil pH, available P, Mg2+, electron transport rate, firmness, ascorbic acid, antioxidant activity, fruit Zn content, and fruit Na content and low values of Ca2+and K+under field conditions. The results of this study highlight the importance of considering agroecological practices as promoters of fruit quality, and thus improving fruit properties with high importance for human mental health, fruit palatability, fruit development, fruit postharvest storage, and redox state of the human body.

The paper discusses the attenuation of rotor angle oscillations in micro-synchronous generators in the presence of a fault, operating near PV generation units following a proposed control scheme. The X/R ratio is lower in distribution systems, making power transfer more difficult, especially during conditions of rapid active power delivery. In this context, this paper proposes a post-fault active power recovery scheme to be applied to PV units in a distribution system, specifically designed to act during severe disturbances. The proposed control scheme implements a DC voltage reference ramp during the active power recovery stage of the PV unit, aiming to prevent a sudden increase in the inverter’s active power output. In distribution systems with limited transfer capacity, the increased active power of the inverter could flow into the synchronous machine, leading to an increase in rotor angle oscillations-a phenomenon not observed in a high-voltage transmission grid. The proposed scheme is experimentally tested, comparing its performance against low-voltage ride-through (LVRT) requirements established by various grid codes. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme in reducing synchronous machine post-fault rotor angle oscillations, performing better when compared to control schemes mandated by various grid codes.

Dataset scaling, a.k.a. normalization, is an essential preprocessing step in a machine learning (ML) pipeline. It aims to adjust the scale of attributes in a way that they all vary within the same range. This transformation is known to improve the performance of classification models. Still, there are several scaling techniques (STs) to choose from, and no ST is guaranteed to be the best for a dataset regardless of the classifier chosen. It is thus a problem- and classifier-dependent decision. Furthermore, there can be a huge difference in performance when selecting the wrong technique; hence, it should not be neglected. That said, the trial-and-error process of finding the most suitable technique for a particular dataset can be unfeasible. As an alternative, we propose the Meta-scaler, which uses meta-learning (MtL) to build meta-models to automatically select the best ST for a given dataset and classification algorithm. The meta-models learn to represent the relationship between meta-features extracted from the datasets and the performance of specific classification algorithms on these datasets when scaled with different techniques. Our experiments using 12 base classifiers, 300 datasets, and five STs demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the approach. When using the ST selected by the Meta-scaler for each dataset, 10 of 12 base models tested achieved statistically significantly better classification performance than any fixed choice of a single ST. The Meta-scaler also outperforms state-of-the-art MtL approaches for ST selection. The source code, data, and results from the experiments in this article are available at a GitHub repository (https://github.com/amorimlb/meta_scaler).

Conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs have been implemented globally to alleviate poverty. Although tuberculosis (TB) is closely linked to poverty, the effects of CCT on TB outcomes among populations facing social and economic vulnerabilities remain uncertain. Here we estimated the associations between participation in the world’s largest CCT program, the Brazilian Bolsa Família Program (BFP), and the reduction of TB incidence, mortality and case-fatality rates using the nationwide 100 Million Brazilian Cohort between 2004 and 2015. We also evaluated these relationships according to race, ethnicity, wealth levels, sex and age. Exposure to the BFP was associated with a large reduction in TB incidence (adjusted rate ratio (aRR): 0.59; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.58–0.60) and mortality (aRR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.65–0.73). The strongest BFP association was observed in individuals of Indigenous ethnicity both for TB incidence (aRR: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.32–0.42) and mortality (aRR: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.20–0.62), and in individuals of Black and Pardo ethnicity (incidence—aRR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.57–0.59; mortality—aRR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.64–0.73). BFP associations were considerably stronger among individuals living in extreme poverty both for TB incidence (aRR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.49–0.50) and mortality (aRR: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.55–0.65). CCT can strongly reduce TB incidence and mortality in individuals living in extreme poverty, and of Indigenous, Black and Pardo ethnicity, and could significantly contribute to achieving the End TB Strategy targets and TB-related Sustainable Development Goals.

Background: Prenatally transmitted viruses can cause severe damage to the developing brain. There is unexplained variability in prenatal brain injury and postnatal neurodevelopmental outcomes, suggesting disease modifiers. Of note, prenatal Zika infection can cause a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders, including congenital Zika syndrome. Currently, there is no preventative treatment or cure. The Prenatal Infection and Neurodevelopmental Genetics (PING) Consortium aims to identify modulators of brain injury and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes for Zika and other prenatal viral infections. Methods: The Consortium pools information from eight multi-site studies conducted at 23 research centers in six countries to build a growing clinical and genomic repository, which is being mined for modifiers of virally induced brain injury. Partners include Children’s National Hospital (USA), Instituto Nacional de Salud(Colombia), the Natural History of Zika Virus Infection in Gestation program (Brazil), Zika Instituto Fernandes Figueira(Brazil), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the National Institutes of Health. Results: We have enrolled 4102 mothers and 3877 infants with 3063 biological samples and clinical data covering over 80 phenotypic fields and 5000 variables. Thus far, we have performed whole exome sequencing on 1226 participants. Conclusion: Here, we present the Consortium’s formation and overarching study design. Impact: The PING Consortium brings together investigators and institutions to determine the causes of virally induced brain injury and neurological deficits. The clinical and genomic repository, with data from over 8000 patients, will serve as a foundation for a variety of basic and clinical studies.

The study aimed to: 1) get to know the students' perception of their abilities to identify and distinguish credible information from non-credible information; 2) understand if there are differences between 3rd cycle and secondary school students regarding their ability to identify and distinguish credible information from non-credible information; 3) understand if there are differences between students of regular education and professional education regarding their ability to identify and distinguish credible information from non-credible information; 4) identify the students' perception of the role of the school library in the development of skills to distinguish between credible and non-credible sources of information. The results allow us to conclude that students reveal essential knowledge to distinguish and select, in part, in-formation for their research work, although they still need training to develop these skills.

Red rice is widely cultivated in the semi‐arid regions of Northeastern Brazil and is notable for its rich phenolic content and nutritional value. The use of red rice as a nonconventional adjunct in brewing can enhance the sensory and nutritional qualities of craft beers, offering a unique product profile that appeals to the growing demand for differentiated and artisanal beverages. This study aimed to evaluate the sensory and nutritional impact of incorporating red rice from two distinct regions, Bahia and Paraíba, into the brewing process. The study analyzed the effects of red rice from Bahia and Paraíba on the antioxidant capacity, phenolic content, and volatile composition of the resulting beers. Beers produced with Paraíba red rice exhibited a higher phenolic content and antioxidant capacity, while the Bahia variety contributed to a more complex aromatic profile. Sensory evaluations showed that the Bahia rice beer received higher ratings for aroma and overall acceptance, whereas the Paraíba rice beer stood out in antioxidant properties. The inclusion of red rice as a brewing adjunct in craft beer formulations enhances both antioxidant capacity and sensory complexity, contributing positively to consumer acceptance. Utilizing regionally sourced red rice varieties adds distinct sensory attributes to the beers, increasing their appeal within the specialty beverage market. This research demonstrates the potential of red rice as an innovative and sustainable adjunct for the craft beer industry, offering a nutritionally enriched and sensory‐diverse product. The findings underscore the value of integrating locally grown ingredients to create high‐quality, artisanal beverages that support regional agriculture and promote sensory diversity in the beverage industry.

Stenosis within the arteriovenous fistula (AVF) of hemodialysis patients leads to vascular access dysfunction and inadequate hemodialysis. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) is the standard therapy for stenosis. However, rates of restenosis and loss of access patency remain high. Outcomes of a novel cell-impermeable endoprosthesis (CIE) have not been investigated in this setting. Therefore, our study was designed to address this as a prospective, international, multicenter pivotal trial (NCT04540302) with 245 patients with stenosis in their venous outflow circuit randomized to treatment: 122 receiving CIE and 123 receiving PTA across 43 international centers. Primary endpoints included target lesion primary patency (TLPP) at six months (freedom from clinically driven target lesion revascularization or target lesion thrombosis) and freedom from safety events through 30 days post-index procedure that affected the access circuit and resulted in reintervention, hospitalization, or death. Access circuit primary patency (ACPP) was evaluated as a secondary efficacy endpoint. Six-month TLPP and ACPP were significantly higher for the CIE cohort versus PTA (TLPP: 89.6% vs. 62.3%; ACPP: 72.2% vs. 57.0%). Thirty days post-index procedure, there was no statistically significant difference in the freedom from safety events for the CIE versus PTA (96.6 vs. 95.0%). No differences were observed in adverse events between either cohort. Our study shows that among patients with stenosis in their AVF, the CIE was superior to PTA with respect to six-month TLPP and ACPP with no observed difference in 30-day primary safety events.

Candidaspecies are among the priority pathogens in the area of research and development. Due to the problems associated with resistance to antifungals, new therapeutic alternatives are necessary. In this regard, drug repositioning has gained prominence. The objective of this study was to evaluate the activity of three tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) – amitriptyline (AMT), nortriptyline (NOR) and clomipramine (CLO) – isolated or associated with antifungals against strains of Candidaspp., as well as to analyze the possible mechanism of action. Among the methods used were broth microdilution tests, tolerance level assessment, checkerboard assays, flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Furthermore, Candidacells were visualized after treatments by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). AMT presented MIC 50% in the range of 16 to 128 µg/mL, NOR from 8 to 128 µg/mL, and CLO from 8 to 64 µg/mL, with all three TCAs having a fungicidal inhibitory action profile. For these TCAs, there was synergism with amphotericin B (AMB) in 100% of the isolates. In association with fluconazole (FLC) and itraconazole (ITR), there were mostly indifferent interactions. TCAs isolated and associated with AMB reduced cell viability, promoted DNA fragmentation and damage, caused mitochondrial depolarization, externalization of phosphatidylserine, produced reactive oxygen species (ROS), decreased reduced glutathione (GSH) and increased carbonyl protein levels, causing morphological changes. The results suggest the antifungal mechanism of the TCAs works via the apoptotic pathway.

Droughts that occurred in selected areas located in homogeneous regions of South America during the austral springs (SON) and summers (DJF) from 1982 to 2019 are identified using the Standard Precipitation Index (SPI). Four areas were analyzed for droughts in SON, and three areas were analyzed for droughts in DJF. The areas in the Amazon suffered from the majority of their droughts during El Niño years, while most of the droughts in the areas of southern Brazil, Uruguay, and North Argentina occurred during La Niña years. In southeastern and central-western parts of Brazil, droughts occurred during both phases of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and also during neutral years. Thus, other processes besides ENSO are likely related to the observed droughts. The droughts were investigated for each area and month, and composites of atmospheric and oceanic variables during both seasons were analyzed for the selected cases. Regional and large-scale field composites were examined to identify the main processes associated with dry conditions in the different areas. Regional features were related to the influence of high pressure over southern and southeastern areas and the divergence of moisture flux in all areas. Meridional circulations contributed to subsidence over the dry regions. The large-scale influential features include SST anomalies, wavetrains over the South Pacific Ocean with centers of action over South America that produced subsidence in the study areas, and convection anomalies in the Maritime continent and surrounding areas. Therefore, the droughts were associated with a combination of regional and large-scale features that produced subsidence over the analyzed regions.

Research on geraniol’s anticandidal activity and mechanisms against clinical Candidastrains is vital due to increasing antifungal resistance. Candidaspp. cause severe infections, and geraniol provides a promising natural alternative. Understanding its action enhances fungal knowledge and supports innovative therapies for clinically relevant infections, positively impacting clinical practice.

Objective To describe the Cleft Recurrence Risk (Cleft RR) App, designed to be used on genetic counseling for cleft lip and/ or palate.Design A validation study, single cohort.Setting Tertiary care children's Hospital.Patients, Participants The manual obtained the results of 100 cases undergoing genetic counseling at the cleft lip and palate treatment center.Interventions The application for genetic counseling for cleft lip and/ or palate is designed to calculate quickly the recurrence risk considering the ancestry, cleft type, sex, and family history and thus encourage the implementation of genetic counseling in cleft lip and palate centers around the world.Main Outcome Measure(s) The data were submitted to the Bland-Altman statistics.Results After defining parameters the application development follows the steps: development, prototyping, and documentation. The validation of the calculated data was performed by comparing the results of 100 cases undergoing genetic counseling at the cleft lip and palate treatment center obtained by the manual method with the results obtained by the mobile app method; the data were submitted to the Bland-Altman statistics and a high concordance was found.Conclusions The mobile app for use by healthcare professionals proved to be simple to use, easy to apply, and provided accurate results. Cleft Recurrence Risk is an application for smartphones developed for genetic counseling in cleft lip and palate, supplementary use by health professionals, and should not replace professional performance.

Corncob is an agro-residue rich in lignocellulosic material that can be used for the xylitol production, through its enzymatic conversion obtaining fermentable sugars and their subsequent fermentation. In light of the above, this study targeted the immobilization of Aspergillus labruscusxylanase and the use of the derivative to hydrolyze the corncob xylan for the obtainment of xylose, and its subsequent use for the production of xylitol. The extracellular xylanase was immobilized using different supports (sodium alginate, DEAE-Cellulose, DEAE-Sephadex and CM-Sephadex). Among all supports used, the best results were obtained with the DEAE-Cellulose derivative showing an efficiency of immobilization of 97–99%, yield of 93–95% and recovered activity of 81–100%. The sodium alginate derivative showed 3 cycles of reuse, with drop in activity of about 65% in the 3rd cycle using both CaCl2and MnCl2as crosslinkers. The best enzymatic activity for the DEAE-Cellulose derivative was observed at 55ºC and pH 5.0. This derivative presented reuse of 10 cycles using commercial xylan as substrate, and 4 cycles using corncob xylan. This derivative was used in an enzymatic reactor to hydrolyze corncob xylan, obtaining 2.7 mg/mL of xylose after 48 h of operation under optimal condition of temperature and pH. The xylose obtained from the corncob was fermented by Candida tropicalisfor 96 h with consumption of 60%. The HPLC analyses indicated a production of 1.02 mg/mL of xylitol with 48 h of fermentation. In conclusion, this is the first report on the immobilization of the A. labrucusxylanase as an alternative for the obtainment of xylose from corncob xylan, and the subsequent production of xylitol.

The increase in fungal resistance is a major public health concern. In this context, Candidaspp. is an important genus related to invasive diseases, especially in immunosuppressed patients. The relevance of alternative approaches to increasing fungal resistance stands out, in which products of natural origin demonstrate potential antifungal activity in vitro against Candidaspp. In this sense, this work aimed to evaluate the in vitro activity of tannic acid against Candidaspp. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined for tannic acid and the antifungals, and the checkerboard assay was performed to analyze the interactions between them. Furthermore, we evaluated the tannic acid antibiofilm activity and its possible mechanism of action. Tannic acid showed MIC ranging to 0.06 to 0.5 µg/ml and showed no loss of effectiveness when combined with antifungals. Also, is safe at the concentrations it exerts its antifungal activity in pre-formed biofilms, as demonstrated by IC50 in murine fibroblasts cells and the hemolytic assay. Additionally, its mechanisms of action can be related with induction of signals that lead to apoptosis in fungal cells.

AbstractBackgroundGastric cancer (GC) is a major global cause of cancer mortality, with a median overall survival of just 12 months. CLDN18.2, a specific isoform of Claudin18 normally expressed in the gastric mucosa, has emerged as a potential therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker due to its exposure on the surface of tumor cells following malignant transformation. This exposure allows CLDN18.2’s extracellular loops to bind monoclonal antibodies, presenting new opportunities for targeted therapy and improved prognostic assessment.MethodsA comprehensive search of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases was conducted for studies that addressed the correlation of CLDN18.2 with: (1) Progression-free survival (PFS) and (2) Overall Survival (OS). Hazard ratio (HR) and odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a fixed-effects model. Heterogeneity was examined with I2statistics. Pvalues of ≤ 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Statistical analyses were performed using RStudio, version 4.2.3.ResultsA total of 15 studies encompassing a total of 4,085 patients were included. There were 2,691 (65.8%) male and 1,394 (34.2%) female patients. In the histologic GC analysis, there were 1,582 (38.7%) patients that had intestinal type and 1,280 (31.3%) with diffuse type. Patients with CLDN18.2 negative status exhibited a non-significant trend towards prolonged PFS (HR: 1.25; 95% CI: 0.98–1.61; p = 0.07; I2= 18%) and a significant prolonged OS (HR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.07–1.34; p < 0.01; I2= 37%) when compared to CLDN18.2-positive patients.ConclusionOur findings establish CLDN18.2 as a robust negative prognostic indicator for overall survival in GC patients. While its impact on PFS was not statistically significant, the association with OS suggests CLDN18.2 may serve as a marker for complex biological processes underlying tumor advancement.

Aim:To evaluate the antifungal activity of amlodipine against strains of Candidaspp. and to its possible mechanism of action.Methods:Broth microdilution tests were used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration, while the synergistic activity was evaluated by calculating the fractional inhibitory concentration index. The action of amlodipine against biofilms was determined using the MTT assay and its possible mechanism of action was investigated through flow cytometry tests.Results:Amlodipine showed MICs ranging from 62.5 to 250 μg/ml, in addition to action against pre-formed and forming biofilms, with reductions between 50 and 90%. Amlodipine increases the externalization of phosphatidylserine and reduces the cell viability of fungal cells, suggesting apoptosis.Conclusion:Amlodipine had good antifungal activity against planktonic cells and biofilms of Candidaspp., by leading the cells to apoptosis.

Solar irradiance is one of the key factors that affect the efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) systems. Moreover, based on the properties of the PV module and the current irradiance value, it is possible to estimate the maximum power point of the PV array and assess possible failures, partial shadings, soiling, and degradation modes. However, the use of conventional pyranometers presents high costs and limited spot measurements. The reference solar cell addresses the issues of time constant and solar spectrum absorption, but its cost is higher than that of the pyranometer. This article proposes an irradiance estimator based on current, voltage, and temperature measurements of the PV module. The proposed method is implemented in an ESP8266 microcontroller, allowing for estimation of solar irradiance at an affordable cost. This microcontroller is equipped with a Wi-Fi module, enabling the transmission of estimation results without communication cables. This approach also allows for monitoring each PV module through the Internet, within the context of the IoT. Experimental results demonstrate an average error of 3.5% when compared with a PVA-1000S, which is used as a benchmark. This makes it a valuable tool not only for estimating irradiances but also for various applications, such as identifying faulty modules in PV strings.

AbstractApis melliferahas ecological, economic and social importance. Thus, this study aimed to compare, at a toxicological, physiological and nutritional level, the insecticidal activity of natural pesticides in comparison with synthetic ones, adding knowledge about the impacts of these products and verifying their safety for these animals. Toxicity bioassays were performed to obtain the LC50(lethal concentration) of the products (Azamax®, Limonene, Karate® and Roundup®) through Probit analysis. The concentrations and toxicity ratios (TR) obtained, in decreasing toxicity level, were Karate® (0.0134 mL/100 mL, 53,156 times) > Limonene (1.44 mL/100 mL, 494.64 times) > Roundup® (712 .29 mL/100 mL). It was not possible to obtain the LC50for Azamax®, as concentrations above 250 mL/100 mL caused repellency and below there was no mortality. LC50and Azamax® concentrations were used as a treatment in histological, histochemical and biochemical analyses. Although the herbicide Roundup® has shown low toxicity by ingestion, it and the Limonene were the substances that most interfered with nutritional biochemical parameters, in addition to causing histopathological changes in midgut cells. The insecticide Karate® also led to histopathological changes in cells and a reduction in important macromolecules used in biochemical functions. Despite the repellency observed in the insecticide Azamax®, A. melliferapresented morphological alterations in the digestive cells and in the absorption of nutrients. It is concluded that natural pesticides can be as harmful to A. melliferabees as synthetic ones, and they can cause deleterious effects on the digestive physiology of these insects, which may reflect on their reproduction.

Protein single-chain nanoparticles can outperform synthetic nanoparticles in biomedical applications due to enhanced biocompatibility. Compared to synthetic (co)polymers, the chemical complexity of proteins challenges chain conformation control. Here, we investigate the impact of the precursor chain conformation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) on the nanoparticle structure after intramolecular cross-linking. We explore the urea concentration (denaturant), pH, salt, cross-linker length, and concentration. Small-angle neutron scattering and dynamic light scattering experiments reveal a shrinking chain conformation upon cross-linking. However, the ability to collapse depends on solvent conditions: more expanded chains collapse more, whereas proteins that are already compact barely change in size upon cross-linking. Static light scattering measurements demonstrate that binding is primarily intramolecular. The use of a shorter cross-linker does not lead to collapse of extended chains. Overall, BSA exhibits a similar behavior to that of polymer nanoparticles, which then allows to harness the precursor conformation for morphological control.

Aim:Evaluate the anticandidal effect of Croton heliotropiifoliusKunth essential oil and its interaction with azoles and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) against planktonic cells and biofilms.Materials & methods:Broth microdilution and checkerboard methods were used to evaluate the individual and combined activity with fluconazole and itraconazole (ITRA). The antibiofilm effect of the oil was assessed in 96-well plates alone and combined with ITRA and NAC, and cytotoxicity determined by MTT.Results:The oil inhibited all Candidaspecies growth. The activity was enhanced when associated with ITRA and NAC for planktonic cells and biofilms in formation. The effective concentrations were lower than the toxic ones to V79 cells.Conclusion:C. heliotropiifoliusKunth essential oil is an anticandidal alternative, and can be associated with ITRA and NAC.

ARDS is a heterogeneous condition with two subphenotypes identified by different methodologies. Our group similarly identified two ARDS subphenotypes using nine routinely available clinical variables. However, whether these are associated with differential response to treatment has yet to be explored.

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of the pasteurization process on chemical quality, aroma, and fatty acid profile of goat milk from this region. In this context, physical–chemical parameters were assessed, the fatty acid profile was identified, and the profile of volatile compounds in raw (unpasteurized) and pasteurized goat milk was characterized. Regarding the fatty acid profile, the saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids found in higher percentages were the same for both raw and pasteurized milk (capric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, and oleic acids). However, the polyunsaturated fatty acids differed, with linoleic acid in raw milk and eicosapentaenoic acid in pasteurized milk. After pasteurization, the atherogenicity and thrombogenicity indices decreased, while the ratio of hypocholesterolemic to hypercholesterolemic fatty acids increased, along with the content of desirable fatty acids. Manual solid-phase microextraction was the most viable method, and resulting in 34 volatile compounds, most of which were terpenes (8), aromatic compounds (7), and aldehydes (5) in raw milk. In pasteurized milk, 27 terpenes, 22 hydrocarbons and 11 aldehydes were identified. The results showed increased lipid and lactose content, and the decrease in the amount of saturated fatty acids was associated with a considerable increase in polyunsaturated fatty acids. The thermal pasteurization process influenced the volatile profile of goat milk, leading to the formation of new compounds/chemical classes in pasteurized milk.

The objective of this study was to describe feeding practices and weight status in a cohort of children with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) in northeastern Brazil. This longitudinal study of children with CZS (N= 156) included data collection on child feeding practices and weight status at five timepoints between 2018 and 2022. The average age of the children was 32.1 months at enrollment and 76.6 months at the fifth assessment. Multilevel models, with repeated observations nested within children, were used to estimate time‐related differences in each outcome. Use of enteral feeding, such as gastrostomy, increased from 19.2% to 33.3% over 4 years (p< .001). Among children who did not exclusively use an enteral feeding method, the percentage experiencing at least one dysphagia‐associated behavior, such as coughing or gagging, increased from 73.9% to 85.3% (p= .030) while consuming liquids and from 36.2% to 73.5% (p= .001) while consuming solids. Based on weight‐for‐age z‐scores, the percentage of children who were moderately or severely underweight increased from 42.5% to 46.1% over the 4 years but was not statistically significant. Children exclusively using an enteral feeding method had significantly decreased odds of being underweight at assessments 3, 4, and 5. These data highlight the ongoing and increasing challenges of feeding young children with CZS. Our findings elucidate the physiological reasons children with CZS may be underweight and point to intervention targets, such as enteral feeding, to improve their feeding practices. In their first 2 years of life, children with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) present with feeding difficulties, including challenges with breastfeeding, dysphagia, and excessive salivation.They are also more likely to be underweight, and studies have shown a significant decrease in weight‐for‐age z‐scores between birth and 24 months of age. In their first 2 years of life, children with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) present with feeding difficulties, including challenges with breastfeeding, dysphagia, and excessive salivation. They are also more likely to be underweight, and studies have shown a significant decrease in weight‐for‐age z‐scores between birth and 24 months of age. Children with CZS experience worsening feeding difficulties between 2 and 7 years of age, leading to an increased incidence in enteral feeding.The percentage of children who are severely underweight also increases with age, highlighting the importance of identifying appropriate interventions to ensure adequate nutritional status. Children with CZS experience worsening feeding difficulties between 2 and 7 years of age, leading to an increased incidence in enteral feeding. The percentage of children who are severely underweight also increases with age, highlighting the importance of identifying appropriate interventions to ensure adequate nutritional status.

Software engineering for autonomous robots investigates the synergetic interaction of computing and robotic technologies; this synergy is both realistic and strategic. On one hand, software engineering techniques and methods have the potential to enhance the quality of the software that controls autonomous robots and the effectiveness of software development processes in the robotic industry. In addition, they can provide evidence of that improved quality to foster trustworthiness of the robot via advanced verification techniques based on testing, simulation, or even mathematical proof. On the other hand, autonomous robots represent a significant benchmark for software engineering techniques and approaches, and many technologies that have been successfully applied in robotics (e.g., from control theory to automated planning) are now a source of inspiration for software engineers.

Herein, we determined the phytochemical profile and antioxidant and antileishmanial activities of aqueous, saline, and hydroethanolic extracts (AE, SE, and HE, respectively) of Bixa orellanaleaves. We also examined acute and dermal toxicities, as well as the genotoxicity of prepared extracts. Phytochemical analysis was performed using thin-layer chromatography, phenolic and flavonoid content assessment, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Antioxidant activity was evaluated by assaying DPPH and ABTS+radicals, while antileishmanial activity was examined using Leishmania amazonensispromastigotes. Oral acute toxicity and dermal irritation were assayed in mice at 2,000 mg/kg. Micronucleus and comet assays were employed to examine genotoxicity at 2000 mg/kg. Flavonoids, hydrolysable tannins, anthracene derivatives, reducing sugars, and saponins were detected in all extracts, whereas caffeic acid and condensed tannins were detected in AE and SE. Terpenes and steroids were detected only in HE. Based on the HPLC profile, ellagic acid and flavonoids were present in all extracts, which exerted antioxidant activity, with IC50values ranging from 6.90 to 23.22 µg/mL for DPPH and ABTS+. In addition, AE, HE, and SE inhibited the growth of L. amazonensispromastigotes, presenting IC50values of 1187.07, 697.26, and 496.38 µg/mL, respectively. No signs of toxicity were detected in the acute toxicity assays, and values of mean score irritation indicated the absence of dermal irritants. Moreover, no genotoxicity was noted in the assays performed. In conclusion, B. orellanaleaf extracts are sources of antioxidant and antileishmanial agents with a good safety profile in mice, which could be developed as drugs of natural origin.

ABSTRACTBrain oxygen deprivation causes morphological damage involved in the formation of serious pathological conditions such as stroke and cerebral palsy. Therapeutic methods for post-hypoxia/anoxia injuries are limited and still have deficiencies in terms of safety and efficacy. Recently, clinical studies of stroke have reported the use of drugs containing riboflavin for post-injury clinical rehabilitation, however, the effects of vitamin B2 on exposure to cerebral oxygen deprivation are not completely elucidated. This review aimed to investigate the potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of riboflavin in cerebral hypoxia/anoxia. After a systematic search, 21 articles were selected, 8 preclinical and 12 clinical studies, and 1 translational study. Most preclinical studies used B2 alone in models of hypoxia in rodents, with doses of 1–20 mg/kg (in vivo) and 0.5–5 µM (in vitro). Together, these works suggested greater regulation of lipid peroxidation and apoptosis and an increase in neurotrophins, locomotion, and cognition after treatment. In contrast, several human studies have administered riboflavin (5 mg) in combination with other Krebs cycle metabolites, except one study, which used only B2 (20 mg). A reduction in lactic acidosis and recovery of sensorimotor functions was observed in children after treatment with B2, while adults and the elderly showed a reduction in infarct volume and cognitive rehabilitation. Based on findings from preclinical and clinical studies, we conclude that the use of riboflavin alone or in combination acts beneficially in correcting the underlying brain damage caused by hypoxia/anoxia and its inflammatory, oxidative, and behavioral impairments.

Aim:To evaluate the antifungal activity of mangiferin against Candidaspp. resistant to fluconazole.Materials & methods:The antifungal activity of mangiferin was assessed using broth microdilution and its interaction with azoles and amphotericin B was evaluated by checkerboard. The activity of mangiferin against Candidaspp. biofilms was assessed using the MTT colorimetric assay and its possible mechanism of action was evaluated using flow cytometry.Results:Mangiferin showed activity against Candida albicans, Candida tropicalisand Candida parapsilosisresistant to fluconazole and showed synergism with azoles and amphotericin B. Mangiferin increased the activity of antifungals against Candidabiofilms and caused depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane and externalization of phosphatidylserine, suggesting apoptosis.Conclusion:mangiferin combined with antifungals has potential against Candidaspp.

Helicobacter pyloriis a major cause of gastrointestinal disorders such as chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, and gastric cancer. It is estimated that around half of the world’s population is infected with this pathogen, with underdeveloped countries reporting the highest frequencies. The genes cagA, cagM, vacA, and oipA are some of the most important virulence factors of H. pylori; however, there are no recent studies from Recife-PE demonstrating their frequency, and their relationship with severe gastric modifications. This work aims to use qualitative PCR to detect the virulence genes cagA, cagM, vacA, and oipA in H. pyloriisolates obtained from patients in a public hospital in Recife (PE). We collected samples from the stomach’s body and antrum of 147 patients, from which 71 (48%) tested positive for H. pylori. Among positive samples, the most frequently infected gender was female (44/71, 62%), and the most frequently infected age group was those above the age of 46 (31/71, 44%). Histological examination of H. pylori-positive samples revealed alterations other than chronic gastritis, including metaplasia and atrophy. The frequency of cagA, cagM, and oipA genes were identified in 84%, 56%, and 69% of the samples tested, respectively, as well as the vacA-s1m1allelic combination (77%). However, there was no statistically significant variation in the occurrence of these genes, therefore they cannot be considered unique markers of severity in our setting. New research with larger samples and investigations of other genetic markers can aid uncover local risk factors and lead to a better understanding of H. pylori’s pathogenesis.

This article proposes a current-fed high-gain high-efficiency dc–dc converter for renewable energy applications such as photovoltaic energy. The converter is based on the modified SEPIC, in which the secondary inductor is replaced with a built-in transformer with differentially connected windings (mSEPIC-DBT). The high voltage gain is achieved through a magnetic-coupling-based VMC, in which the built-in transformer is paired to diodes and capacitors. The capacitors, alongside the leakage inductances of the transformer, form a resonant tank, allowing for the zero-current switching of the diodes, while also blocking dc currents from circulating through the transformer windings, which, in turn, allows employing gapless cores for the transformer, reducing its size. The converter operational stages are discussed and steady-state analysis is performed, from which the design guidelines are derived. The theoretical analyses are validated by an experimental 300-W, 50-kHz laboratory prototype. The experimental results show a full-load efficiency of 96.6% and a maximum efficiency of 96.8% at 90% of the full load, which demonstrate that the proposed converter is a strong candidate for applications that require high voltage gains.

The main objective of this work is to propose a global nonlinear model (GNLM), valid under varying solar irradiance (G) and temperature (T) conditions, generating characteristic curves that closely replicate the actual behavior of the evaluated modules. The proposed GNLM incorporates a technique that combines surface polynomial fitting based on numerical optimization. This integration results in the creation of unique adaptable surfaces for each parameter, providing them with flexibility. Additionally, the research also aims to investigate other nonlinear global models for photovoltaic modules and conduct a comparative study of accuracy. The proposed model demonstrated significantly superior results compared with the best model evaluated in the literature for xSi modules, with a normalized mean absolute error in power (NMAEP) percentage difference of 98.21% and a normalized root mean square deviation (NRMSD) difference of 25.60%. In contrast, for mSi modules, the results showed a slight improvement over the same model, with an NMAEP percentage difference of 26.19% and an NRMSD difference of 1.52%. Similarly, for CdTe modules, there was an NMAEP percentage difference of −0.84% and an NRMSD difference of 12.82%.

This study addresses an investigation about how music and its elements (musical instruments) of a coco music group plays out in the cultural resistance process in remnants of a quilombola community. To that end, a survey was performed in the Castainho quilombola community, located in the rural area of the municipality of Garanhuns, belonging to the Agreste region of Pernambuco, Brazil, through a local coco music group named Castelo Branco. By adopting the theoretical-methodological assumptions of semiotic cultural psychology, a case study was conducted in line with the idiographic science, using combined research techniques to construct data, which would check the relevance of rituals and daily activities for the conservation of local customs through musical manifestation, with a special focus on the use of musical instruments and the lyrics of their songs. The research seeks to understand the identity elements of a quilombo, considering music as a point of preservation and strengthening of the maintenance of its culture.

Numerous commercial tests for the serological diagnosis of COVID-19 have been produced in recent years. However, it is important to note that these tests exhibit significant variability in their sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of results. Therefore, the objective of this study was to utilize bioinformatics tools to map SARS-CoV-2 peptides, with the goal of developing a new serological diagnostic test for COVID-19. Two peptides from the S protein and one from the N protein were selected and characterized in silico, chemically synthesized, and used as a serological diagnostic tool to detect IgM, IgG, and IgA anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies through the ELISA technique, confirmed as positive and negative samples by RT-qPCR or serology by ELISA. The results showed a sensitivity, specificity, Positive Predictive Value and Negative Predictive Value of 100% (p< 00001, 95% CI) for the proposed test. Although preliminary, this study brings proof-of-concept results that are consistent with the high-performance rates of the ELISA test when compared to other well-established methods for diagnosing COVID-19.

The asymmetry of membranes has a significant impact on their biophysical characteristics and behavior. This study investigates the composition and mechanical properties of symmetric and asymmetric membranes in giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) made of palmitoyloleoyl phosphatidylcholine (POPC) and palmitoyloleoyl phosphatidic acid (POPA). A combination of fluorescence quantification, zeta potential measurements, micropipette aspiration, and bilayer molecular dynamics simulations are used to characterize these membranes. The outer leaflet composition in vesicles is found consistent across the two preparation methods we employed, namely electroformation and inverted emulsion transfer. However, characterizing the inner leaflet poses challenges. Micropipette aspiration of GUVs show that oil residues do not substantially alter membrane elasticity, but simulations reveal increased membrane thickness and decreased interleaflet coupling in the presence of oil. Asymmetric membranes with a POPC:POPA mixture in the outer leaflet and POPC in the inner leaflet display similar stretching elasticity values to symmetric POPC:POPA membranes, suggesting potential POPA insertion into the inner leaflet during vesicle formation and suppressed asymmetry. The inverse compositional asymmetry, with POPC in the outer leaflet and POPC:POPA in the inner one yield less stretchable membranes with higher compressibility modulus compared with their symmetric counterparts. Challenges in achieving and predicting compositional correspondence highlight the limitations of phase-transfer-based methods. In addition, caution is advised when using fluorescently labeled lipids (even at low fractions of 0.5 mol %), as unexpected gel-like domains in symmetric POPC:POPA membranes were observed only with a specific type of labeled DOPE (dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine) and the same fraction of unlabeled DOPE. The latter suggest that such domain formation may result from interactions between lipids and membrane fluorescent probes. Overall, this study underscores the complexity of factors influencing GUV membrane asymmetry, emphasizing the need for further research and improvement of characterization techniques.

This study compared, retrospectively, the incidence of clinical errors and effects on treatment outcomes, when students were exposed to two different instrumentation techniques: a hybrid rotary technique (HYB), consisting of both hand instrumentation with hand stainless steel and Ni‐Ti files plus the use of a rotary system (Vortex Blue, Dentsply Sirona), versus a full reciprocation instrumentation technique (WaveOne Gold [WOG], Dentsply Sirona). A total of 368 endodontic cases (n= 184) in anterior and premolar teeth, completed by dental students at the University of Michigan School of Dentistry from 2013 to 2022, were used for the study. The groups were evaluated by two calibrated clinicians, observing the incidence of clinical errors: file separations, over‐instrumentation, ledges and transportations. Treatment outcomes were also observed. Data were analyzed statistically by Fisher's exact test and Mann–Whitney Utest (p< 0.05). No significant difference in file separations, ledges, and transportation was observed between the two groups. However, the WOG Group experienced significantly more over‐instrumentation than HYB group, although this did not significantly affect tooth survival or periapical index (PAI). Cases with PAI scores of 5 were found to have significantly less tooth survival compared to the other PAI scores. It can be concluded that both techniques in our study are well suited to advancing the endodontic dental education of students and novice operators, anticipating relatively successful outcomes of tooth survival, as long as the cases selected are less severe in progression preoperatively.

This article proposes a hybrid global maximum power point (MPP) tracking technique, named improved global fractional characteristic curve (IGFCC), which combines the advantages of both the model-based and heuristic techniques. The IGFCC technique aims to achieve high speed and accuracy in tracking the MPP of photovoltaic (PV) modules. The model-based technique employed in the IGFCC technique utilizes a precise single-diode model that considers the effects of irradiance and temperature to estimate the MPP voltage. This model-based approach ensures accurate tracking of the MPP and is particularly suitable for PV series applications with string inverters. One of the advantages of the IGFCC technique is its computational efficiency. It involves solving simple equations derived from the single-diode model, which reduces the computational effort required for MPP tracking. This makes the technique practical and feasible for real-time implementation.

The incidence of Candidaspecies resistant to traditional antifungal drugs is increasing globally. This issue significantly impacts patients' lives and increases healthcare expenses, confirming the need to develop novel therapeutic strategies. Recently, a thermostable trypsin inhibitor named ShTI (11.558 kDa), which has antibacterial effects on Staphylococcus aureus, was isolated from Salvia hispanicaL. (chia) seeds. This study aimed to assess the antifungal effect of ShTI against Candidaspecies and its synergism with fluconazole and to evaluate its mode of action. Preliminary toxicological studies on mouse fibroblasts were also performed. ShTI exhibited antifungal effects against C. parapsilosis(ATCC® 22,019), C. krusei(ATCC® 6258), and six clinical fluconazole-resistant strains of C. albicans(2), C. parapsilosis(2), and C. tropicalis(2). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were 4.1 µM (inhibiting 50% of the isolates) and 8.2 µM (inhibiting 100% of the isolates). Additionally, when combined with fluconazole, ShTI had a synergistic effect on C. albicans, altering the morphological structure of the yeast. The mode of action of ShTI against C. krusei(ATCC® 6258) and C. albicansinvolves cell membrane permeabilization, the overproduction of reactive oxygen species, the formation of pseudohyphae, pore formation, and consequently, cell death. In addition, ShTI (8.65 and 17.3 µM) had noncytotoxic and nongenotoxic effects on L929 mouse fibroblasts. These findings suggest that ShTI could be a promising antimicrobial candidate, but further research is necessary to advance its application as a novel antifungal agent.

ABSTRACTIndustry 4.0 seeks waste reduction via the optimization of production systems integrating technology and process. In addition to evaluating existing methods and technologies, academia also develops new ones. This research proposes a new hybrid artificial intelligence (AI) solution for production system efficiency optimization that combines data envelopment analysis (DEA), machine learning (ML)-based simulation and genetic algorithms (GAs) using real-world sensor data from a thermoelectric power plant. In the proposed method, DEA is employed to identify the production system’s efficient frontier, which is used to build an ML model that predicts production efficiency through simulation. A genetic algorithm is then utilized to propose those settings that result in optimized production efficiency. Although the possibility of combining DEA-ML and ML-GA has been discussed in the literature, no research was found that combines these three methods for production efficiency optimization. The proposed solution was tested and validated using real-world data. The benefits of the hybrid AI solution were measured by comparing its predicted efficiency with the efficiencies achieved by running production with conventional control-loops based control systems. The results show that considerable efficiency improvement can be achieved using the proposed hybrid AI solution.

Ecomorphological studies have been developed in the most diverse coastal environments worldwide, playing a key role in the comprehension of the relationship between ecological niche and morphology. Such approach has been useful to better understand the coexistence of fishes with similar body shape by the biological implications that ecomorphological indices have in the feeding habits differentiating species niche. Engraulidae is a fish family that play primary roles in pelagic trophic webs, and many of its representatives are typically by-catch components that have not received fair attention in trophic ecology studies. This study aimed to evaluate the ecomorphological relationships of five engraulids on a Brazilian tropical sandy beach. Eleven ecomorphological features related to diet and locomotion from juveniles of Anchoa januaria(Steindachner, 1879), Anchoa tricolor(Spix & Agassiz, 1829), Anchovia clupeoides(Swainson, 1839), Anchoviella lepidentostole(Fowler, 1911) and Lycengraulis grossidens(Spix & Agassiz, 1829) were calculated and employed in cluster and principal component analysis. The differences in the species ecomorphological indices evidence niche divergence among them, with morphologically close species presenting distinct feeding preferences, and those with common feeding preferences showing distinct morphology despite their phylogenetically proximity. Our results contribute to a better understanding of trophic web structures and coexistence strategies developed by morphologically close species to avoid competition in coastal environments.

Root exudates mediate plant interactions in the environment, and they are affected by physical, chemical and biological factors. Biocontrol agents can modify root exudates and influence plant–pathogen interactions. In this study, we showed that lettuce (Lactuca sativa), a host of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, produced root exudates that attracted the second-stage juveniles (J2s) of this nematode and garlic (Allium sativum), an antagonistic plant, produced exudates that repelled them. However, the application of a commercial product containing Bacillus subtilison lettuce roots made the exudates repellent to J2s of M. incognita, whereas treated garlic exudates were as attractive to the J2s as untreated lettuce. The repulsive behavior of M. incognitato exudates of roots colonized by biocontrol agents is common; however, the attractiveness of treated garlic root exudates was unexpected and not previously reported for non-host plants. Chemotaxis assays also showed that the commercial formulation of B. subtiliswas repellent to J2s of M. incognita. The metabolomic analysis conducted on these samples unveiled a combined total of 34 compounds. There was an elevation in the levels of amino acids and peptides in samples that were inoculated with the commercial product. Additionally, certain metabolites appear to be connected to chemotaxis. These metabolic changes induced by the commercial product are interesting for field utilization in a dual control strategy, where lettuce is protected against the nematode due to its repellence and garlic becomes attractive, but is not infected by the nematode.