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In this study, high-strength graphene-based aerogel microspheres are used as a template to grow the metal–organic frameworks ZIF-67, and further, the mixtures are pyrolyzed to obtain the magnetic nitrogen-doped graphene@Co/C composite aerogel microspheres (N-rGOAMs@Co/C). The morphological observation shows that N-rGOAMs@Co/C are micrometer-scale aerogel microspheres with a three-dimensional network structure, where many porous magnetic Co/C nanoparticles with rough concave structures are loaded on the inner walls of the microspheres. By adjustment of the amount of ZIF-67 precursor, the shape and structure of the N-rGOAMs@Co/C can be controlled to match the impedance and electromagnetic parameters between the absorber and the air to precisely adjust the electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption performance. Due to the hierarchical porous structure and nitrogen-doped cobalt–carbon hybrid components, the N-rGOAMs@Co/C exhibit strong and wide microwave absorption effects. When loading N-rGOAMs@Co/C-0.45 microspheres into the paraffin matrix at only 3.8 wt %, the minimum reflection loss (RLmin) value at a thickness of 2.3 mm is as high as −63.4 dB, and the maximum effective absorption bandwidth value at a thickness of 2.1 mm is up to 4.5 GHz (10.0–14.5 GHz). This work provides a simple and efficient method for preparing lightweight and high-efficiency EMW absorbers and has broad application prospects in the field of radar stealth protection.

To support massive connections of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, backscatter communication has been proposed as a promising technique. However, its transmission reliability cannot be guaranteed due to the lack of error protection. To solve this problem, the optimization design of backscatter communications with retransmissions is studied in this letter. First, its analytical error performance is derived based on finite blocklength data rate theory. Second, the resource allocation and the retransmission strategy are jointly optimized to improve transmission reliability with low costs. Finally, the simulation results are provided to verify the performance gains of our proposed scheme.

Avocado (Persea americanaMill.) is an economically valuable plant because of the high fatty acid content and unique flavor of its fruits. Its fatty acid content, especially the relatively high unsaturated fatty acid content, provides significant health benefits. We herein present a telomere-to-telomere gapless genome assembly (841.6 Mb) of West Indian avocado. The genome contains 40 629 predicted protein-coding genes. Repeat sequences account for 57.9% of the genome. Notably, all telomeres, centromeres, and a nucleolar organizing region are included in this genome. Fragments from these three regions were observed via fluorescence in situhybridization. We identified 376 potential disease resistance-related nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat genes. These genes, which are typically clustered on chromosomes, may be derived from gene duplication events. Five NLRgenes (Pa11g0262, Pa02g4855, Pa07g3139, Pa07g0383, and Pa02g3196) were highly expressed in leaves, stems, and fruits, indicating they may be involved in avocado disease responses in multiple tissues. We also identified 128 genes associated with fatty acid biosynthesis and analyzed their expression patterns in leaves, stems, and fruits. Pa02g0113, which encodes one of 11 stearoyl-acyl carrier protein desaturases mediating C18 unsaturated fatty acid synthesis, was more highly expressed in the leaves than in the stems and fruits. These findings provide valuable insights that enhance our understanding of fatty acid biosynthesis in avocado.

Several biochar frame electromagnetic interference shielding composites have been developed; however, integrating high shielding effectiveness (SE) and low reflection coefficient (R) into biochar frames with excellent electrical conductivity have proven to be a great challenge. Herein, because of the abundant groups on the surface of the intricate fibers of the loofah sponge, it absorbed many iron ions, which can form a Fe3O4coating when they react with hydroxyl groups. After carbonization, the Fe3O4coating still tightly held the carbonized fibers in a porous structure, forming a biochar frame with consecutive magnetic/conductive interfaces. Furthermore, the incorporation of a Fe3O4coating did not negatively affect the electrical conductivity of the composites obtained (∼21 S/m) but instead endowed the composites with good magnetic properties. The resultant composites had an SE, specific SE, Rand green index (gs) of 47.2 dB, 363 dB/cm, 0.089, and 10.2, respectively, which were better than those of previously reported biochar-based shielding materials. The synergistic effect of the three-dimensional carbon frame, magnetic coating, and porous structure is responsible for excellent green shielding abilities.

Water has been labeled as a devil in fabrication and stability of perovskite solar cells. The inherent cognition impels researchers to prepare perovskite films in water-controlled conditions. Herein, water is used as a green solvent to prepare CsPbBr3films through a two-step spin-coating method. Due to the high solubility of CsBr but low solubility of PbBr2in water, it provides a possibility to deposit CsBr onto PbBr2from water solution without destroying the film. Here, high-quality CsPbBr3films are fabricated by spin-coating concentrated CsBr/H2O solution onto the PbBr2film followed by annealing. As a result, the solar cells basing on a configuration of FTO/TiO2/CsPbBr3/Carbon exhibit a power conversion efficiency of 6.12%. This work provides a simple and easy way to prepare high-quality CsPbBr3films for efficient solar cells. It makes a solid step toward reducing the solvent toxicity in the fabrication process of perovskite solar cells. It also breaks the forbidden zone for fabricating perovskite films from water and updates the inherent understanding of water in the research study of perovskite solar cells.

Background: Several observational studies have explored the associations between Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) and certain cancers. Nevertheless, the causal relationships remain unclear. Mendelian randomization (MR) method was used to investigate the causality between SS and different types of cancers. Methods: We conducted the two-sample Mendelian randomization with the public genome-wide association studies (GWASs) summary statistics in European population to evaluate the causality between SS and nine types of cancers. The sample size varies from 1080 to 372,373. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was used to estimate the causal effects. A Bonferroni-corrected threshold of P< 0.0031 was considered significant, and Pvalue between 0.0031 and 0.05 was considered to be suggestive of an association. Sensitivity analysis was performed to validate the causality. Moreover, additional analysis was used to assess the associations between SS and well-accepted risk factors of cancers. Results: After correcting the heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy, the results indicated that patients with SS were significantly associated with an increased risk of lymphomas (odds ratio [OR] = 1.0010, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.0005–1.0015, P= 0.0002) and reduced risks of prostate cancer (OR = 0.9972, 95% CI: 0.9960–0.9985, P= 2.45 × 10−5) and endometrial cancer (OR = 0.9414, 95% CI: 0.9158–0.9676, P= 1.65 × 10−5). Suggestive associations were found in liver and bile duct cancer (OR = 0.9999, 95% CI: 0.9997–1.0000, P= 0.0291) and cancer of urinary tract (OR = 0.9996, 95% CI: 0.9992–1.0000, P= 0.0281). No causal effect of SS on other cancer types was detected. Additional MR analysis indicated that causal effects between SS and cancers were not mediated by the well-accepted risk factors of cancers. No evidence of the causal relationship was observed for cancers on SS. Conclusions: SS had significant causal relationships with lymphomas, prostate cancer, and endometrial cancer, and suggestive evidence of association was found in liver and bile duct cancer and cancer of urinary tract, indicating that SS may play a vital role in the incidence of these malignancies.

•An analysis of multiple axes of institutional misalignments in clean energy transition.•The distribution of agency and incentives in China’s fragmented energy bureaucracy.•China’s top-down, non-participatory approach is not necessarily more effective.•Challenges to sustainability transition are institutionally plural and context specific.•An examination of clean energy transition from comparative institutional perspectives.

Among the most common malignancies, breast cancer has a high incidence and mortality rate. NT5DC family is a highly well-conserved 5′-nucleotidase. Previous studies showed that the progression of tumors was associated with some NT5DC family members. However, there are no studies about the comprehensive analysis such as expression, prognosis, and immune properties of NT5DC family in breast cancer. Based on the data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database, we used UALCAN, Tumor Immune Estimation Resource, Breast cancer gene-expression miner (Bc-GenExMiner), Kaplan–Meier Plotter, TISIDB, cBioPortal, GeneMANIA, Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes, Metascape, Tumor Immune Single-cell Hub, The Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery, and Gene Set Cancer Analysis databases to explore expression, prognostic and diagnostic value, genetic alterations, biological function, immune value and drug sensitivity of NT5DC family in breast cancer patients. There was a downregulation of NT5C2, NT5DC1, and NT5DC3 in breast cancer compared to normal tissues, and NT5DC2 instead. All NT5DC family members were associated with the clinicopathological parameters of breast cancer patients. Survival and ROC analysis revealed that NT5DC family genes were related to the prognosis and diagnosis of breast cancer. NT5DC family were mainly involved in nucleotide metabolism. Moreover, NT5DC family were significantly associated with tumor immune microenvironment, diverse immune cells, and immune checkpoints in breast cancer. This research showed that NT5DC family might be novel prognostic biomarkers and immunotherapeutic targets of breast cancer.

“Green” shielding foams with thermal insulation are the ideal choice for use in aerospace, military, and electronic equipment because of their lightweight, low thermal conductivity, high absorption, and low reflection. However, it is a tremendous challenge to prepare the above materials owing to the predicament: perfect conductive filler network results in high shielding effectiveness (SE), high reflection, and thermal insulation. Herein, asymmetric expandable polymer microsphere (EPM) foams, consisting of a silver nanowire/EPM layer and a NiFe2O4/EPM layer were prepared via vacuum-assisted filtration followed by hot pressing. The asymmetric structure creates an “absorption–reflection–absorption” pathway when electromagnetic interference (EMI) waves penetrate the resulting foams, leading to ultrahigh shielding effectiveness (SE, 75.2 dB), in conjugation with reflection coefficient as low as 0.15 and an outstanding green shielding index (gs) reaching to 5.67. In addition, the value obtained by dividing SE by density and thickness was 5015 dB·cm2/g, and 81.2% of the SE was maintained after 1000 compression cycles. Moreover, the asymmetric foams exhibited a low thermal conductivity of 0.028 W/(m·K).

Polymer-based electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials with low density, low thermal conductivity, strong mechanical properties, good self-healing and high shielding performance are ideal candidates for military and aviation applications. However, conflicts between the desired properties result in tremendous challenges in the design and fabrication of these polymer materials. Here, we develop a novel approach to the preparation of excellent elastomeric foams that can meet the aforementioned requirements. A segregated carbon nanotube (CNT) network and porous structure are constructed synchronously in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix by employing a combinatorial procedure of suspension mixing and the template foaming method. The resulting foams exhibit a novel “sea-island” structure, in which the rubber phase with a segregated CNT network and ultrathin-shell expanded polymer microspheres are regarded as the continuous phase and the disperse phase, respectively. The obtained foam possesses an adjustable density (0.26–0.6 g/cm3), considerably low thermal conductivity (0.028–0.064 W/(m·K)), preeminent electrical conductivity (44.23 S/m), outstanding compressive strength (14.67 MPa), and good impact strength (2.80 kJ/m2). Furthermore, the EMI shielding effectiveness is excellent, reaching 44.51 dB, and 88.76% of the shielding effectiveness can be maintained after the self-healing procedure. These results confirm that the obtained foam has great potential for modern electronics and aerospace applications.

Magnesium-based adsorbents with the modification of alkaline metal salts are considered the competitive candidates for CO2capture at intermedium temperature. In this article, the NaNO3promoted MgO adsorbents were prepared and granulated, and the characterization methods were used to detect the microstructure of the granular adsorbents, including NaNO3distribution, BET specific surface area, micropore size and microcrystal aggregation. The thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) tests were carried out to investigate the optimal CO2adsorption and desorption temperatures and the cyclic stability of the NaNO3promoted MgO granules. Moreover, the pretreatment of carbonization and calcination was adopted to improve the cyclic stability of the granular adsorbents. Furthermore, the fixed bed adsorber with 40 g NaNO3-MgO granules was used to capture CO2from 50% CO2mixture gas with N2and from 20% CO2mixture gas with N2, respectively, and the CO2breakthrough behaviors in the fixed bed were investigated. It was found that NaNO3-MgO adsorbents were suitable for the middle and high-concentration CO2capture (such as 50% CO2feed gas) in fixed bed adsorber with the higher CO2recovery efficiency, but the CO2recovery efficiency was lower for the low-concentration CO2capture (such as 20% CO2feed gas) at ordinary pressure. Because about 10 kPa CO2partial pressure in the gas phase was needed to overcome CO2mass transfer resistance in the molten salt layer on MgO surface during adsorption, the appropriate pressurization would improve the low-concentration CO2capture efficiency in the fixed bed adsorber.

GeneAct is a new framework developed to accelerate the coding of interactive programs for learning genetics. In this paper, the framework is used to create an interactive program for understanding the lac operon. Gene regulation, an inherent property of all organisms, is responsible for growth and development, as well as for an organism's ability to respond to changes in the environment. To illustrate the mechanisms of gene regulation, we highlight the operon system in bacteria because it is well defined and has widely been investigated. The control of the genes of the lac operon depends upon the availability of - and the nature of - the carbon source used for energy metabolism in bacteria. The interactive program based on GeneAct provides clearly defined tutorial tools for: 1) reading and thinking about the subject; 2) visualising the processes involved in regulating genes; 3) controlling the various molecular elements in the processes.

An integrated CO2capture and methanation process with regenerable H2is a promising approach to mitigate anthropogenic CO2emissions. In this integrated process, the development of efficient adsorbents and catalysts is very critical. Here, NaNO3-promoted MgO adsorbents are prepared and shaped into ∼1.5 mm particles for CO2capture, and the potential application of NaNO3-MgO adsorbents in the integrated CO2capture and methanation process is evaluated through experiments. Experimental demonstration is performed in the combined adsorbent/catalyst packed column, where CO2adsorbents are prepared with 10 mol % NaNO3-promoted MgO and catalysts are prepared with 20 wt % Ni loaded on γ-Al2O3. The effects of the flowrate of 50% CO2/N2feed gas and the flowrate of regenerable H2on the CO2capture and methanation performance are investigated through experiments done in the packed column with 40 g of NaNO3-MgO granules and 30 g of Ni-Al2O3catalysts. The CO2recovery rate, CO2adsorption amount, CO2conversion rate, and CH4yield and selectivity will be evaluated based on the experimental results, and the efficiency and feasibility of the integrated CO2capture and methanation in the combined NaNO3-MgO adsorbent/Ni-Al2O3catalyst packed column will be assessed.

Gliomas are highly radioresistant tumors, mainly due to hypoxia in the core region of the gliomas and efficient DNA double‐strand break repair. However, the design of a radiosensitizer incorporating the two above mechanisms is difficult and has rarely been reported. Thus, this study develops a hypoxic radiosensitizer‐prodrug liposome (MLP) to deliver the DNA repair inhibitor Dbait (MLP/Dbait) to achieve the simultaneous entry of radiosensitizers with two different mechanisms into the glioma. MLP/Dbait effectively sensitizes glioma cells to X‐ray radiotherapy (RT). Histological and microscopic examinations of dissected brain tissue confirm that MLP effectively delivers Dbait into the glioma. Furthermore, the combination of MLP/Dbait with RT significantly inhibits growth of the glioma, as assessed by in vivo bioluminescence imaging. These findings suggest that MLP is a promising candidate as a Dbait delivery system to enhance the effect of RT on glioma, owing to the synergistic effects of the two different radiosensitizers. A hypoxic radiosensitizer‐prodrug liposome (MLP)is developed to deliver the DNA repair inhibitor Dbait (MLP/Dbait) to achieve the simultaneous entry of radiosensitizers with two different mechanisms into the glioma. The combination of MLP/Dbait with radiotherapy significantly inhibits growth of the glioma.