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Background. Stage IIb bulky cervical carcinomas have been considered difficult to treat successfully by radiation and/or surgery, compared with smaller lesions. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of neoadjuvant pelvic intraarterial chemotherapy (IAC) and to determine the optimal dosage of cisplatin for reducing tumor volume in these patients. Methods. Twenty-one previously untreated patients with primary cervical carcinoma of more than 4 cm in greatest dimension and parametrial invasion were included in this study. Pelvic IAC was administered using a combination of mitomycin-C, 10 mg/[m.sup.2]; vincristine, 1 mg/[m.sup.2]; and cisplatin, 50 mg/[m.sup.2] (MVC; group 1, 8 patients) or 75 mg/[m.sup.2] (group 2, 13 patients). Tumor volumes were measured three-dimensionally by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before and after three courses of IAC. Clinical responses were evaluated with gynecologic examination and MRI; pathologic responses were evaluated with histologic examinations of surgical specimens. Results. The mean volume reduction rate (74.2% vs. 97.2% in groups 1 and 2, respectively, P = 0.0022), the clinical complete response rate (0% vs. 69.2%, P = 0.0033), and the pathologic complete response rate (0% vs. 46.2%, P = 0.0445) were significantly higher in group 2. Type III radical hysterectomy was possible in 19 patients (90.5%). Toxicities of grades 2-3 (World Health Organization criteria) were nausea and/or vomiting (38.1%), leukopenia (33.3%), and fever (14.2%). Conclusions. These preliminary results suggest that neoadjuvant pelvic IAC with MVC (especially with cisplatin at a dose of 75 mg/[m.sup.2]) is effective in reducing tumor volume, increasing the clinical and pathologic complete response rate, and improving the operability in most patients with Stage IIb bulky cervical carcinoma, generally considered inoperable. Cancer 1995; 76:814-23. Key words: neoadjuvant intraarterial chemotherapy, uterine cervical carcinoma, Stage IIb, bulky tumor, response rate.

This article studies the impact of Free Trade Agreements (FTA) on outbound foreign direct investment (FDI). From one perspective, FTA may promote FDI since FTA aim to promote economic activity between countries. However, lower trade barriers may lower the incentive of firms to conduct FDI. Therefore, the net impact is an empirical question. Using a panel of countries for the years 1990–2006, this article effectively controls for participation in an FTA when analyzing the impact on outbound FDI. The lengthy time series also allows us to examine effectively the dynamic nature of the relationship. Failing to account for endogeneity and dynamics would likely generate inaccurate conclusions regarding the impact of FTA on outbound FDI. Our analysis finds that outbound FDI is either unrelated to participation in an FTA or is negatively affected.

To evaluate the response of alfalfa to water deficit (WD) stress, WD-induced candidates were investigated through a proteomic approach. Alfalfa seedlings were exposed to WD stress for 12 and 15 days respectively, followed by 3 days re-watering. Water deficit increased H2O2content, lipid peroxidation, DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl)-radical scavenging activity, and the free proline level in alfalfa roots. Root proteins were extracted and separated by two-dimentional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE). A total of 49 WD-responsive proteins were identified in alfalfa roots; 25 proteins were reproducibly found to be up-regulated and 24 were down-regulated. Two proteins, namely cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase (APx2) and putative F-box protein were newly detected on 2-DE maps of WD-treated plants. We identified several proteins including agamous-like 65, albumin b-32, inward rectifying potassium channel, and auxin-independent growth promoter. The identified proteins are involved in a variety of cellular functions including calcium signaling, abacisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulation, transcription/ translation, antioxidant/detoxification/stress defense, energy metabolism, signal transduction, and storage. These results indicate the potential candidates were responsible for adaptive response in alfalfa roots.

Hyundai conglomerate founder and honorary chairman Chung Ju-Yung's foray into Korean politics paved the way for his retreat from the business world. His failed bid for the presidency not only caused his retirement from the Hyundai Group, but also triggered the direct and indirect financial sanctions slapped against the company by the government following the 1992 presidential elections. Chung is believed to have incurred the ire of Pres. Kim Young-Sam during the campaign, when he accused him of incompetence and corruption.

The article offers information on a research paper which discusses the method of evaluating product quality using finite element analysis. It mentions that structural stability of steel cords can be improved with the help of roller straightening devices. It further informs that a simulation method which uses finite element analysis (FEA) is an alternative for designing the roller straightening process with reduced time and money.

Two of the top state-run companies in Korea became the first firms in the country to be listed on the New York Stock Exchange. Pohang Iron and Steel Co. and Korea Electric Power Corp.'s listing on the stock exchange also served to boost the Korean economy as it eliminated obstacles to foreign capital markets, thus making it easier for other Korean companies to build up cheaper funds from foreign sources. It also heralds the entry of the Korean financial industry into the international financial community.

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to present the performance characteristics analysis of a new type axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) machine according to the geometric structure of rotor such as permanent magnet dimension, the air-gap length and so on. Design/methodology/approach - The 3D finite element method (FEM) is used to analyse electromagnetic fields with the aid of an ANSYS software package. The FEM is based on the magnetic vector potential and the governing equation can be obtained from the Maxwell equation. Using the dynamometer system, the characteristics of the AFPM machine were estimated according to load torque. Findings - The AFPM machine characteristics with static torque, cogging torque and flux density according to rotor geometric dimensions are analyzed using a 3D FEM software package. And then, the prototype of an AFPM machine and several rotors with different PM structure are manufactured and tested. Resulting from the experiment, the characteristics such as EMF waveform, speed and efficiency curves according to load torque, and efficiency curves according to PM thickness, are obtained. The measured performance results verified the overhang effects and improved the efficiency of the motor. Originality/value - The paper proposes a new type AFPM machine structure with T-shape teeth and laminated back yoke and two types of rotor with fan-shaped permanent magnets. It presents the results of characteristics of the proposed AFPM machine throughout the simulation and experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article evaluates a quantitative relationship between blasting-related operation parameters and blasting efficiency, as well as the optimum conditions that can improve blasting efficiency. Abrasive size and hardness, nozzle pressure, and abrasive flow rate played important roles in improving coating performance; the effect of abrasive hardness on surface profile was negligible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Four new species of Symphypleona, Ptenothrix plumiseta, Deuterosminthurus serratus, Sminthurus annulatus, Smithurinus distinctus, are described from Korea. Especially two genera, Deuterosminthurusand Sminthurinusare new record to Korea. Korean Collembola Symphypleona add up to 18 species, 11 genera in 6 family.

ABSTRACT Four new species of the collembolan genus Xenylla, X. convexopyga, X. longistriata, X. dotataand X. marinafrom Korea are described. X. convexopygais characterized by an absence of the dorsal seta m3on Th. II‐III. While the other three new species share similarities in dorsal chaetotaxic characters. However, they are dissimilar in the following respects: ventral chaetotaxy, body colour, presence or absence of inner teeth on unguis, the length proportion of abdominal segments and thoracic segments, arrangement of anal papillae and the general shape of apical bulb of fourth antennal segment. As a result of this study, a total of 25 species in 6 genera of Hypogastruridae have been recorded from the Korean Peninsula.

Abstract This paper presents a conodont biostratigraphic study on the Upper Cambrian Sesong and Hwajeol Formations in the Sabuk area, Korea. Two samples near the base of the Sesong Slate at the Pukil section contain lower Upper Cambrian conodonts, comprising Furnishina furnishi, F. kranzae, F. pernical?, F. triangulata, Hertzina elongata, Laiwugnathus doidyxus?, Phakelodus elongatus, Muellerodus? obliquus, Westergaardodina matsushitaiand W. moessebergensis.This is the first conodont record of the Upper Cambrian formations recovered yet in the northern limb of the Paekunsan syncline. The faunal assemblage is correlatable with the lower Upper Cambrian W. matsushitaiZone of North China. Four local biozones are recognized in the Hwajeol Formation, i.e. the Proconodontus, Eoconodontus notchpeakensis, Cambrooistodus minutusand Cordylodus proavusZones in ascending order. This zonal scheme is essentially equivalent to that of the southern limb of the Paekunsan syncline and they are correlatable with zones in other parts of the world, including North America, Australia, Iran and China.

Describes the side-impact crash-simulation system used by Daewoo Telecom Ltd. to study the impact of car collisions. Components of the system; Methodology used in the testing; Presentation of results; Analysis of the test's outcome.

Experimental conditions to obtain heteroepitaxial (100) GaAs/InP structure were studied using the selective liquid phase epitaxy (SLPE) technique. It was observed that maximum epitaxial layer overgrowth (ELO) can be obtained by aligning the growth seed along the 75° off [011] direction. The ELO width decreased as the mask width decreased, probably due to As depletion above the oxide mask, which could be partly compensated by convecting the melt. The ELO width was substantially increased by adding Si, P or Se to the Ga growth melt. Se addition, in particular, prevented meltback of substrates during the growth of GaAs on InP, resulting in a continuous specular GaAs film. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study of the layers revealed that propagation of the misfit dislocations at the GaAs/InP interface is effectively suppressed by the presence of the SiO2mask, except for some dislocations that propagate toward the top of the mask by bending at the mask edge.

Doped CeO2-(CeO2)0.9(Gd2O3)0.1pellets were prepared using the glycine-nitrate process with various sintering times and sintering temperatures. Compositional and structural characterizations were carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD) with CuK? radiation, a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a Transmission electron microscope (TEM). Sintering and electrical characteristics were investigated using dilatometer measurement and the AC impedance analyser. Powder characteristics were also investigated by the BET method. Polycrystalline (CeO2)0.9(Gd2O3)0.1powders with specific surface areas of 19-23 m2/ g were obtained. Green bodies from the synthesized powders after milling shrunk up to about 1470° C, above which they expanded with heating temperature, whereas those before milling shrank continuously up to a temperature of 1600° C. This difference might be attributed to the change of the packing density of the synthesized powders upon milling: from 25% without milling to about 40% after milling. Therefore the sintered (CeO2)0.9(Gd2O3)0.1bodies having a theoretical density of 7.25 g/cm3were considered to be obtained from the as-milled powders by controlling the sintering time at a sintering temperature higher than 1470° C in air. In the AC impedance measurements, the electrical resistivity of the (CeO2)0.9-(Gd2O3)0.1bodies, produced from as-milled powders, and sintered at 1500° C with increasing sintering time, showed the minimum total value at the sintering time of 10 h. The minimum total resistivity of the (CeO2)0.9(Gd2O3)0.1bodies sintered at 1500° C for 10 h seems to be obtained when the sum of the activation energy for the resistivities in the grain and at the grain boundary.