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Species often include multiple ecotypes that are adapted to different environments1. However, it is unclear how ecotypes arise and how their distinctive combinations of adaptive alleles are maintained despite hybridization with non-adapted populations2–4. Here, by resequencing 1,506 wild sunflowers from 3 species (Helianthus annuus, Helianthus petiolarisand Helianthus argophyllus), we identify 37 large (1–100 Mbp in size), non-recombining haplotype blocks that are associated with numerous ecologically relevant traits, as well as soil and climate characteristics. Limited recombination in these haplotype blocks keeps adaptive alleles together, and these regions differentiate sunflower ecotypes. For example, haplotype blocks control a 77-day difference in flowering between ecotypes of the silverleaf sunflower H. argophyllus(probably through deletion of a homologue of FLOWERING LOCUS T(FT)), and are associated with seed size, flowering time and soil fertility in dune-adapted sunflowers. These haplotypes are highly divergent, frequently associated with structural variants and often appear to represent introgressions from other—possibly now-extinct—congeners. These results highlight a pervasive role of structural variation in ecotypic adaptation.

The article focuses on the geographic distribution of succulent plans in Colonet Mesa region of Baja California, Mexico's California Floristic Province (CFP). Topics discussed include diversity of succulent plants in CFP including Dudleya, Lewisia and Claytonia, diversity of plant species in the Colonet Mesa region, and threat to the unique flora of the Colonet Mesa region due to deep-water mega-container port construction project.

The article presents a research on the diversification of the genus Pachypodium. The research provides an overview about the plant, how it evolves, and its relationship among other Pachypodium species. It also aims to help improve classification within the genus, provide objective means to determine conservation strategies, and guide future research on patterns of diversification in Pachypodium.

The article offers information about the diverse growth of succulent plant forming a part of Cape floral region in South Africa in the spring season. It mentions about the growth of a diverse shrubland fynbos forming the moist south western part of Cape floral region. It mentions that most of the succulents belong to plant family Aizoaceae. It mentions that the dominant growth of succulents is the result of arid conditions in South Africa.