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Objectives: Healing of gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD)-induced ulcer is critical for patient recovery. During ESD treatment, submucosal incisions are made with an electrosurgical knife to accomplish en bloc resections of superficial lesions. Nevertheless, excess electrocoagulation may decrease the blood supply of ESD-induced ulcer and delay the ulcer healing. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the effectiveness of conservative electrocoagulation followed by porcine fibrin sealant (FS) as a wound microvessels-protective hemostatic technique in promoting the healing of ESD-induced ulcer. Methods: A total of 332 patients with early gastric cancer (EGCs), or gastric precancerous lesion and gastric adenoma were retrospectively analyzed. Propensity score matching was used to compensate for the differences in age, gender, tumor location, resected specimen area, and pathology. One-month ulcer healing rates and delayed bleeding were compared between two matched groups (combined hemostats group and electrocautery group). Results: A total of 115 matched pairs were created after propensity score matching. There was no difference in tumor location, specimen surface area, tumor differentiation and invasion depth between groups. The completed healing rate 1 month after ESD was 44.3% in combined hemostats group and 30.4% in electrocautery group (P= 0.004). There was no difference in delayed massive bleeding rate between two groups (P= 0.300). In addition, based on the multivariate regression analysis for ulcer healing rate, the use of FS (OR, 0.348, 95% CI 0.196 − 0.617, P= 0.000) and larger specimen size (OR, 2.640, 95% CI 2.015–3.458, P= 0.000) were associated with nonhealing ulcer 1 month after ESD. Conclusion: Applying conservative electrocoagulation followed by porcine FS as a wound microvessels-protective hemostatic technique can promote ESD-induced ulcer healing without increasing delayed bleeding.

In China, some areas with intensive agricultural use are facing serious environmental problems caused by non-point source pollution (NPSP) as a consequence of soil erosion (SE). Until now, simultaneous monitoring of NPSP and SE is difficult due to the intertwined effects of crop type, topography and management in these areas. In this study, we developed a new integrated method to simultaneously monitor SE and NPSP in an intensive agricultural area (about 6 000 km2) of Nanjing in eastern China, based on meteorological data, a geographic information system database and soil and water samples, and identified the main factors contributing to NPSP and SE by calculating the NPSP and SE loads in different sub-areas. The levels of soil total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), available nitrogen (AN) and available phosphorus (AP) could be used to assess and predict the extent of NPSP and SE status in the study area. The most SE and NPSP loads occurred between April to August. The most seriously affected area in terms of SE and NPSP was the Jiangning District, implying that the effective management of SE and NPSP in this area should be considered as a priority. The sub-regions with higher vegetation coverage contributed to less SE and NPSP, confirming the conclusions of previous studies, namely that vegetation is an effective factor controlling SE and NPSP. Our quantitative method has both high precision and reliability for the simultaneous monitoring of SE and NPSP occurring in intensive agricultural areas.

RMTSs with controllable ARs were fabricated using NH4OH as a catalyst and CTAB as a template under stirring. The length of RMTSs played a more significant role than the width in their photocatalytic activity.

Mesoporous TiO2 with high surface area (SBET) and different pore size was successfully fabricated via hydrothermal method using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and PEO-PPO-PEO as the structure-directing agents, and tetrabutyl titanate (TBT) as titanium source. SBET and pore size of the materials were adjusted by using different amount of TBT. SBET was increased as TBT changing from 0.5 g to 1.0 g, and then dropped as 2.0 g TBT added. Among as-prepared samples (PC), PC-1.0 showed the highest SBET of 92.72 m2 g1. With the increase amount of TBT, pore size increased from 10.36 nm to 12.72 nm. The phtocatalysis study showed that PC-1.0 had the highest percent degradation of 99.6 %. We believed that the design and synthesis of mesoporous TiO2 with changing mesopores and SBET are important for both fundamental and technological viewpoints.

Some living creatures have special structures on their body surfaces, such as smooth and elastic epidermis with subcutaneous tissue having non-smooth structures under certain conditions. The elastic epidermis coupled with non-smooth structures has a special function called bio-coupling functional surface. Imitating this functional surface and applying it in engineering has a potential to solve some engineering problems. Based on the simulation method of fluid-structure interaction (FSI), simulation calculation of the bionic functional surface coupled by the two factors, form and flexible materials was conduct using ADINA software. A viscous and weakly compressible transient flow was selected as a working medium, a discrete solver was selected in numerical calculation and the basic model was chosen as a turbulence model. It is assumed that the coupling surface of the form/flexible materials results is large deformation and large strain. The boundary condition of fluid-structure interaction was set as the calculation surface. The simulation results showed that this coupling is a dynamic process, in which the two factors (form and flexible materials) are influenced by the flow field. As the pressure and velocity of the flow field increase, the coupling process changes from partial coupling to complete coupling, the pressure drag decreased due to the maximum effective stress of bionic coupling surface is very small and the smooth and flexible materials can redistribute pressure by absorbing and releasing energy, the pressure drag thus formed is decreased. Moreover, non-smooth structures (form factor) coupled with flexible materials reduced velocity of working face and minimise energy losses effectively, enabling the bionic coupling surface to reduce drag.

Abstract: Objective: The outcome of gastric cancer treatment in China is relatively poor compared with those in Japan and Korea. Relevant factors are not quite clear till now. The aim of this study is to present data on gastric cancer patients from a single high volume cancer center of China and to illuminate relevant factors regarding unsatisfactory outcome. Methods: A total of 2312 consecutive pathologically proven gastric carcinoma patients were treated in Beijing Cancer Hospital from January 1995 to December 2005. Clinical information including demographic information, tumor characteristics, therapeutic experience and survival was retrieved from the Database specially designed for Gastric Cancer Collaborative Group, Beijing Cancer Hospital. Results: There were 1633 males and 679 females with a median age of 58.8 years (range 19–89). Merely 181 patients were in the early stage (7.8%). Curative resection was performed in less than 72% of the patients. The number of lymph nodes harvested varied from 0 to 71 (average 9) while the median number of positive lymph node was 2 (0–37). Only in 650 patients the number of lymph nodes harvested was more than 14. At the end of follow-up, 874 patients were still alive while 1132 died. The 1, 2, 5, 10-year overall survival were 68.50%, 51.88%, 36.83%, and 30.49%, respectively. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that TNM stage, tumor location, tumor size, surgery, and vascular invasion were independent prognostic factors. Conclusion: The outcome of gastric cancer in China is not as good as expected. Early detection and standardized curative resection should be prompted at present to improve the outcome.

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the clinicopathological characteristics of rectal cancer diagnosed as adenoma in biopsy. Methods: 50 rectal cancer cases diagnosed as adenoma in biopsy were analyzed retrospectively in this study by comparing the biopsy and postoperative pathology. Results: Among these 50 patients, biopsy pathology showed 26% (13/50) adenoma with mild dysplasia, 30% (15/50) adenoma with moderate dysplasia, and 44% (22/50) adenoma with severe dysplasia. In 8 cases, the adenomas were smaller than 2cm. On postoperatively surgical pathology, only 10 cases were carcinoma-in-situ, while 40 cases were invasive cancer. Conclusion: Special emphasis should be taken to biopsy-negative rectal adenomas and those smaller than 2cm.