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Obective:To validate the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2) on a Swedish population by investigating differences between 1) young women with eating disorder symptoms (patients and non-patients), and normal controls and 2) patients with different eating disorder diagnoses, regarding symptom load and psychological characteristics. Another objective was to update EDI as a screening instrument. Method:Patients (n=194) with DSM-IV confirmed eating disorder diagnoses (anorexia nervosa AN; bulimia nervosa BN; eating disorder not otherwise specified, EDNOS) were compared with each other and with randomly selected and matched controls consisting of young women with self-reported eating disorder symptoms (n=51) and women without such symptoms (n=188). Results:In general, women with eating disorder problems, whether or not they were patients, scored significantly higher on both symptoms and personality characteristics compared to normal controls. Patients with DSM verified eating disorders did not differ from women with self-reported eating disorders symptoms on body dissatisfaction, perfectionism and impulsiveness. Women with self-reported symptoms did not differ from women without symptoms on interpersonal distrust and maturity fears. Amongst the patient groups, BN patients scored highest, and AN patients lowest, on self-reported pathology. Most of the EDI-2 scales and all the three indexes had acceptable specificity and sensitivity. Conclusion:EDI-2 discriminates well between women with eating disorder symptoms and normal controls, but responses from patients with AN should be interpreted with care. The EDI-2 indexes are especially recommended for screening purposes.

Recent controversies in the rhinologic literature regarding surgical management of the frontal sinus center around relatively new techniques using endoscopic intranasal approaches. Few authors have addressed the concept of frontal “duct” reconstitution, relying instead upon variations of the stenting concept, which fail at least 30% of the time. Some oral presentations and discussions in the past have gone so far as to say that external frontoethmoidectomy is an antiquated operation with few indications. One reason for its recent disfavor concerns the reported high rate of postoperative naso-frontal drainage track stenosis leading to recurrent disease. The senior author has a 25-year experience with a frontal recess reconstruction technique known as the Sewall-Boyden flap. This technique, coupled with the frontoethmoidectomy approach, has been effective with a low failure rate in 41 cases. This article serves to remind sinus surgeons of a safe, effective technique for establishing a drainage track from the frontal sinus: external fronto-ethmoidectomy with Sewall-Boyden flap reconstruction.

The relations between individual, family, and child care characteristics and children's aggressive and noncompliant behaviours were examined in this study of 140 first-born Swedish children assessed at 16,28,40, and 80 months of age. All of the parents involved in the study had attempted to enrol their children in centre-based day care, but some were accepted instead into family day care settings, while others remained in the exclusive care of their parents. Composite measures of aggression and noncompliance were constructed using data obtained from multiple sources (i.e. mothers, teachers, observers). Child care arrangements and histories were not associated with levels of aggression or noncompliance. Multiple regression analyses suggested that the quality of home care was the best predictor of both aggressive and noncompliant behaviour. Boys were more aggressive than girls, and children with more controlling parents were more noncompliant. Individual differences in aggression (but not noncompliance) were moderately stable over time. Aggression and noncompliance were modestly but reliably related to one another. These results suggest that alternative care of high quality does not lead to noncompliance and aggression.